Mastering Muay Thai Kick-Boxing - Internet Archive...DISTRIBUTED BY North America, Latin America...

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ForewordbyPatrickT.TrayModelsandPhotoCreditsRickTavares:Green/CamoMichaelCustodio:BlueJamesW.Imel:Black(Fig.160–166)

SubmissionsAdvisorJeffJohnstonAnaSaldana:PinkRichardS.Hemsley:Red/BlackScottHarlan:OliveGreen(Fig.112,113,122,and123)

CombinationandEnduranceDrillsCourtesyofTridentAcademyofMartialArts

Disclaimer:PleasenotethatthepublisherandauthorofthisinstructionalbookareNOTRESPONSIBLEinanymannerwhatsoeverforanyinjurythatmayresultfrompracticingthetechniquesand/orfollowingtheinstructionsgivenwithin.Martialartstraining can be dangerous—both to you and to others—if not practiced safely. Ifyou'reindoubtastohowtoproceedorwhetheryourpracticeissafe,consultwithatrainedmartialartsteacherbeforebeginning.Sincethephysicalactivitiesdescribedhereinmaybe toostrenuous innature forsomereaders, it isalsoessential thataphysicianbeconsultedpriortotraining.

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Harvey,JoeE.MasteringMuayThaikick-boxing:MMA-proventechniques/JoeE.Harvey.--1sted.p.cm.ISBN978-0-8048-4005-7(pbk.);ISBN:978-1-4629-0564-5(ebook)1.MuayThai.I.Title.GV1127.T45H372009796.815--dc22

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Previouspage:Thestraightknee#2isadefenseagainstanopponent'srightcrossand includes a follow-up strike. Learnmore about this techniqueonpage86.

Opposite: The left head pull is a defense against an opponent's right skipknee or right curve knee in the plum/clinch. Learn more about thistechniqueonpage155.

DEDICATION

ToRichardErnestHarveyAtruewarrior

CONTENTSFOREWORDINTRODUCTIONDIAGRAMSCenterlineLevelsDirectionalAnglesLinearPositioningMUAYTHAISTANCE*LeadLeg*RearLegMOVEMENTForwardAdvance*StalkingBackwardsRetreatLateralLeftLateralRightTurnLeft(Quarter)TurnRight(Quarter)UPPERBODYSTRIKESJabCrossHook(Left)Hook(Right)LowJabLowCrossLowHookUppercut(Left)Uppercut(Right)HorizontalElbow(Left)HorizontalElbow(Right)DownElbow(Left)DownElbow(Right)UpElbow(Left)UpElbow(Right)SpinningBack-Fist(Left)

SpinningBack-Fist(Right)SpinningBack-Elbow(Left)SpinningBack-Elbow(Right)JumpFlyCross(Left)*SwitchStepJumpFlyCross(Right)*StutterStepJumpFlyElbow(Left)JumpFlyElbow(Right)LOWERBODYSTRIKESLeftRoundKickRightRoundKickCutKick(Left)CutKick(Right)LeftAngleKickRightAngleKickLongFootJabShortFootJabLongKnee(Left)LongKnee(Right)JumpFlyKnee(Left)JumpFlyKnee(Right)UPPERBODYDEFENSESParry(Left)Parry(Right)CoverHigh(Left)CoverHigh(Right)CoverLowOutside(Left)CoverLowOutside(Right)CoverLowInside(Left)CoverLowInside(Right)Cup/Catch(Left)Cup/Catch(Right)Slip(Left)Slip(Right)DuckBobandWeave(Left)BobandWeave(Right)ShoulderStop(Left)ShoulderStop(Right)StraightKnee#1StraightKnee#2ElbowJam(Left)ElbowJam(Right)Push(Left)Push(Right)RetreatandAdvanceBackwardsRetreat

LOWERBODYDEFENSESLeadLegShieldCrossShieldSweep/ParryLeftRoundKickSweep/ParryRightRoundKickParryLongFootJabInsideParryLongFootJabOutsideParryShortFootJabInsideParryShortFootJabOutsideParryLeftLongKneeInsideParryLeftLongKneeOutsideParryRightLongKneeInsideParryRightLongKneeOutsideLeftAngleEvadeKickRightAngleEvadeKickCatchKick(Left)CatchKick(Right)RetreatandAdvanceBackwardsRetreatSTRIKE-DEFENSETABLESUpperBodyStrike-DefenseTableLowerBodyStrike-DefenseTablePLUM/CLINCHTIE-UPSDoubleHeadGrabHigh-Low(Left)High-Low(Right)UnderArmPLUM/CLINCHTIE-UPDEFENSESPummel(Left)Pummel(Right)Cross-face(Left)Cross-face(Right)ElbowRaise(Left)ElbowRaise(Right)ElbowPull(Left)ElbowPull(Right)Over/UnderSnake(Left)Over/UnderSnake(Right)PLUM/CLINCHSTRIKESSkipKnees#1SkipKnees#2CurveKnee(Left)*LeftChipKnee

CurveKnee(Right)*RightChipKneeSnapElbow(Left)SnapElbow(Right)PLUM/CLINCHPLUM/CLINCHDEFENSESHipCheck(Left)HipCheck(Right)HipShift(Left)HipShift(Right)PullOffBalance(Left)PullOffBalance(Right)HeadPull(Left)HeadPull(Right)LegTieOutside(Left)LegTieOutside(Right)LegTieInside(Left)LegTieInside(Right)PLUM/CLINCHTHROWSThrow(Left)Throw(Right)PERSONALATTACKRANGERANGETABLEEQUIPMENTProtectiveEquipmentTrainingEquipmentFOCUSMITTSUsingFocusMittsHoldingFocusMittsforUpperBodyStrikesconfigreTHAIPADSUsingThaiPadsHoldingThaiPadsforUpperBodyStrikesHoldingThaiPadsforLowerBodyStrikesTRAININGDRILLS

ENDURANCEDRILLSCOMBINATIONDRILLSSPECIFICPROBLEMAREATRAININGTIPSABOUTTHEAUTHOR*Areincludedindescriptionofanothertechnique

FOREWORDMuay Thai is a ring fighting art and the national sport ofThailand.ItsrootscomefromthecombativeandancientartofKrabi Krabong. Some refer to it as Thailand’s weapon art;however,itwasmorethanjustanart:itwasthewaytheThai’sfought wars. The techniques utilized in Krabi Krabong easilytransferredovertothetechniquesusedearlyoninthesportofMuayThai,whichhasevolvedovertimeto itscurrentstatureintheworldofmartialartsandinternationalsports.

MuayThai is one of the fastest growing fight sports in theworld.Duetoitspopularityandeffectivenessinthering,ithasbecome one of themost prominent arts in theMixedMartialArts (MMA) arena.Muay Thai’s effectiveness in the ring andMMA has become common knowledge to fans and fightersthroughouttheworld.

What is not common knowledge is the effectiveness andwidespread use ofMuay Thai in themilitary. I spent over 21years with the U.S. Navy SEAL Teams and throughout thattime, I witnessed numerous hand-to-hand combat programsthat were designed to market and teach military and lawenforcement. If it is a successful program, you can bet thatMuay Thai plays a large role in it. Atmy school, the TridentAcademy of Martial Arts, we teach numerous martial arts,including Muay Thai, in a program that combines the mostpractical techniques for self-defense from all the arts taught.MuayThai is themostprominentart in thatprogram for tworeasons:1)theeffectivenessofMuayThaitechniqueand2)thetrainingmethodofMuayThai.

JoeHarveyisapractitionerofnumerousarts;however,atmyacademy,hewasastudentofMuayThai.WhenIrefertoJoeasastudentofMuayThai,Iamnotreferringtohimassomeonewho only trained in it, but as someone who studied the art

intensely. He meticulously took notes, became well-versed inthe art and thoroughly understood all the techniques andtraining methods. After viewing his notes, which are thefoundation of this book, I cannot recommend a betterrepresentation of Muay Thai than that found within thesepages. It is an outstanding aid to anybody training in MuayThaiorMMA.Joe’s instructionsareeasytofollow,theybreakdownthetechniquesindetailforbothbeginnersandadvancedstudents and put together intricate combinations. I highlyrecommendthisbooktoallinterestedinMuayThaiorMMA.

—PatrickTrayPatrickTrayisafour-timecombatveteranwhoserved21yearsasamemberoftheU.S.NavySEALTeamsandservedastheSEAL’shand-to-handcombatinstructorforover10years.Mr.Tray,ownerandfounderofTridentAcademyofMartialArts,isafullinstructorandrepresentativefortheThaiBoxingAssociationoftheU.S.A.(TBA-USA) and has full instructorship in Jun Fan Gung Fu/Jeet Kune Do Concepts andFilipino martial arts under Dan Inosanto. He is also a full instructor andrepresentative for other martial arts (e.g., Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, combat submissionwrestling—CSW)underworld-renownedinstructors.

INTRODUCTIONMUAYTHAIInterest in theartofMuayThai is rapidlygrowingworldwidedue to its practical aspects as a method of self-defense, thephysical conditioning involved with Muay Thai training, thedevastatingeffectivenessasanelementofMixedMartialArts(MMA) stand-up fighting, and the sport itself. Muay Thai,translatedintoEnglishasThaiBoxing,isthenationalsportofThailandandamartialartwithoriginsinthewarfaretacticsoftheThai army. It evolved fromKrabiKrabong (Krŭ –bēKrŭ –bŏng),thehand-to-handtacticsoftheThaiarmy.

Muay Thai is commonly referred to as the “Art of eightweapons” due to its utilization of eight striking weapons:hands, elbows, shins and knees. Muay Thai also features aunique form of standing grappling called the plum and/orclinch.

The art of Muay Thai is always evolving. There may bedifferences in teaching styles and variations of techniques,dependingonthelineageofinstruction.Oneofthemostvividexamplesofitsevolutionisthechangefromthetraditionalarmposition to its current form resemblingWestern-style boxing.This positive change affected striking and defensivetechniques.

Learning Muay Thai, as with all martial arts, is based onbuilding a strong foundation of basic techniques and thenbuildinguponthatfoundation.Asyouprogressinyourtraining,you can add additional techniques and/or variations that youhavelearned(e.g.,hookkicks,whicharenotastandardMuayThaitechnique,aredepictedbeingusedinancientdrawingsofThaifighters).

Muay Thai training methods develop speed, power, and

cardio-vascularendurance.Repetitionisaveryimportantpartof training. Repetition develops “muscle memory,” whichconditionsthebodytoperformtechniquesefficiently.

THEBOOKThis book is structured as a learning manual and referencebook. It is the perfect companion for new students of MuayThai who can use the book to learn efficiently, whileexperienced students can use the book to refine theirtechniques.

The information is presented in a straightforward way andthoroughly breaks down themechanics ofMuay Thai. Detailsgivenincludeweightdistribution,strikingarea, lineofattack,andotherimportantinformationthatallowsonetoperfectthetechniquesandbeeffective.Thebook includesmany learningaids such as photographs, steppingdiagrams, tables, trainingdrills,trainingtips,andmore.

Theentirebook isbasedon thestandard left leadposition.Once you have a strong foundation in Muay Thai, you maychoose to train from a right lead position. All instruction isgiven from your perspective facing an opponent unlessspecificallystated (e.g.,opponent’srightroundkick, insideofopponent’s left thigh). Once you understand the bodymechanics of a technique, practice it until it is smooth andfluid.

Importantpointstokeepinmind:

The Muay Thai stance is the heart of the art and allmovementandtechniqueswilloriginateandendwiththisstance(unlessyouareengagedintheplum/clinch).

StayrelaxedduringallaspectsofMuayThai.Donottenseup.

Alwayskeepyourchindownandtucked.

Keepyourheadmovingwhen incloserange.Donot let itbeasittingtarget.

Whenperformingatechnique,focusonengagingthecoremuscles of your abdominal area. Consistent training willcondition the core muscles and add power to yourtechniques.

Focus the full extension of your strikes approximately 2-3inchesbehindthetargetforpenetration.

Do not “pose” after a technique. Always immediatelyfollow-upand/orquicklyreturntoadefensiveposition.

POWER=SPEEDXMASS

Nothingissetinstone.Alltechniques,includingfootwork,positioning, and defense, can be adjusted to the situationand/oropponent.

DIAGRAMS

CENTERLINE

LEVELS

DIRECTIONALANGLES

LINEARPOSITIONING

MUAYTHAISTANCE

LEADLEG

REARLEG

ThisistheheartofMuayThai.All techniques andmovement will originate and end inthisstance(unlessyouareengagedintheplum/clinch).

Keep chin down and tucked at all times, even duringtechniquesandmovement.

TheMuayThaistanceisarelaxedstandingposition.Standupstraight,withtorsosquaredoff,andrelaxtheshoulders.

Putchindown.

Fistsareeye-levelandafist’swidthapart.

Fistsareslightlyturnedout.

Elbowsaredownandintowardthetorso.(Fig.5)

Fistsareafist’swidthfromface.(Fig.6)

Leftlegisinfront—LEADLEGRightlegisbehind—REARLEG

Placefeetshoulder-widthapart.

Pointleftleadlegandfootstraightforward.Pointrightrearlegandfootalittletotherightatapproximatelya45-degreeanglewithheelupslightly.

Alignleftleadlegheelandrightrearlegtoes.(Fig.7)

Kneeswillmaintainaveryslightbend.

Weightdistributionshouldbeevenbetweenbothlegs.

Theentirebookisbasedonthestandardleftleadlegposition.Once you have a strong foundation in Muay Thai, you maychoosetotrainfromarightleadlegposition.

MOVEMENT

FORWARDADVANCE

BACKWARDSRETREAT

LATERALLEFT

LATERALRIGHT

TURNLEFT(QUARTER)

TURNRIGHT(QUARTER)

Allmovementshouldbesmoothandinarelaxedstate.

Withallmovement,placefeetdowntoefirst,andthenheelifneeded.

Alwaysmaintainaslightbendintheknees.

FORWARDADVANCEFromMuay Thai stance, step forward with left lead leg andpushforwardwithrightrearleg.

Rightrearlegwillfollow.

EndinMuayThaistance.

Stalking is using the forward advance in a relaxed state toclosethedistancetoopponentandkeepconstantpressureonopponent.

BACKWARDSRETREATFromMuayThaistance,stepbackwardswithrightrearlegandpushbackwardswithleftleadleg.

Leftleadlegwillfollow.

LATERALLEFTFromMuayThaistance,stepdirectlytotheleftwithleft leadlegandpushtotheleftwithrightrearleg.

LATERALRIGHTFromMuay Thai stance, step directly to the right with rightrearlegandpushtotherightwithleftleadleg.

Leftleadlegwillfollow.

TURNLEFT(QUARTER)FromMuayThai stance, stepone full step forwardwith rightrearleg.

Turn¼totheleftbypivotingonboththeleftandrightballsoffeet.

TURNRIGHT(QUARTER)FromMuay Thai stance, step back and to the left with rightrearleg.

Turn¼totherightbypivotingonheelofleftfootandballofrightfoot.(Fig.9)

UPPERBODYSTRIKES

HOOK(LEFT)

HOOK(RIGHT)

LOWJAB

LOWCROSS

LOWHOOK

UPPERCUT(LEFT)

UPPERCUT(RIGHT)

HORIZONTALELBOW(LEFT)

HORIZONTALELBOW(RIGHT)

DOWNELBOW(LEFT)

DOWNELBOW(RIGHT)

UPELBOW(LEFT)

UPELBOW(RIGHT)

SPINNINGBACK-FIST(LEFT)

SPINNINGBACK-FIST(RIGHT)

SPINNINGBACK-ELBOW(LEFT)

SPINNINGBACK-ELBOW(RIGHT)

JUMPFLYCROSS(LEFT)

JUMPFLYCROSS(RIGHT)

JUMPFLYELBOW(LEFT)

JUMPFLYELBOW(RIGHT)

JABThejabisaquicksnappingstrike.

Advanceforwardwhilestriking.

FromMuayThaistance,leftfistpuncheseye-levelinastraightlinedirectlyfromhandposition.

Rollleftshoulderforwardintoleftsideoffaceforcoverageofleftcheekandchin.

Moverightfistagainstrightcheekforcoverageofrightcheekandchin.(Fig.10)

Rollfisttostrikewithfirsttwoknuckles.Atfullextension,firsttwoknuckleswillalignwithwrist,arm,andshoulder.(Fig.11)

Thestrikewillmoveinadirectlinetotarget.

ReturntoMuayThaistance.

The jab also can be done from a stationary stance or anydirection ofmovement depending on distance and positioningwithtarget.

CROSSThecrossisapowerstrikeandshouldbefastandhard.

FromMuayThaistance,punchright fistateye-leveland inastraightlinedirectlyfromhandposition.

Shift95%ofweightontoleftleadlegandslightlybendkneeofleftleadleg.

Pivotrightrear leg inwardand to the left, thrustingrighthipand shoulder toward target by pivoting on ball of right foot.(Fig.12)

Rollrightshoulderforwardintorightsideoffaceforcoverageofrightcheekandchin.

Moveleftfistagainstleftcheekforcoverageofleftcheekandchin.(Fig.13)

Rollfisttostrikewithfirsttwoknuckles.Atfullextension,firsttwoknuckleswillalignwithwrist,arm,andshoulder.

The cross also can be done from any direction of movementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

HOOK(LEFT)The left hook can be used as a fast and snapping strike orpowerstrike.

FromMuay Thai stance, raise left elbow eye-level creating ahorizontallinewithfist.

Fistpositionisvertical.(Fig.14)

Shift75%ofweighttorightrear leg.Rightheelwillgodown“flatfooted.”

Pivotleftleadlegtotherightbypivotingonballofleftfootandraisingleftheel.(Fig.15)

While pivoting, turn left hip and left side of torso towardsopponenttoaleftlinearposition.(Fig.16)

The strikewillmove left to rightwith the force created frompivoting.

Moverightfistagainstrightcheekforcoverageofrightcheekandchin.

Strike with first two knuckles which should be aligned withwristandforearm.(Fig.14)

Thelefthookalsocanbedonefromanydirectionofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

HOOK(RIGHT)The right hook can be used as a fast and snapping strike orpowerstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,raiserightelboweye-leveltocreateahorizontallinewithfist.

Fistpositionisvertical.(Fig.17)

Shift75%ofweighttoleftleadleg.

Pivotrightrearleginwardandtotheleftonballofrightfoot.(Fig.18)

While pivoting, turn right hip and right side of torso towardopponenttoarightlinearpositionwhilemaintainingaleftleadstance.

The strike will move right to left with the force created bypivoting.

Moveleftfistagainstleftcheekforcoverageofleftcheekandchin.

The right hook also can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

LOWJABThelowjabisthesameastheregularjabtechnique,butdropeye-levelbybendingbothkneessubstantiallywhileadvancingandstriking.

Donotleadwithhead.Keepbackstraightandonlybendkneestolowerlevel.

LOWCROSSThe lowcross is thesameastheregularcrosstechnique,butdrop eye-level by bending both knees substantially whilestriking.

LOWHOOK(LEFTANDRIGHT)The lowhook is thesameas theregularhook (leftandright)technique, but drop eye-level by bending both kneessubstantiallywhilestriking.

UPPERCUT(LEFT)Theleftuppercutisafastsnappingstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,shift95%ofweighttoleftleadleg.

Bendbothkneesapproximately6inches.

Rollrightshoulderforwardanddipleftshoulderslightly.

Strikewithleftfistonthecenterline,lowtohigh.(Fig.19)

Whilestriking,rotateleftfistsopalmisfacingyou.(Fig.20)

Push up with left lead leg and thrust left shoulder up andforwardduringthestrike.

Keep left outer forearm close to opponent and on centerlineduringthestrike.

The left uppercut also can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

UPPERCUT(RIGHT)Therightuppercutisafastsnappingstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,shift95%ofweighttorightrearleg.

Bendbothkneesapproximately6inches.

Rollleftshoulderforwardanddiprightshoulderslightly.

Strikewithrightfistonthecenterline,lowtohigh.(Fig.22)

Whilestriking,rotaterightfistsopalmisfacingyou.

Pushupwith right rear leg and thrust right shoulder up andforwardduringthestrike.

Keeprightouter forearmclose toopponentandoncenterlineduringthestrike.

The right uppercut also can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

HORIZONTALELBOW(LEFT)Thelefthorizontalelbowisafastsnappingstrike.

From Muay Thai stance, raise both elbows so fists areforehead-level.

Moverightarmslightlytotheleftandrotateforearmout(palmaway)forcoverage.

Lift left elbow up to align horizontal with left fist and rotateforearmout(palmaway).(Fig.24)

Strikebysnappingpointofleftelbowforwardtocenterline.Donotoverextendpastcenterline.

Relaxlefthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.(Fig.25)

Thrustleftshoulderforwardslightlyandshift75%ofweighttorightrearlegwhilestriking.

Pivot left lead leg inward and to the right on ball of left footandraiseleftheelduringthestrike.(Fig.26)

Thestrikewillmovelefttorightinahorizontalline.

The strike can be used to rip and tear with the point of theelboworhitwiththebottomthreeinchesoftheouterforearmneartheelbow.(Fig.27)

Thelefthorizontalelbowalsocanbedonefromanydirectionofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

HORIZONTALELBOW(RIGHT)

Therighthorizontalelbowisafastsnappingstrike.

Moveleftarmslightlytotherightandrotateforearmout(palmaway)forcoverage.

Liftrightelbowuptoalignhorizontalwithrightfistandrotateforearmout(palmaway).(Fig.28)

Strikebysnappingpointofrightelbowforwardtocenterline.Donotoverextendpastcenterline.

Relaxrighthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.(Fig.29)

Thrustrightshoulderforwardslightlyandshift75%ofweighttoleftleadlegwhilestriking.

Pivotrightrearleginwardandtotheleftonballofrightfootandraiserightheelduringthestrike.(Fig.30)

Thestrikewillmoverighttoleftinahorizontalline.

The strike can be used to rip and tear with the point of theelboworhitwiththebot-tomthreeinchesoftheouterforearmneartheelbow.(Fig.31)

Therighthorizontalelbowalsocanbedonefromanydirectionof movement depending on distance and positioning withtarget.

DOWNELBOW(LEFT)Theleftdownelbowisafastsnappingstrike.

Liftleftelbowstraightupdroppingleftfisttoalignelbowandfistasverticalaspossibleandrotateforearmout(palmaway).(Fig.32)

Strikebysnappingpointofleftelbowdownwardoncenterline.

Relaxlefthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.(Fig.33)

Thrustleftshoulderforwardslightlyandshift75%ofweightto

rightrearlegwhilestriking.

Thestrikewillmovehightolowoncenterline.

The left down elbow also can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

DOWNELBOW(RIGHT)Therightdownelbowisafastsnappingstrike.

Lift right elbow straightupdropping right fist to alignelbowand fist as vertical as possible and rotate forearm out (palmaway).(Fig.36)

Strike by snapping point of right elbow downward oncenterline.

Relaxrighthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.(Fig.37)

Thrustrightshoulderforwardslightlyandshift75%ofweighttoleftleadlegwhilestriking.

Thestrikewillmovehightolowoncenter-line.

The strike can be used to rip and tear with the point of theelboworhitwiththebot-tomthreeinchesoftheouterforearmneartheelbow.(Fig.39)

The right down elbow also can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

UPELBOW(LEFT)Theleftupelbowisafastsnappingstrike.

From Muay Thai stance, raise right elbow so right fist isforehead-level.

Leftelbowwillstrikefromoriginalposition.

Strikebysnappingpointofleftelbowupwardoncenterline.

Relaxlefthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.

Thrustleftshoulderforwardsubstantiallytoraiseelbowtoeye-level and twist upper body to an almost left linear position.(Fig.40)

Shift75%ofweighttorightrearlegwhilestriking.

Thestrikewillmovelowtohighoncenterline.

The left up elbow also can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

UPELBOW(RIGHT)

Therightupelbowisafastsnappingstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,raiseleftelbowsoleftfistisforehead-level.

Rightelbowwillstrikefromoriginalposition.

Strikebysnappingpointofrightelbowupwardoncenterline.

Relaxrighthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.

Thrust right shoulder forward substantially to raise elbow toeye-level and twist upper body to an almost right linearposition.(Fig.43)

Shift75%ofweighttoleftleadlegwhilestriking.

Thestrikewillmovelowtohighoncenterline.

The right up elbow also can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithtarget.

SPINNINGBACK-FIST(LEFT)The left spinning back-fist is a fast power strike usingcentrifugalforce.

FromMuayThaistance,takeafullstepforwardandtotheleftacrossthebodyandpastcenterlinewithrightrearleg.

Drop100%ofweighttorightleg.

Lift left footslightlyoffgroundandspincounter-clockwisebypivotingonballofrightfoot.

Left leg will land in original left lead leg position facingopponent.(Fig.46)

Turn head to the left to keep visual contact with opponentduringthespin.

Strikewithleftfistwhilespinning.

Straighten left arm during spin. Leave a slight bend inelbow.

Slightlybendleftwristtopositionfirsttwoknucklesaheadofarm.(Fig.47)

Poweriscreatedbythespeedandcentrifugalforceofthespin.

Thestrikewillmoverighttoleftinahorizontalline.

Strikewithfirsttwoknucklesfrombacksideoffist.

ReturntoMuayThaistancefacingopponent.

SPINNINGBACK-FIST(RIGHT)The right spinning back-fist is a fast power strike usingcentrifugalforce.

FromMuay Thai stance, take a full step forward and to therightacrossthebodyandpastcenterlinewithleftleadleg.

Drop100%ofweighttoleftleg.

Liftrightfootslightlyoffgroundandspinclockwisebypivotingonballofleftfoot.

Rightlegwillspincompletelyaroundandlandinoriginalrightrearlegposition.(Fig.48)

Turn head to the right to keep visual contact with opponentduringthespin.

Strikewithrightfistwhilespinning.

Straightenrightarmduringspin.Leaveaslightbendinelbow.

Slightlybendrightwristtopositionfirsttwoknucklesaheadofarm.(Fig.49)

Thestrikewillmovelefttorightinahorizontalline.

Strikewithfirsttwoknucklesfrombacksideoffist.

SPINNINGBACK-ELBOW(LEFT)The left spinning back-elbow is a fast power strike usingcentrifugalforce.

FromMuayThaistance,takeafullstepforwardandtotheleftacrossthebodyandpastcenterlinewithrightrearleg.

Lift left footslightlyoffgroundandspincounter-clockwisebypivotingonballofrightfoot.

Left leg will land in original left lead leg position facingopponent.(Fig.50)

Turn head to the left to keep visual contact with opponentduringthespin.

Raisebothelbowssofistsareforehead-level.

Liftleftelbowstraightupdroppingleftfisttoalignelbowandfist as vertically as possible and rotate forearm out (palmaway).(Fig.51)

Thestrikewillmoverighttoleftandhightolowinadiagonalline.

Strikewith bottom three inches of back of elbow or point ofelbowforrippingandtearing.(Fig.52)

Optionsafterimpactfordistance:1)continuecounter-clockwisepivoting to Muay Thai stance facing opponent, or 2) reversepivotclockwiseandstepbackwith right legto returntoMuayThaistancefacingopponent.

SPINNINGBACK-ELBOW(RIGHT)The right spinning back-elbow is a fast power strike usingcentrifugalforce.

FromMuay Thai stance, take a full step forward and to therightacrossthebodyandpastcenter-linewithleftleadleg.

Drop100%ofweighttoleftleg.

Liftrightfootslightlyoffgroundandspinclockwisebypivoting

onballofleftfoot.

Rightlegwillspincompletelyaroundandlandinoriginalrightrearlegposition.(Fig.53)

Turn head to the right to keep visual contact with opponentduringthespin.

Lift right elbow straightupdropping right fist to alignelbowandfistasverticallyaspossibleandrotate forearmout (palmaway).(Fig.54)

Thestrikewillmovelefttorightandhightolowinadiagonalline.

Strikewith bottom three inches of back of elbow or point ofelbowforrippingandtearing.(Fig.55)

Optionsafterimpactfordistance:1)continueclockwisepivotingto Muay Thai stance facing opponent, or 2) reverse pivotcounter-clockwise to return to Muay Thai stance facingopponent.

JUMPFLYCROSS(LEFT)The left jump fly cross is a power strike used to close thedistancebetweenyouandthetargetwhilestrikingwithaddedmomentum.

FromMuayThaistance,switchstep—Quicklyswitchbothfeetwithoutmoving forward,drop100%ofweighton to right legandbendrightknee.(Fig.56)

Jumpforwardandupbypushingoffrightleg.

The jump will have an arch ending at the impact point withtarget.(Fig.57)

Strikewiththeleftcrossusingthedownwardmomentumfromtheendofthejump.

Leftfistpunchesateye-levelandinastraightlinedirectlyfromhandposition.

Kick left leg backwards during the strike to increasemomentum.

Landonrightleg.

JUMPFLYCROSS(RIGHT)The right jump fly cross is a power strike used to close thedistancebetweenyouandthetargetwhilestrikingwithaddedmomentum.

FromMuay Thai stance, stutter step—Lean forward placing100%ofweightonleftleadleg.

Maintainingfullbalancewithleftleadleg,moverightrearleg

one full step forwardslightlyoff thegroundbutdonot touchrightfootdown,thenquicklyswitchbothfeetwithoutmovingforward.

Keep100%ofweightonleftleadlegandbendleftknee.(Fig.59)

Jumpforwardandupbypushingoffleftleadleg.

Strikewiththerightcrossusingthedownmomentumfromtheendofthejump.

Right fist punches at eye-level and in a straight line directlyfromhandposition.

Kick right leg backwards during the strike to increasemomentum.

Landonleftleg.

JUMPFLYELBOW(LEFT)

The left jump fly elbow is a power strike used to close thedistancebetweenyouandthetargetwhilestrikingwithaddedmomentum.

Jumpforwardandupbypushingoffrightleg.L

Strikewith left down elbow using the downmomentum fromtheendofthejump.

Liftleftelbowstraightupdroppingleftfisttoalignelbowandfist as vertically as possible and rotate forearm out (palmaway).

Strikebysnappingpointofleftelbowdownwardoncenterline.

Relaxlefthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.

Thrustleftshoulderforwardslightlyduringthestrike.

Kick left leg backwards during the strike to increasemomentum.(Fig.64)

Landonrightleg.

JUMPFLYELBOW(RIGHT)The right jump fly elbow is a power strike used to close thedistancebetweenyouandthetargetwhilestrikingwithaddedmomentum.

From Muay Thai stance, stutter step—Lean forward placing100%ofweightonleftleadleg.

Maintainingfullbalancewithleftleadleg,moverightrearlegone full step forwardslightlyoff thegroundbutdonot touchrightfootdown,thenquicklyswitchbothfeetwithoutmovingforward.

Keep100%ofweightonleftleadlegandbendleftknee.(Fig.66)

Jumpforwardandupbypushingoffleftleadleg.

Strikewithrightdownelbowusingthedownmomentumfromtheendofthejump.

Lift right elbow straightupdropping right fist to alignelbowandfistasverticallyaspossibleandrotate forearmout (palmaway).

Strike by snapping point of right elbow downward oncenterline.

Relaxrighthandsoitcanbendatwristagainstcenterofchest.

Thrustrightshoulderforwardslightlyduringthestrike.

Kick right leg backwards during the strike to increasemomentum.(Fig.68)

The strike can be used to rip and tear with the point of the

elboworhitwiththebottomthreeinchesoftheouterforearmneartheelbow.(Fig.69)

Landonleftleg.

LOWERBODYSTRIKES

LEFTROUNDKICK

RIGHTROUNDKICK

CUTKICK(LEFT)

CUTKICK(RIGHT)

LEFTANGLEKICK

RIGHTANGLEKICK

LONGFOOTJAB

SHORTFOOTJAB

LONGKNEE(LEFT)

LONGKNEE(RIGHT)

JUMPFLYKNEE(LEFT)

JUMPFLYKNEE(RIGHT)

LEFTROUNDKICKTheleftroundkickisafastpowerstrike.

From Muay Thai stance, step right rear leg one full stepforward and to the right in a diagonal line. Drop 100% ofweightonrightleadleg.(Fig.70)

Usingtheforwardmomentumfromthestep,pushoff leftfootand swing left leg forward at desired height. Bend left kneeslightlyandalignshinhorizontallyandflushwithtarget.

Pivottotherightonballofrightfoot.

Rotate right arm palm out and move to the left acrosscenterline and above eye line. Touch outer forearm acrossforeheadforcoverage.

You may drop the right fist and forearm from thispositiontocovertheleftcheekandchin,ifneeded.

Throw left arm behind left leg during the strike for addedmomentum.(Fig.71)

Strikewithleftshin.

Thestrikecanbeusedatanyheight,lowtohigh.

Thestrikewillmovefromlefttoright.

After the impact,place left legbehindyouandstepbackwithrightlegtoreturntoMuayThaistance.

Ifnoimpact,stopmomentumby“scooping”thekick—bendandliftleftkneeandplaceleftlegbehindyou.StepbackwithrightlegtoMuayThaistance.

The left roundkickalsocanbedonefromastationarystance,switch step, or right lateralmovement depending on distanceandpositioningwithtarget.

RIGHTROUNDKICKTherightroundkickisafastpowerstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,leftleadlegstepsforwardandtotheleft in a diagonal line. Drop 100% ofweight on left lead leg.(Fig.72)

Usingtheforwardmomentumfromthestep,pushoffrightfootandswingrightlegforwardatdesiredheight.Bendrightkneeslightlyandalignshinhorizontallyandflushwithtarget.

Pivottotheleftonballofleftfoot.

Rotate left arm palm out and move to the right acrosscenterline and above eye line. Touch outer forearm acrossforeheadforcoverage.

Youmaydroptheleftfistandforearmfromthispositiontocovertherightcheekandchin,ifneeded.

Throw right armbehind right legduring the strike for addedmomentum.(Fig.73)

Strikewithrightshin.

Thestrikewillmovefromrighttoleft.

After the impact,place right legbehindyou to return toMuayThaistance.

If no impact, arch the right kick to a downward angle andcontinue spinning counter-clockwise to return to Muay Thaistance.Keepeyesonopponentbyturningheadduringthespin.

Therightroundkickalsocanbedonefromastationarystance,stutter step, or left lateral movement depending on distanceandpositioningwithtarget.

CUTKICK(LEFT)Theleftcutkick isthesametechniqueasthe leftroundkick,but drop eye-level by bending right knee substantially whilesteppingandstriking.

Donotleadwithhead.Keepbackstraightandonlybendrightkneetolowerlevel.

Aftertheimpact,placeleft legbehindyouandstepbackwithrightlegtoreturntoMuayThaistance.

Options for target are: 1) inside of opponent’s left leg at thekneeorinnerthigh,or2)outsideofopponent’srightlegatthekneeorouterthigh,dependingondistanceandpositioning.

Options for the striking angle are: 1) up, 2) down, or 3)horizontal.

Theleftcutkickcanbeusedasastrikeortodisruptopponent’sright round kick by throwing opponent off balance (Kickopponent’sleftbaseleg).

CUTKICK(RIGHT)The right cut kick is the same technique as the right roundkick,butdropeye-levelbybendingleftkneesubstantiallywhilesteppingandstriking.

Donotleadwithhead.Keepbackstraightandonlybendleftkneetolowerlevel.

After the impact, place right leg behind you to Muay Thaistance.

Options for targetare:1) insideof opponent’s right legat thekneeor inner thigh,or2)outsideofopponent’s left legat the

kneeorouterthigh,dependingondistanceandpositioning.

Options for the striking angle are: 1) up, 2) down, or 3)horizontal.

The right cut kick can be used as a strike or to disruptopponent’s left round kick by throwing opponent off balance(Kickopponent’srightbaseleg).

LEFTANGLEKICKTheleftanglekickisaquick,snappingstrike.

Remainstationarythroughouttechnique.

FromMuayThaistance,drop100%ofweightonrightrearleg.Leftleadlegwillquicklyshootinaslightdiagonallineupandtotheright.Bendkneeslightlyandalignshinwithtarget.Pivottotherightonballofrightfoot.

Rotate right arm palm out and move to the left acrosscenterline and above eye line. Touch outer forearm acrossforeheadforcoverage.

You may drop the right fist and forearm from thispositiontocovertheleftcheekandchin,ifneeded.

Snap left arm behind left leg during the strike for addedmomentum.(Fig.74)

Strikewithleftshin.

The strikewillmove from left to right in anupwarddiagonalline.

Afterthestrike,quicklyplaceleft legdowntoreturntoMuayThaistance.

Using the angle of the left angle kick, you can go underopponent’srightarmtotargetopponent’sribs.

RIGHTANGLEKICKTherightanglekickisaquick,snappingstrike.

Remainstationarythroughouttechnique.

FromMuayThaistance,drop100%ofweightonleftleadleg.Quicklyshootrightrearleginaslightdiagonallineupandtotheleft.Bendkneeslightlyandalignshinwithtarget.Pivottotheleftonballofleftfoot.

Rotate left arm palm out and move to the right acrosscenterline and above eye line. Touch outer forearm acrossforeheadforcoverage.

Youmaydroptheleftfistandforearmfromthispositiontocovertherightcheekandchin,ifneeded.

Snap right arm behind right leg during the strike for addedmomentum.(Fig.75)

The strikewillmove from right to left in anupwarddiagonalline.

Afterthestrike,quicklyplacerightlegbehindyoutoreturntoMuayThaistance.

Using the angle of the right angle kick, you can go underopponent’sleftarmtotargetopponent’sribs.

LONGFOOTJABThe long foot jab is a pushing techniqueor a quick thrustingstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,shift100%ofweighttorightlegandliftleftlegupbyraisingandbendingknee.(Fig.76)

Pushing technique: Thrust left leg forward, make contactwithentirebottomoffootinadirectlineandpushtarget.(Fig.77)

Strikingtechnique:Thrustleftlegforwardquickly,pointleftfoot forwardandpull toesbacktostrikewithballof left foot.Strikeinadirectline.Atfullextension,ballofleftfootwillbeinadirectlinewithleftkneeandhip.(Fig.78)

Push forwardwith right foot and slide right foot forward for

distanceandaddedmomentum.

Stay squared off to opponent during the technique and standupstraight.Donotleanuppertorso.Donotpivot.

Donotdrophands.Botharmswill remain inoriginalpositionduringtheentiretechnique.

Maintainbalancewithrightlegthroughouttechnique.

Donotletleftlegdroporfallaftertheimpact.Re-bendand lift knee, then place left leg down in Muay Thaistance.

The long foot jab also can be done from a stationary positionwithoutslidingtherightfootforward.

The longfoot jabcanbeusedtopushtocreatedistance,stopopponent’s forward momentum, disrupt opponent’s techniquebypushingoffbalance,orstrike,ifinrange.

Target on opponent can be the chest, stomach, waist, hips,upperlegs,orhead.

SHORTFOOTJABTheshort foot jab isapushingtechniqueoraquickthrustingstrike.

FromMuayThai stance, shift 100%ofweight to left leg. Liftrightlegupbyraisingandbendingknee.

Pushing technique: Thrust right leg forward, make contactwith entire bottom of foot in a direct line and push target.Thrustrighthipforwardslightlyduringthetechnique.(Fig.79)

Striking technique: Thrust right leg forward quickly, pointrightfootforwardandpulltoesbacktostrikewithballofrightfoot.Strikeinadirect line.Atfullextension,ballofrightfootwillbeinadirectlinewithrightkneeandhip.Thrustrighthipforwardslightlyduringthestrike.(Fig.80)

Pivotleftfoottotheleftonballofleftfoot.

Stay squared off to opponent during the technique andstandupstraight.Donotleanuppertorso.Donotpivot.

Do not drop hands. Both arms will remain in originalpositionduringtheentiretechnique.

Maintainbalancewithleftlegthroughouttechnique.

Donotletrightlegdroporfallaftertheimpact.Re-bendand lift knee, then place right leg behind you inMuayThaistance.

You have the option of not pivoting and staying stationary, ornot pivoting and using the forward momentum during thetechniquetoslide the left foot forward fordistanceandadded

momentum.

Theshortfootjabcanbeusedtopushtocreatedistance,stopopponent’s forward momentum, disrupt opponent’s techniquebypushingoffbalance,orstrike,ifinrange.

Target on opponent can be the chest, stomach, waist, hips,upperlegs,orhead.

LONGKNEE(LEFT)Theleftlongkneeisapowerstrike.

From Muay Thai stance, step one full step straight forwardwithrightrearleg.

Pivottotherightonballofrightfoot.

Right foot will raise right heel during the strike and becompletelyonballofrightfoot.

Lift and bend left knee while thrusting it forward directly attarget.

Leftfootwillpointtoesdown.(Fig.81)

While pivoting, turn left hip and left side of torso towardopponenttoaleftlinearposition.

Maintainbalancewithrightlegthroughouttechnique.

Throw left arm behind left leg during the strike for addedmomentum.

Rollleftshoulderintoleftsideoffaceforcoverageofleftcheekandchin.

Moverightarmtotheleftacrosscenterlineagainstleftcheekforfurthercoverageofleftcheekandchin.(Fig.82)

Strikewithkneecap.

After the strike, place left legbehind youand stepbackwithrightleginMuayThaistance.

Theleftlongkneealsocanbedonefromaswitchstep.

LONGKNEE(RIGHT)

Therightlongkneeisapowerstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,shift100%ofweighttoleftleg.

Pivottotheleftonballofleftfoot.

Leftfootwillraiseleftheelduringthestrikeandbecompletelyonballofleftfoot.

Liftandbendrightkneewhilethrusting it forwarddirectlyattarget.

Rightfootwillpointtoesdown.(Fig.83)

While pivoting, turn right hip and right side of torso towardopponenttoarightlinearposition.

Maintainbalancewithleftlegthroughouttechnique.

Throw right armbehind right legduring the strike for added

momentum.

Rollrightshoulderintorightsideoffaceforcoverageofrightcheekandchin.

Moveleftarmtotherightacrosscenterlineagainstrightcheekforfurthercoverageofrightcheekandchin.(Fig.84)

Strikewithkneecap.

After the strike, place right leg behind you in Muay Thaistance.

Therightlongkneealsocanbedonefromastutterstep.

JUMPFLYKNEE(LEFT)

Theleft jumpflyknee isapowerstrikeandusedtoclosethedistancebetweenyouandthetargetwhilestrikingwithaddedmomentum.

Jumpforwardandupbypushingoffrightleg.

Theimpactpointwillbeatthepeakofthejump.(Fig.86)

Theleftjumpflykneeisessentiallyaleftlongknee.

Bendleftkneewhilethrustingitforwarddirectlyattarget.

Leftfootwillpointtoesdown.

Turn left hip and left side of torso toward opponent to a leftlinearposition.

Throw left arm behind left leg during the strike for addedmomentum.

Rollleftshoulderintoleftsideoffaceforcoverageofleftcheekandchin.

Moverightarmtotheleftacrosscenterlineagainstleftcheekforfurthercoverageofleftcheekandchin.(Fig.87)

Strikewithkneecap.

Landonrightleg.

JUMPFLYKNEE(RIGHT)Therightjumpflykneeisapowerstrikeandusedtoclosethedistancebetweenyouandthetargetwhilestrikingwithaddedmomentum.

FromMuay Thai stance, stutter step—Lean forward placing100%ofweightonleftleadleg.

Maintainingfullbalancewithleftleadleg,moverightrearlegonefullstepforwardslightlyofftheground,butdonottouchthe right foot down, then quickly switch both feet withoutmovingforward.Keep100%ofweightonleftleadlegandbendleftknee.(Fig.88)

Jumpforwardandupbypushingoffleftleg.

Theimpactpointwillbeatthepeakofthejump.(Fig.89)

Therightjumpflykneeisessentiallyarightlongknee.

Bendrightkneewhilethrustingitforwarddirectlyattarget.

Rightfootwillpointtoesdown.

Turn right hip and right side of torso toward opponent to arightlinearposition.

Throw right armbehind right legduring the strike for addedmomentum. Roll right shoulder into right side of face forcoverageofrightcheekandchin.

Moveleftarmtotherightacrosscenterlineagainstrightcheekforfurthercoverageofrightcheekandchin.(Fig.90)

Strikewithkneecap.

Landonleftleg.

UPPERBODYDEFENSES

PARRY(LEFT)

PARRY(RIGHT)

COVERHIGH(LEFT)

COVERHIGH(RIGHT)

COVERLOWOUTSIDE(LEFT)

COVERLOWOUTSIDE(RIGHT)

COVERLOWINSIDE(LEFT)

COVERLOWINSIDE(RIGHT)

CUP/CATCH(LEFT)

CUP/CATCH(RIGHT)

SLIP(LEFT)

SLIP(RIGHT)

BOBANDWEAVE(LEFT)

BOBANDWEAVE(RIGHT)

SHOULDERSTOP(LEFT)

SHOULDERSTOP(RIGHT)

STRAIGHTKNEE#1

STRAIGHTKNEE#2

ELBOWJAM(LEFT)

ELBOWJAM(RIGHT)

PUSH(LEFT)

PUSH(RIGHT)

RETREATANDADVANCE

BACKWARDSRETREAT

PARRY(LEFT)Theleftparryisaquickdefenseagainstacross.

FromMuayThaistance,openlefthandandusepalmtobumpopponent’srightcrosstotherightslightlypastcenterline.

Drop right hand slightly out of theway of the left parry andturnrightshoulderforwardagainstrightcheekforcoverageofrightcheekandchin.

Slightlymoveheadtotheleftduringtheparry.(Fig.91)

Donotreach.Waitforopponent’srightcrosstoenterintotherangeoftheparry.

ImmediatelyreturntoMuayThaistance.

The left parry can be done from any direction of movementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

PARRY(RIGHT)

Therightparryisaquickdefenseagainstajab.

FromMuayThaistance,openrighthandandusepalmtobumpopponent’sjabtotheleftslightlypastcenterline.

Drop left hand slightly out of theway of the right parry andturn left shoulder forward against left cheek for coverage ofleftcheekandchin.

Slightlymoveheadtotherightduringtheparry.(Fig.92)

Donotreach.Waitforopponent’sjabtoenterintotherangeoftheparry.ImmediatelyreturntoMuayThaistance.

The right parry can be done from any direction ofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

COVERHIGH(LEFT)Theleftcoverhighisadefenseagainsthighattackstothecenterandleftsideofthehead.

From Muay Thai stance, lift left elbow up to eye-level andslightlytotheright,lininguppointofleftelbowoncenterline.

Keepleftarmintightcontactwithleftsideofhead.

Coverleftearwithleftfist.

Movelateralrightduringthecovertoreducetheimpactofthestrike.

Aftertheimpact,returntoMuayThaistance.

The left cover high can be used to defend against opponent’scross,righthook,righthorizontalelbow,rightdownelbow,rightupelbow,highrightroundkick,highrightanglekick,andhighshortfootjab.

Theleftcoverhighalsocanbedonefromastationarystanceorany direction of movement depending on distance and

positioningwithopponent.

COVERHIGH(RIGHT)The right cover high is a defense against high attacks to thecenterandrightsideofthehead.

FromMuay Thai stance, lift right elbow up to eye-level andslightlytotheleft,lininguppointofrightelbowoncenterline.

Keeprightarmintightcontactwithrightsideofhead.

Coverrightearwithrightfist.

Movelateral leftduringthecovertoreducetheimpactofthestrike.Aftertheimpact,returntoMuayThaistance.

Therightcoverhighcanbeusedtodefendagainstopponent’sjab, left hook, left horizontal elbow, left down elbow, left upelbow,high left roundkick,high left anglekick, andhigh longfootjab.

Therightcoverhighalsocanbedonefromastationarystanceor any direction of movement depending on distance andpositioningwithopponent.

COVERLOWOUTSIDE(LEFT)The left cover lowoutside is a defense against attacks to theleftsideofthetorso.

From Muay Thai stance, tilt upper body to the left by“crunching”leftsideoftorso.

Moveleftelbowintightagainstleftsideoftorso.

Keepfistsateye-levelandmoveagainstcheeksforcoverageofcheeksandchin.(Fig.95)

Movelateralrightduringthecovertoreducetheimpactofthestrike.

The left cover low outside can be used to defend againstopponent’s right lowhook,mid-right round kick, andmid-rightanglekick.

The left cover lowoutside also canbedone froma stationarystanceoranydirectionofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

COVERLOWOUTSIDE(RIGHT)Therightcoverlowoutsideisadefenseagainstattackstothe

rightsideofthetorso.

From Muay Thai stance, tilt upper body to the right by“crunching”rightsideoftorso.

Moverightelbowintightagainstrightsideoftorso.

Keepfistsateye-levelandmoveagainstcheeksforcoverageofcheeksandchin.(Fig.96)

Movelateral leftduringthecovertoreducetheimpactofthestrike.

The right cover low outside can be used to defend againstopponent’sleftlowhook,mid-leftroundkick,andmid-leftanglekick.

Therightcoverlowoutsidealsocanbedonefromastationarystanceoranydirectionofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

COVERLOWINSIDE(LEFT)The left cover low inside is a defense against attacks to thefrontmidsection.

FromMuayThaistance,moveleftelbowtotherightandalignfistandelbowverticaloncenterline.Rotateleftfistsopalmisfacingyou.Moverighthandagainstrightcheekforcoverageofrightcheekandchin.

“Crunch” midsection. Move left shoulder forward and dropslightly.

Keepleftelbowtightagainstyourbody.

Keepbothfistsateye-level.(Fig.97)

Retreatduringthecovertoreducetheimpactofthestrike.

The left cover low inside can be used to defend againstopponent’s low cross, long foot jab, short foot jab, left longknee,andrightlongknee.

The left cover low inside also can be done from a stationarystanceoranydirectionofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

COVERLOWINSIDE(RIGHT)The rightcover low inside isadefenseagainstattacks to thefrontmidsection.

FromMuayThaistance,moverightelbowtotheleftandalignfistandelbowverticaloncenterline.Rotaterightfistsopalmisfacing you.Move left hand against left cheek for coverage ofleftcheekandchin.

“Crunch” midsection. Move right shoulder forward and dropslightly.

Keeprightelbowtightagainstyourbody.

Keepbothfistsateye-level.(Fig.98)

Retreatduringthecovertoreducetheimpactofthestrike.

The right cover low inside can be used to defend againstopponent’slowjab,longfootjab,shortfootjab,leftlongknee,

andrightlongknee.

The right cover low inside also canbedone froma stationarystanceoranydirectionofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

CUP/CATCH(LEFT)Theleftcup/catchisadefenseagainstthejaborcrossandcanbealteredasadefenseagainstuppercuts.

FromMuay Thai stance, open left fist and rotate palm away,slightly“cupping”hand.

Moveleftpalmslightlyforwardoncenterlineinfrontoffacetoslapthestrikeandabsorbtheimpact.

Donotgrab.

Donot reach.Wait for opponent’s cross or jab to enterintotherangeofthecup/catch.

Keepbothhandsateye-level.

Rightarmstaysinoriginalposition.(Fig.99)

Retreatduringthecup/catchtoreducetheimpactofthestrike.

The left cup catch also can be altered as a defense againstopponent’s right uppercut. FromMuay Thai stance, rotate leftarmhorizontal to the right.During rotation, open left fistwithpalm facing down and slightly “cup” hand. Slap the strike toabsorbtheimpactbelowchinoncenterline.Donotdropelbows.Donotrotatehand.(Fig.100)

Theleftcup/catchcanbealsodonefromastationarystanceorany direction of movement depending on distance andpositioningwithopponent.

CUP/CATCH(RIGHT)The right cup/catch is a defense against the jab or cross andcanbealteredasadefenseagainstuppercuts.

FromMuayThaistance,openrightfistandrotatepalmaway,slightly“cupping”hand.

Moverightpalmslightlyforwardoncenterlineinfrontoffacetoslapthestrikeandabsorbtheimpact.

Donotgrab.

Donot reach.Wait for opponent’s cross or jab to enterintotherangeofthecup/catch.

Keepbothhandsateye-level.

Leftarmstaysinoriginalposition.(Fig.101)

Retreatduringthecup/catchtoreducetheimpactofthestrike.

Therightcupcatchalsocanbealteredasadefenseagainstanopponent’s left uppercut. FromMuay Thai stance, rotate rightarmhorizontal to the left.During rotation, open right fistwithpalm facing down and slightly “cup” hand. Slap the strike toabsorbtheimpactbelowchinoncenterline.Donotdropelbows.Donotrotatehand.(Fig.102)

Therightcup/catchalsocanbedone fromastationarystanceor any direction of movement depending on distance andpositioningwithopponent.

SLIP(LEFT)Theleftslipisadefenseagainstthejaborcross.

FromMuayThai stance, step left lead leg forwardand to theleftinadiagonallineclosetoopponent.Drop80%ofweightonleftleadlegandbendbothkneesduringsteptodropeye-level.Rightlegwillfollow.(Fig.103)

Move head to the left slightly off centerline soopponent’sstrikegrazesoffrightsideofforehead.

Moverightshoulderslightlyforwardduringthestepandmoverightelbowintightagainstthebody.

Keep both fists at eye-level and move against cheeks forcoverageofcheeksandchin.(Fig.104)

After the slip, you have the option of striking or returning toMuayThaistance,dependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

The direction of the slip depends on desired positioning toopponent.

Theleftslipalsocanbedonefromastationarystance,forwardadvance movement, or left lateral movement depending ondesireddistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

SLIP(RIGHT)Therightslipisadefenseagainstthejaborcross.

From Muay Thai stance, step right rear leg one full stepforwardandto theright inadiagonal lineclose toopponent.Drop80%ofweighton right legandbendbothkneesduring

step to drop eye-level. Left leg will follow and return to leftleadpositionfacingopponent.(Fig.105)

Move head to the right slightly off centerline soopponent’sstrikegrazesoffleftsideofforehead.

Move left shoulderslightly forwardduring thestepandmoveleftelbowintightagainstthebody.Keepbothfistsateye-levelandmoveagainstcheeksforcoverageofcheeksandchin.(Fig.106)

After the slip, you have the option of striking or returning toMuayThaistance,dependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

The direction of the slip depends on desired positioning toopponent.

Therightslipalsocanbedonefromastationarystance,forwardadvance movement, or right lateral movement depending ondesireddistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

DUCKTheduckisadefenseagainstmostattackstothehead.

FromMuayThaistance,dropeye-levelbybendingbothkneessubstantially.

Botharmswillmoveinandmaketightcontactwitheachotheroncenterline.

Rotatefistssopalmsfaceyou.

Bothfistsareeye-levelforcoverageofcheeksandchin.

“Crunch”midsectiontoallowmorecoveragefromelbows.(Fig.107)

Theduckcanbeusedtodefendagainstopponent’s jab,cross,left hook, right hook, left horizontal elbow, right horizontalelbow,highrightroundkick,andhighleftroundkick.

Theduckalsocanbedonefromaretreatoradvancemovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

BOBANDWEAVE(LEFT)Theleftbobandweaveisadefenseagainsthighattackstothecenterandleftsideofthehead.

From Muay Thai stance, move both arms in and make tightcontactwiththebodyandeachotheroncenterline.

Rotate fists so palms face you and make tight contact withcheeks.

Dropeye-levelbybendingbothkneessubstantially.

Dipupperbodyfromwaistupandmovetotheleftcreatinganarcmotionslightlyundertheincomingstrike.(Fig.108)

Donotstep.

“Crunch” midsection at lowest point of arc to allow more

coveragefromelbows.

Standbackuptooriginaleye-level.(Fig.109)

The left bob and weave can be used to defend againstopponent’sjab,cross,righthook,andrighthorizontalelbow.

The leftbobandweavecanalsobedone fromanadvanceorleft lateral movement depending on distance and positioningwithopponent.

BOBANDWEAVE(RIGHT)The rightbobandweave is adefenseagainsthighattacks tothecenterandrightsideofthehead.

From Muay Thai stance, move both arms in and make tightcontactwiththebodyandeachotheroncenterline.

Rotate fists so palms face you and make tight contact with

cheeks.

Dropeye-levelbybendingbothkneessubstantially.

Dipupperbody fromwaistupandmove to therightcreatinganarcmotionslightlyundertheincomingstrike.(Fig.110)

Donotstep.

“Crunch” midsection at lowest point of arc to allow morecoveragefromelbows.

Standbackuptooriginaleye-level.(Fig.111)

The right bob and weave can be used to defend againstopponent’sjab,cross,lefthook,andlefthorizontalelbow.

Therightbobandweavecanalsobedonefromanadvanceorright lateralmovementdepending on distance and positioningwithopponent.

SHOULDERSTOP(LEFT)Theleftshoulderstopisadefenseagainstthecrossandrighthook.

From Muay Thai stance, open left fist with palm towardopponent,slightly“cup”lefthandandshootquicklyateye-levelinadirectlinetoopponent’srightshoulder.

Moverightfistagainstrightcheekforcoverageofrightcheek

andchin.(Fig.112)

The left shoulder stop is used to disrupt opponent’s cross orrighthookbystoppingopponent’srightshoulderfrommovingforwardduringthestrike.

Donotgrab.

The left shoulder stop can also be done from any direction ofmovement depending on distance and positioning withopponent.

SHOULDERSTOP(RIGHT)Therightshoulderstopisadefenseagainstthelefthook.

From Muay Thai stance, open right fist with palm towardopponent, slightly “cup” right hand and shoot quickly at eye-levelinadirectlinetoopponent’sleftshoulder.

Therightshoulderstopisusedtodisruptopponent’slefthookby stopping opponent’s left shoulder from moving forwardduringthestrike.

Donotgrab.

Therightshoulderstopalsocanbedonefromanydirectionofmovement depending on distance and positioning withopponent.

STRAIGHTKNEE#1The straight knee #1 is a defense used in reaction to anopponent’sunexpected right cross and includes a follow-upstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,leanforwardandshift100%ofweighttoleftleadleg.

Throwleftarmstraightforwardateye-level,openleftfistand“cup”hand.Bend left elbow to swipeopponent’s cross to therightoffcenterlinebyswipingoutsideofopponent’sarm.

Right hand shoots immediately over left arm and from theoutsideofopponent’srightarmstraightforwardtoopponent’srightshoulder.Openand“cup”righthand.(Fig.114)

From thisposition, pull opponent into the strikewithaquickbumptoopponent’srightshoulderusingrightarm.

Do not grab, only cup right hand and bump opponenttowardyouduringthestrike.

Lift and bend right knee while quickly thrusting it forwarddirectlyattarget.

Donotpivot.(Fig.115)

Keepbothelbowsateye-levelduringthestrike.

Strikewithkneecap.

STRAIGHTKNEE#2The straight knee #2 is a defense against opponent’s rightcrossandincludesafollow-upstrike.

From Muay Thai stance, use both arms to swipe opponent’s

cross to the right off centerline by swiping outside ofopponent’sentirearmdowntowardyourrighthip.Openbothfistsand“cup”hands.

Donotgrab.

Use the swiping of opponent’s entire arm to keep opponent’sforward momentum and draw opponent into the strike. (Fig.116)

Shift100%ofweighttoleftleadleg.

Lift and bend right knee while quickly thrusting it forwarddirectlyattarget.

Donotpivot.(Fig.117)

Strikewithkneecap.

ELBOWJAM(LEFT)The left elbow jam is a defense against opponent’s righthorizontal,rightdown,andrightupelbow.

FromMuay Thai stance, move left forearm forward, keepingleft elbow bent and not dropping the level. Left forearmwillmakecontactwithopponent’srightforearmduringopponent’sstrike. Slide up opponent’s right forearm in a direct line toopponent’s right shoulder and chest.Open left fistwith palmtowardopponentand“cup”lefthand.Leftforearmwillendupflushagainstopponent’srightshoulderandchest.

Moverightfistagainstrightcheekforcoverageofrightcheekandchin.(Fig.118-119)

For opponent’s right downelbow, youmayhave to adjust theleftarmtomakeinitialcontactwithopponent’sforearm.

Aftertheleftelbowjam,youhavetheoptiontostrikefromthenewdistance and position, go into a plum/clinch or return toMuayThaistance.

Theleftelbowjamisusedtodisruptopponent’srightelbowbyblockingthelineofattackandstoppingopponent’srightelbowfrommovingforwardduringthestrike.

Donotgrab.

The left elbow jam also can be done from any direction ofmovement depending on distance and positioning withopponent.

ELBOWJAM(RIGHT)The right elbow jam is a defense against opponent’s lefthorizontal,leftdown,andleftupelbow.

FromMuayThaistance,moveright forearmforward,keepingrightelbowbentandnotdroppingthelevel.Rightforearmwillmake contactwith opponent’s left forearm during opponent’sstrike. Slide up opponent’s left forearm in a direct line toopponent’s left shoulder and chest.Open right fistwith palmtowardopponentand“cup”righthand.Rightforearmwillendupflushagainstopponent’sleftshoulderandchest.

Moveleftfistagainstleftcheekforcoverageofleftcheekandchin.(Fig.120-121)

For opponent’s left down elbow, you may have to adjust therightarmtomakeinitialcontactwithopponent’sforearm.

After the right elbow jam, youhave the option to strike fromthenewdistanceandposition,gointoaplum/clinchorreturntoMuayThaistance.

Therightelbowjamisusedtodisruptopponent’sleftelbowbyblockingthe lineofattackandstoppingopponent’s leftelbowfrommovingforwardduringthestrike.

Donotgrab.

The right elbow jam also can be done from any direction ofmovement depending on distance and positioning withopponent.

PUSH(LEFT)Theleftpushisusedtocreatedistanceanddisruptopponent’sstrikes.

From Muay Thai stance, open left fist with palm towardopponent and “cup” left hand. Thrust hand at eye-level in adirect line toopponent’s chest andpushopponentbackwardsusingleftpalm.

Moverightlegonestepforwardandtotheright.Drop80%ofweightontorightlegandusethestepforaddedmomentum.

The left push is used to create distance, stop opponent’sforward momentum, and disrupt opponent’s technique bypushingoffbalance.

Donotgrab.

The leftpushcanbeusedtodefendagainstopponent’scross,right hook, right horizontal elbow, right down elbow, right upelbow,andhighormid-rightroundkick.

Theleftpushalsocanbedonefromanydirectionofmovementdependingondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

PUSH(RIGHT)The right push is used to create distance and disruptopponent’sstrikes.

From Muay Thai stance, open right fist with palm towardopponent and “cup” right hand. Thrust handat eye-level in adirect line toopponent’s chest andpushopponentbackwardsusingrightpalm.

Move left leg one step forward and to the left. Drop 80% ofweightontoleftlegandusethestepforaddedmomentum.

The right push is used to create distance, stop opponent’sforward momentum, and disrupt opponent’s technique bypushingoffbalance.

Donotgrab.

The right push can be used to defend against opponent’s lefthook, lefthorizontalelbow, leftdownelbow, leftupelbow,andhighormid-leftroundkick.

The right push also can be done from any direction ofmovement depending on distance and positioning withopponent.

RETREATANDADVANCEThe retreat and advance is a defense against upper body

strikes.

The retreat and advance is a combination of twomovements:thebackwardsretreatandtheforwardadvance.

FromMuayThaistance,retreatoutofopponent’sstrikerangebyquicklysteppingbackwardswithrightrearlegandpushingbackwardswithleftleadleg.Leftleadlegwill followtoMuayThaistance.

After full extension of opponent’s strike, immediatelystep forward with left lead leg and push forward withrightrearleg.RightrearlegwillfollowandendinMuayThaistance.

The retreat and advance can be used to defend against anyupperbodystrikebyavoidingthestrikeandreturningtoMuayThaistanceatoriginaldistancefromopponentforafollow-upattack.

BACKWARDSRETREATThebackwardsretreatcanbeusedasadefenseagainstupperbodystrikes.

FromMuayThaistance,retreatoutofopponent’sstrikerangebyquicklysteppingbackwardswithrightrearlegandpushingbackwardswithleft leadleg.Left leadlegwill followandendinMuayThaistance.

Thebackwardsretreatcanbeusedtodefendagainstanyupperbodystrikebyavoidingthestrike.

LOWERBODYDEFENSES

LEADLEGSHIELD

CROSSSHIELD

SWEEP/PARRYLEFTROUNDKICK

SWEEP/PARRYRIGHTROUNDKICK

PARRYLONGFOOTJABINSIDE

PARRYLONGFOOTJABOUTSIDE

PARRYSHORTFOOTJABINSIDE

PARRYSHORTFOOTJABOUTSIDE

PARRYLEFTLONGKNEEINSIDE

PARRYLEFTLONGKNEEOUTSIDE

PARRYRIGHTLONGKNEEINSIDE

PARRYRIGHTLONGKNEEOUTSIDE

LEFTANGLEEVADEKICK

RIGHTANGLEEVADEKICK

CATCHKICK(LEFT)

CATCHKICK(RIGHT)

RETREATANDADVANCE

BACKWARDSRETREAT

LEADLEGSHIELDTheleadlegshieldisadefenseagainstopponent’smidorlowkicks.

FromMuayThai stance,move left and right fist againstbothcheeks for coverage of cheeks and chin. Angle left elbowoutslightlytotheleftawayfromthebody.“Crunch”midsectiontolowerthelevelofbothelbows.

Shift100%ofweighttorightleg.Rightfootwillbeflatfooted.

Bendleftknee,liftleftlegupandangleshinoutslightlytothelefttowardopponent’skick.Raisekneetomeetwithinsideofleftelbow.

Angleleftfootuptoflexandtightenmusclesaroundshinarea.(Fig.124)

Maintainbalancewithrightleg.

Take the impact from the strikeon shinareaof left leg. (Fig.125)

After the impact, set left leg down in original position andreturntoMuayThaistance.

Youcanadjusttheangleandleveloftheshieldtoensurecontactwiththestrikeontheshinarea.

Theleadlegshieldisusedtoblockmidorlowkickstoyourleftsideandkeepyourposition/distancewithopponent.

The lead leg shield canbeused to defendagainst opponent’smid or low right round kick, mid or low right angle kick, andrightcutkick.

The lead leg shield also can be done from a retreat or right

linear movement depending on distance and positioning withopponent.

CROSSSHIELDThe cross shield is a defense against opponent’smid-level orlowlevelleftroundkick.

FromMuayThai stance,move left and right fist againstbothcheeks for coverage of cheeks and chin and “crunch”midsectiontolowerthelevelofbothelbows.

Shift100%ofweighttorightleg.Rightfootwillbeflatfooted.

Bend leftknee, lift left legupandmove it to therightacrossthebody.Kneewillmeetwith insideofrightelbow.Angle leftshinout.

Angleleftfootuptoflexandtightenmusclesaroundshinarea.(Fig.126)

Maintainbalancewithrightleg.

Take the impact from the strikeon shinareaof left leg. (Fig.127)

After the impact, set left leg down in original position andreturntoMuayThaistance.

Youcanadjusttheangleandleveloftheshieldtoensurecontactwiththestrikeontheshinarea.

Thecrossshieldisusedtoblockmidorlowkickstoyourrightsideandkeepyourposition/distancewithopponent.

Thecrossshieldcanbeusedtodefendagainstopponent’smidor low left round kick,mid or low left angle kick, and left cutkick.

Thecrossshieldalsocanbedonefromaretreatorrightlinearmovement depending on distance and positioning withopponent.

SWEEP/PARRYLEFTROUNDKICKThesweep/parryleftroundkickisadefenseagainstopponent’smid-leftroundkick.

From Muay Thai stance, retreat out of range by quicklysteppingbackwardswithrightrearlegandpushingbackwardswithleftleadleg.Leftleadlegwillfollow.

Open left fist, “cup”hand,andwith leftarm,makeacircularmotionclockwisebehindopponent’s leftkick.Keep leftelbowatoriginallevelthroughoutthetechnique.Lefthandwillmakecontact behind opponent’s left kick. Once left hand makescontact,cup/hookhandandpassopponent’sleftkicktotheleftpastyourbodyandreturnleftarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Donotreach.Waitforthestriketocomeintotherangeofthesweep/parry.

Duringthesweep/parry,moverightfistagainstrightcheekforcoverage of right cheek and chin. Move right elbow in tightagainstthebodyforcoverageofrighttorso.(Fig.128)

After opponent’s left kick is past the body, immediately stepforwardwithleftleadlegandpushforwardwithrightrearleg.Rightrearlegwillfollow.

Return to Muay Thai stance with original distance fromopponent.

SWEEP/PARRY RIGHT ROUNDKICKThe sweep/parry right round kick is a defense againstopponent’smid-rightroundkick.

From Muay Thai stance, retreat out of range by quicklysteppingbackwardswithrightrearlegandpushingbackwardswithleftleadleg.Leftleadlegwillfollow.

Openrightfist,“cup”handandwithrightarm,makeacircularmotion counterclockwise behind opponent’s right kick. Keepright elbow at original level throughout the technique. Righthand will make contact behind opponent’s right kick. Oncerighthandmakescontact,cup/hookhandandpassopponent’srightkicktotherightpastyourbodyandreturnrightarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Donotreach.Waitforthestriketocomeintotherangeofthesweep/parry.

During the sweep/parry, move left fist against left cheek forcoverage of left cheek and chin. Move left elbow in tightagainstthebodyforcoverageoflefttorso.(Fig.129)

Afteropponent’s rightkick ispast thebody, immediately stepforwardwithleftleadlegandpushforwardwithrightrearleg.

Return to Muay Thai stance with original distance fromopponent.

PARRYLONGFOOTJABINSIDETheparry longfoot jab inside isadefenseagainstopponent’slongfootjab.

FromMuayThaistance,moverightlateralbysteppingdirectlyto the rightwith right rear leg andpushing to the rightwithleftleadleg.Leftleadlegwillfollow.

Open left fist, “cup”hand,andwith leftarm,makeacircularmotionclockwise.Keepleftelbowatoriginal level throughoutthe technique. Left hand or forearmwillmake contact to theoutsideofopponent’slongfootjab(theleftsideofopponent’sleft leg). Once left hand or forearmmakes contact, cup/hookhand and pass opponent’s long foot jab to the left past yourbodyandreturnleftarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Donotreach.Waitforthestriketocomeintotherangeoftheparry.

During the parry, move right fist against right cheek forcoverage of right cheek and chin. Move right elbow in tightagainstthebodyforcoverageofrighttorso.(Fig.130)

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoarightlinearposition,ifneeded(toavoidopponent’sfootjabmakingcontactwith the body). After the pass, immediately square off upperbody.

Theparrylongfootjabinsideallowsyoutodefendagainstthelongfootjabandpositionyourselftotheoutsideofopponent.

Theparrylongfootjabinsidealsocanbedonefromaretreatorretreat and advance movement depending on distance andpositioningwithopponent.

PARRYLONGFOOTJABOUTSIDE

Theparrylongfootjaboutsideisadefenseagainstopponent’slongfootjab.

FromMuayThaistance,moveleft lateralbysteppingdirectlytotheleftwithleft lead legandpushingtothe leftwithrightrearleg.Rightrearlegwillfollow.

Open right fist, “cup” hand, and with right arm, make acircularmotioncounterclockwise.Keeprightelbowatoriginallevel throughout the technique. Right hand or forearm willmake contact to the inside of opponent’s long foot jab (theright sideof opponent’s left leg).Once righthandor forearmmakes contact, cup/hook hand and pass opponent’s long footjabtotherightpastyourbodyandreturnrightarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Duringtheparry,moveleftfistagainstleftcheekforcoverageofleftcheekandchin.Moveleftelbowintightagainstthebodyforcoverageoflefttorso.(Fig.131)

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoaleft linearposition,ifneeded(toavoidopponent’sfootjabmakingcontactwith the body). After the pass, immediately square off upperbody.

Theparrylongfootjaboutsideallowsyoutodefendagainstthelongfootjabandpositionyourselftotheinsideofopponent.

Theparrylongfootjaboutsidealsocanbedonefromaretreator retreatandadvancemovement depending ondistance andpositioningwithopponent.

PARRYSHORTFOOTJABINSIDETheparryshortfootjabinsideisadefenseagainstopponent’s

shortfootjab.

Open right fist, “cup” hand, and with right arm, make acircularmotioncounterclockwise.Keeprightelbowatoriginallevel throughout the technique. Right hand or forearm willmake contact to the outside of opponent’s short foot jab (therightsideofopponent’srightleg).Oncerighthandorforearmmakescontact, cup/hookhandandpassopponent’sshort footjabtotherightpastyourbodyandreturnrightarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoaleft linearposition,ifneeded(toavoidopponent’sfootjabmakingcontactwith the body). After the pass, immediately square off upperbody.

Theparryshortfootjabinsideallowsyoutodefendagainsttheshortfootjabandpositionyourselftotheoutsideofopponent.

Theparryshortfootjabinsidealsocanbedonefromaretreator retreatandadvancemovement depending ondistance andpositioningwithopponent.

PARRY SHORT FOOT JAB

OUTSIDETheparryshortfootjaboutsideisadefenseagainstopponent’sshortfootjab.

Open left fist, “cup”hand,andwith leftarm,makeacircularmotionclockwise.Keepleftelbowatoriginal level throughoutthe technique. Left hand or forearmwillmake contact to theinsideofopponent’sshortfootjab(theleftsideofopponent’srightleg).Oncelefthandorforearmmakescontact,cup/hookhand andpass opponent’s short foot jab to the leftpast yourbodyandreturnleftarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoarightlinearposition,ifneeded(toavoidopponent’sfootjabmakingcontactwith the body). After the pass, immediately square off upperbody.

Theparry short foot jab outside allows you to defend againstthe short foot jab and position yourself to the inside ofopponent.

Theparryshortfootjaboutsidealsocanbedonefromaretreator retreatandadvancemovement depending ondistance andpositioningwithopponent.

PARRYLEFTLONGKNEEINSIDETheparryleftlongkneeinsideisadefenseagainstopponent’sleftlongknee.

Open left fist, “cup”hand,andwith leftarm,makeacircularmotionclockwise.Keepleftelbowatoriginal level throughoutthe technique. Left hand or forearmwillmake contact to theoutside of opponent’s left knee (the left side of opponent’sknee).Oncelefthandorforearmmakescontact,cup/hookhandand pass opponent’s left knee to the left past your body andreturnleftarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoarightlinearposition, if needed (to avoid opponent’s left knee makingcontactwith thebody).After thepass, immediatelysquareoffupperbody.

Theparryleftlongkneeinsideallowsyoutodefendagainsttheleftlongkneeandpositionyourselftotheoutsideofopponent.

Theparryleftlongkneeinsidealsocanbedonefromaretreator retreatandadvancemovement depending ondistance andpositioningwithopponent.

PARRY LEFT LONG KNEE

OUTSIDEThe parry left long knee outside is a defense againstopponent’sleftlongknee.

Open right fist, “cup” hand, and with right arm, make acircularmotioncounterclockwise.Keeprightelbowatoriginallevel throughout the technique. Right hand or forearm willmake contact to the inside of opponent’s left knee (the rightside of opponent’s left knee). Once right hand or forearmmakescontact,cup/hookhandandpassopponent’sleftkneetothe right past your body and return right arm to originalposition.

Donotgrab.

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoaleft linearposition, if needed (to avoid opponent’s left knee makingcontactwith thebody).After thepass, immediatelysquareoffupperbody.

Theparry left longkneeoutsideallowsyou todefendagainstthe left long knee and position yourself to the inside ofopponent.

Theparryleftlongkneeoutsidealsocanbedonefromaretreator retreatandadvancemovement depending ondistance andpositioningwithopponent.

PARRY RIGHT LONG KNEE

INSIDEThe parry right long knee inside is a defense againstopponent’srightlongknee.

Open right fist, “cup” hand, and with right arm, make acircularmotioncounterclockwise.Keeprightelbowatoriginallevel throughout the technique. Right hand or forearm willmakecontacttotheoutsideofopponent’srightknee(therightside of opponent’s right leg). Once right hand or forearmmakescontact,cup/hookhandandpassopponent’srightkneeto the right past your body and return right arm to originalposition.

Donotgrab.

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoaleft linearposition, if needed (to avoid opponent’s right knee makingcontactwith thebody).After thepass, immediatelysquareoffupperbody.

Theparryright longknee insideallowsyou todefendagainstthe right long knee and position yourself to the outside ofopponent.

Theparryrightlongkneeinsidealsocanbedonefromaretreator retreatandadvancemovement depending ondistance andpositioningwithopponent.

PARRY RIGHT LONG KNEE

OUTSIDEThe parry right long knee outside is a defense againstopponent’srightlongknee.

Open left fist, “cup”hand,andwith leftarm,makeacircularmotionclockwise.Keepleftelbowatoriginal level throughoutthe technique. Left hand or forearmwillmake contact to theinsideofopponent’srightknee(theleftsideofopponent’srightknee).Oncelefthandorforearmmakescontact,cup/hookhandandpassopponent’srightkneetothe leftpastyourbodyandreturnleftarmtooriginalposition.

Donotgrab.

Duringtheparry,youmaytwisttheupperbodytoarightlinearposition, if needed (to avoid opponent’s right knee makingcontactwith thebody).After thepass, immediatelysquareoffupperbody.

Theparryrightlongkneeoutsideallowsyoutodefendagainstthe right long knee and position yourself to the inside ofopponent.

The parry right long knee outside also can be done from aretreat or retreat and advance movement depending ondistanceandpositioningwithopponent.

LEFTANGLEEVADEKICKThe left angleevadekick is adefenseagainst opponent’s leftroundkickandincludesafollow-upstrike.

FromMuay Thai stance, evade opponent’s left round kick bysteppingleftleadlegforwardandtotheleftatanangle.Rightlegwill immediately followthesameangleas the left legandwilltaketheplaceofleftleg(i.e.,switchfeetinthesamespot),dropping100%ofweighttorightleg.

Donotplaceleftlegdown.(Fig.138)

Immediately pivot to the right on ball of right foot and leftround kick opponent’s right leg. Swing left leg forward andalignshinhorizontalandflushwithtarget.

Rotaterightarmsopalmfacesoutandmovetotheleftacrosscenterline and above eye line. Touch outer forearm acrossforehead for coverage. Throw left arm behind left leg duringthestrikeforaddedmomentum.

Strikewithleftshin.

Aftertheimpact,placeleft legbehindyouandstepbackwithrightlegtoreturntoMuayThaistanceatthenewdistanceandpositiontoopponent.

The left angle evadekick allows you to evade opponent’s leftroundkick,strikeopponent’srightleg(baselegofopponent’sleft round kick), and position yourself to the outside ofopponent.

RIGHTANGLEEVADEKICKThe right angle evade kick is a defense against opponent’srightroundkickandincludesafollow-upstrike.

FromMuayThaistance,evadeopponent’srightroundkickbystepping right rear leg forward and to the right at an angle.Leftlegwillimmediatelyfollowthesameangleasrightlegandwill take the place of right leg (i.e., switch feet in the samespot),dropping100%ofweighttoleftleg.

Donotplacerightlegdown.(Fig.139)

Immediatelypivottotheleftonballofleftfootandrightroundkickopponent’sleftleg.Swingrightlegforwardandalignshinhorizontalandflushwithtarget.

Rotateleftarmsopalmfacesoutandmovetotherightacrosscenterline and above eye line. Touch outer forearm acrossforeheadforcoverage.Throwrightarmbehindrightlegduringthestrikeforaddedmomentum.

Aftertheimpact,placerightlegbehindyoutoreturntoMuayThaistanceatthenewdistanceandpositiontoopponent.

Therightangleevadekickallowsyoutoevadeopponent’srightround kick, strike opponent’s left leg (base leg of opponent’sright round kick), and position yourself to the outside ofopponent.

CATCHKICK(LEFT)The left catch kick is a defense against opponent’smid rightroundkickormidrightanglekick.

FromMuay Thai stance, as opponent throws the right roundkick,moverightlateralbycompletelymovingyourentirebodypast your original center-line, stepping directly to the rightwithrightrearlegandpushingtotherightwithleft leadleg.Leftleadlegwillfollow.

Duringtherightlateralmovement,moveleftarmtotheleftina “swooping” motion counter-clockwise over and underopponent’srightleg.(Fig.140)

Trapopponent’sright legaroundtheankleor lowercalfareaandliftuptolockitintightagainstyourbody.

Do not grab opponent’s leg, only trap it with left arm.Leftpalmwillrestflushagainstchest.(Fig.141)

Duringthetrappingofopponent’srightleg,immediatelyshootright arm directly towards opponent’s right shoulder. Moveright shoulder forward into right side of face for coverage.Open right hand with palm toward opponent and pushopponent’srightshoulderornecktokeepopponentoffbalanceandmaintaindistance.(Fig.142)

From the catch kick position, you can sweep opponent, keepopponent off balance, or release the catch kick and follow-upwithanattack.

Theleftcatchkickallowsyoutotrapopponent’smid-levelrightroundkick,controlopponent’sbalance,andpositionopponentforfollow-upattacks.

CATCHKICK(RIGHT)The right catch kick is a defense against opponent’smid leftroundkickormidleftanglekick.

From Muay Thai stance, as opponent throws the left roundkick,move left lateralbycompletelymovingyourentirebodypastyouroriginalcenter-line,steppingdirectlytotheleftwithleft lead legandpushing to the leftwithright rear leg.Rightrearlegwillfollow.

Duringthe left lateralmovement,moverightarmtotherightin a “swooping”motion clockwise over and under opponent’sleftleg.(Fig.143)

Trap opponent’s left leg around the ankle or lower calf areaandliftuptolockitintightagainstyourbody.

Donotgrabthelegonlytrapitwithyourrightarm.Yourrightpalmwillrestflushagainstyourchest.(Fig.144)

During the trapping of opponent’s left leg, immediately shootleft arm directly towards opponent’s left shoulder. Move leftshoulder forward into leftsideof face forcoverage.Open lefthand with palm toward opponent and push opponent’s leftshoulder or neck to keep opponent off balance and maintaindistance.(Fig.145)

From the catch kick position, you can sweep opponent, keepopponent off balance, or release the catch kick and follow-upwithanattack.

Therightcatchkickallowsyoutotrapopponent’smid-levelleftroundkick,controlopponent’sbalance,andpositionopponentforfollow-upattacks.

RETREATANDADVANCEThe retreat and advance is a defense against lower bodystrikes.

The retreat and advance is a combination of twomovements:thebackwardsretreatandtheforwardadvance.

FromMuayThaistance,retreatoutofopponent’sstrikerangebyquicklysteppingbackwardswithrightrearlegandpushing

backwardswithleftleadleg.Leftleadlegwill followtoMuayThaistance.

After full extension of opponent’s strike, immediatelystep forward with left lead leg and push forward withrightrearleg.RightrearlegwillfollowandendinMuayThaistance.

The retreat and advance can be used to defend against anylowerbodystrikebyavoidingthestrikeandreturningtoMuayThaistanceatoriginaldistancefromopponentforafollow-upattack.

BACKWARDSRETREATThebackwardsretreatcanbeusedasadefenseagainstlowerbodystrikes.

FromMuayThaistance,retreatoutofopponent’sstrikerangebyquicklysteppingbackwardswithrightrearlegandpushingbackwardswithleft leadleg.Left leadlegwill followandendinMuayThaistance.

Thebackwardsretreatcanbeusedtodefendagainstanylowerbodystrikebyavoidingthestrike.

STRIKEDEFENSETABLES

UPPERBODYSTRIKE-DEFENSETABLE

LOWERBODYSTRIKE-DEFENSETABLE

Thestrike-defensetablesareonlyastandardguidethatmaybeadjustedtofityourneedsasyourtrainingprogresses.

UPPER BODY STRIKE-DEFENSETABLESTRIKE LEVEL DEFENSEJab High Parry(Right),CoverHigh(Right),Cup/Catch(Left),

Cup/Catch(Right),Slip(Left),Slip(Right),Duck,BobandWeave(Left),BobandWeave(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Cross High Parry(Left),CoverHigh(Left),Cup/Catch(Left),Cup/Catch(Right),Slip(Left),Slip(Right),Duck,BobandWeave(Left),BobandWeave(Right),ShoulderStop(Left),StraightKnee#1,StraightKnee#2,Push(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Hook(Left) High CoverHigh(Right),Duck,BobandWeave(Right),ShoulderStop(Right),Push(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Hook(Right) High CoverHigh(Left),Duck,BobandWeave(Left),ShoulderStop(Left),Push(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LowJab Mid CoverLowInside(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LowCross Mid CoverLowInside(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LowHook(Left) Mid CoverLowOutside(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LowHook(Right) Mid CoverLowOutside(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Uppercut(Left) High Cup/Catch(Left),Cup/Catch(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Uppercut(Right) High Cup/Catch(Left),Cup/Catch(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

HorizontalElbow(Left)

High CoverHigh(Right),Duck,BobandWeave(Right),ElbowJam(Right),Push(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

HorizontalElbow(Right)

High CoverHigh(Left),Duck,BobandWeave(Left),ElbowJam(Left),Push(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

DownElbow(Left) High CoverHigh(Right),ElbowJam(Right),Push(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

DownElbow(Right)

High CoverHigh(Left),ElbowJam(Left),Push(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

UpElbow(Left) High CoverHigh(Right),ElbowJam(Right),Push(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

UpElbow(Right) High CoverHigh(Left),ElbowJam(Left),Push(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

When a jump or spin is added to an attack, use the samedefensessuggestedforthatstrikebutrespondaccordingtothedistancethatisinvolved.

LOWER BODY STRIKE-DEFENSETABLESTRIKE LEVEL DEFENSERightRoundKick HighMid CoverHigh(Left),Duck,Push(Left),RightAngleEvade

Kick,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreatCoverLowOutside(Left),Push(Left),LeadLegShield,Sweep/ParryRoundKick(Right),RightAngleEvadeKick,CatchKick(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Low LeadLegShield,RightAngleEvadeKick,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LeftRoundKick HighMid CoverHigh(Right),Duck,Push(Right),LeftAngleEvadeKick,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreatCoverLowOutside(Right),Push(Right),CrossShield,Sweep/ParryRoundKick(Left),LeftAngleEvadeKick,CatchKick(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Low CrossShield,LeftAngleEvadeKick,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Angle High CoverHigh(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Kick(Left) Mid CoverLowOutside(Right),CrossShield,CatchKick

(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Low CrossShield,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreatAngleKick(Right) HighMid CoverHigh(Left),RetreatandAdvance,Backwards

RetreatCoverLowOutside(Left),LeadLegShield,CatchKick(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

Low LeadLegShield,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LongFootJab HighMid CoverHigh(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreatCoverLowInside(Left),CoverLowInside(Right),ParryFootJabInside(Left),ParryFootJabOutside(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

ShortFootJab HighMid CoverHigh(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreatCoverLowInside(Left),CoverLowInside(Right),ParryFootJabInside(Right),ParryFootJabOutside(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LongKnee(Left) Mid CoverLowInside(Left),CoverLowInside(Right),InsideKneeParry(Left),OutsideKneeParry(Right),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

LongKnee(Right) Mid CoverLowInside(Left),CoverLowInside(Right),Inside

KneeParry(Right),OutsideKneeParry(Left),RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat

CutKickLowCrossShield,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat(Left)

CutKickLowLeadLegShield,RetreatandAdvance,BackwardsRetreat(Right)

When a jump or spin is added to an attack, use the samedefensessuggestedforthatstrikebutrespondaccordingtothedistancethatisinvolved.

PLUM/CLINCH

Theplum/clinchisaformofstandinggrapplingatcloserange.

To initiate a plum/clinch from a Muay Thai stance, use thePUMMELtechnique(pg.130–131).

Duringtheplum/clinch,alwayskeep fingers tight togetherandinaslightly“cupped”position.

PLUM/CLINCHTIE-UPS

DOUBLEHEADGRAB

HIGH-LOW(LEFT)

HIGH-LOW(RIGHT)

UNDERARM

DOUBLEHEADGRABThedoubleheadgrabisatie-upusedtocontrolopponentanddefendintheplum/clinch.

Placebothhandspalmover palmabove opponent’s neck andonbackofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmsfacingyouinapalmoverpalmposition.

Donotlockfingersorgrab.(Fig.146)

Arms can be on the inside of opponent’s arms for dominantpositionortotheoutsideofopponent’sarms.

Pull opponent toward you and squeeze elbows together oncenterline. Position yourself as close to opponent as possiblewithnogapsbetweenyouandopponent.

Placeheadagainstopponentontherightor leftsideofarms.Youcanplacethefrontorsideofyourfaceagainstopponent.

Stand up straight and push hips forward against opponent’shipswithnogapsbetweenyouandopponent.

Place feet shoulder-width apart with both feet pointed out.Distribute weight evenly between both legs. Stay on balls offeetwithheelsraised.(Fig.147)

Use arms for forward andbackwardbalance and feet for leftandrightbalance.

Fromthetie-up,“hang”weightonopponent forcingopponenttodealwiththeextraweightwhenopponentmaneuvers.(Fig.148)

HIGH-LOW(LEFT)The left high-low is a tie-up used to control opponent anddefendintheplum/clinch.

Place left hand above opponent’s neck and on back ofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”back

ofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Righthandwillbeslightly“cupped”andplacedonopponent’slefthip.Placepalmonopponent’slefthipboneandrelaxrightarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.(Fig.149)

Leftarmcanbeontheinsideofopponent’sarmsfordominantpositionortotheoutsideofopponent’sarms.

Pullopponenttowardyouandpositionleftelbowoncenterlineorascloseaspossible.Positionyourselfasclose toopponentaspossiblewithnogapsbetweenyouandopponent.

Place head to the right against opponent. You can place thefrontorsideofyourfaceagainstopponent.

Useleftarmforforwardandbackwardbalanceandfeetforleftand right balance. From tie-up, “hang” weight on opponentforcingopponenttodealwiththeextraweightwhenopponentmaneuvers.(Fig.151)

You will need to release your right hand from opponent’s hipandliftupwhenstrikingwitharightcurvekneetoopponent’sleft side. After the strike, return right hand to opponent’s lefthip.

HIGH-LOW(RIGHT)

The right high-low is a tie-up used to control opponent anddefendintheplum/clinch.

Place right hand above opponent’s neck and on back ofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Left handwill be slightly “cupped” andplaced on opponent’srighthip.Placepalmonopponent’srighthipboneandrelaxtheleftarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.(Fig.152)

Rightarmcanbeontheinsideofopponent’sarmsfordominantpositionortotheoutsideofopponent’sarms.

Pull opponent toward you and position right elbow oncenterlineorascloseaspossible.Positionyourselfasclosetoopponentaspossiblewithnogapsbetweenyouandopponent.

Placeheadtotheleftagainstopponent.Youcanplacethefrontorsideofyourfaceagainstopponent.

Userightarmfor forwardandbackwardbalanceand feet forleftandrightbalance.

Fromthetie-up,“hang”weightonopponent forcingopponenttodealwiththeextraweightwhenopponentmaneuvers.

Youwillneedtoreleaseyourlefthandfromopponent’shipandliftupwhenstrikingwitha leftcurveknee toopponent’s rightside.Afterthestrike,returnlefthandtoopponent’srighthip.

UNDERARMTheunderarmisatie-upusedtocontrolopponentanddefendintheplum/clinch.

Place both arms under opponent’s arms as high as possibleunderopponent’sarmpits.Graborclasphandstogetherbehindopponent’sback(likea“bearhug”).

Donotlockfingers.

Pull opponent toward you andhold tight. Position yourself as

close to opponent as possible with no gaps between you andopponent.

Placeheadagainstopponent.Youcanplacethefrontorsideofyourfaceagainstopponent.

Stand up straight and push hips forward against opponent’shipswithnogapsbetweenyouandopponent.(Fig.154)

Usearms for forward andbackwardbalance and feet for leftandrightbalance.

Fromthetie-up,“hang”weightonopponent forcingopponenttodealwiththeextraweightwhenopponentmaneuvers.

The under arm tie-up is especially effective against a talleropponent.

PLUM/CLINCHTIE-UP

DEFENSES

PUMMEL(LEFT)

PUMMEL(RIGHT)

CROSS-FACE(LEFT)

CROSS-FACE(RIGHT)

ELBOW/RAISE(LEFT)

ELBOWRAISE(RIGHT)

ELBOWPULL(LEFT)

ELBOWPULL(RIGHT)

OVER/UNDERSNAKE/(LEFT)

OVER/UNDERSNAKE(RIGHT)

PUMMEL(LEFT)The left pummel is away to tie-up fromaMuayThai stance,switch tie-ups, or switch to a dominant inside position in theplum/clinch.

Open left hand and “cup” slightly. Shoot left hand throughinside of opponent’s arms and in a straight line directly pastright side of opponent’s head. Shoot left hand at eye-level asclose to opponent as possible. Roll left shoulder forwardagainst left side of face for coverage.Move right fist againstrightcheekforcoverage.(Fig.156)

Place left hand above opponent’s neck and on back ofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

If moving into a double head grab tie-up, continue with right

hand immediately opening and shooting through inside ofopponent’sarms inastraight linedirectlypast the left sideofopponent’s head. Shoot right hand at eye-level as close toopponent as possible. Roll right shoulder forward and againstrightsideoffaceforcoverage.Placerighthandoverlefthandinapalmoverpalmposition.Movetoentiredoubleheadgrabtie-upposition.

Ifmoving into a left high-low tie-up, continue with right handimmediately moving to opponent’s left hip. Place palm onopponent’slefthipboneandrelaxrightarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.Movetoentirelefthigh-lowtie-upposition.

Youcanalsomoveintoanunderarmtie-upbyinitiallyshootingthe left arm under opponent’s right arm as high as possibleunder opponent’s armpit. Follow by shooting right arm underopponent’sleftarmpitandgraborclasphandstogetherbehindopponent’sback.Donotlockfingers.Movetoentireunderarmtie-upposition.

Theleftpummelcanbedonefromanormalstancetotie-upinplum/clinch,orfromanexistingtie-uptoswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

PUMMEL(RIGHT)Therightpummelisawaytotie-up,switchtie-ups,orswitchtoadominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

Open righthandand“cup” slightly.Shoot righthand throughinside of opponent’s arms and in a straight line directly pastleftsideofopponent’shead.Shoottherighthandateye-levelas close to opponent as possible. Roll right shoulder forwardagainst right side of face for coverage.Move left fist againstleftcheekforcoverage.(Fig.157)

Place right hand above opponent’s neck and on back ofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoadoubleheadgrabtie-up,continuewithlefthandimmediatelyopeningandshootingthroughinsideofopponent’sarmsandinastraightlinedirectlypastrightsideofopponent’shead. Shoot left hand at eye-level as close to opponent aspossible.Rollleftshoulderforwardandagainstleftsideoffacefor coverage. Place left hand over right hand in a palm overpalm position. Move to entire double head grab tie-upposition.

Ifmoving into a right high-low tie-up, continue with left handimmediately moving to opponent’s right hip. Place palm onopponent’srighthipboneandrelaxleftarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.Movetoentirerighthigh-lowtie-upposition.

Youcanalsomoveintoanunderarmtie-upbyinitiallyshooting

the right arm under opponent’s left arm as high as possibleunder opponent’s armpit. Follow by shooting left arm underopponent’s right armpit and grab or clasp hands togetherbehindopponent’sback.Donotlockfingers.Movetoentireunderarmtie-upposition.

Therightpummelcanbedonefromanormalstancetotie-upin plum/clinch, or froman existing tie-up to switch tie-ups orgaininsidedominantcontrol.

CROSS-FACE(LEFT)The left cross-face is a way to switch tie-ups or switch to adominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

Openlefthandand“cup”slightly.Movelefthandfromoutsideof opponent’s right arm over and to the right to opponent’sright sideof chin.Place left palmonopponent’s right sideofchinandpush to the rightpast centerline turningopponent’sfaceawayandtotheright,creatingspace.(Fig.158)

Keep contact with left hand and pummel in with right handthrough inside of opponent’s arms. Place right hand aboveopponent’sneckandonbackofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoadoubleheadgrabtie-up,continuebyreleasingleft hand and immediately shoot left hand through inside ofopponent’sarmsandinastraightlinedirectlypastrightsideofopponent’s head. Shoot left hand at eye-level as close toopponentaspossible.Rollleftshoulderforwardandagainstleftsideof face for coverage. Place lefthandover righthand inapalmoverpalmposition.Move toentiredoubleheadgrabtie-upposition.

Ifmovingintoarighthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasinglefthandand immediatelymove lefthand toopponent’s righthip.Placepalmonopponent’srighthipboneandrelaxleftarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.Movetoentirerighthigh-lowtie-

upposition.

Youcanalsomoveintoanunderarmtie-upbyinitiallyshootingthe right arm under opponent’s left arm as high as possibleunder opponent’s armpit. Follow by shooting left arm underopponent’s right armpit and grab or clasp hands togetherbehindopponent’sback.Donotlockfingers.Movetoentireunderarmtie-upposition.

The left cross-face can be done from an existing tie-up toswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

CROSS-FACE(RIGHT)The right cross-face is away to switch tie-ups or switch to adominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

Open right hand and “cup” slightly. Move right hand fromoutsideofopponent’sleftarmoverandtothelefttoopponent’sleftsideofchin.Placerightpalmonopponent’sleftsideofchinand push to the left past centerline turning opponent’s faceawayandtotheleft,creatingspace.(Fig.159)

Keep contact with right hand and pummel in with left handthrough inside of opponent’s arms. Place left hand aboveopponent’sneckandonbackofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoadoubleheadgrabtie-up,continuebyreleasingrighthandand immediatelyshoot righthand through insideofopponent’s arms in a straight line directly past left side ofopponent’s head. Shoot right hand at eye-level as close toopponent as possible. Roll right shoulder forward and againstrightsideoffaceforcoverage.Placerighthandoverlefthandinapalmoverpalmposition.Movetoentiredoubleheadgrabtie-upposition.

Ifmovingintoalefthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasingrighthandand immediatelymove righthand toopponent’s lefthip.Placepalmonopponent’slefthipboneandrelaxrightarmuntildesiredmotion isneeded.Move toentire lefthigh-lowtie-

upposition.

The right cross-face can be done from an existing tie-up toswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

ELBOWRAISE(LEFT)The left elbow raise is away to switch tie-ups or switch to adominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

Drop level substantially by bending both knees and stepforwardwithleftlegoncenterline.(Fig.160)

Openbothhandsandslightly“cup”hands.Placepalmsunderopponent’s elbows and align your elbows in a direct verticalline underneath palms. Keep fingers to outside of opponent’sarms.

Donotgrab.(Fig.161)

Standandpushopponent’selbowsuptostraightenopponent’selbowstocreatespace.

Immediately pummel in with left hand through inside ofopponent’sarms.Placelefthandaboveopponent’sneckandonback of opponent’s head on round area of opponent’s skull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoalefthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasingrighthandand immediatelymove righthand toopponent’s lefthip.Placepalmonopponent’slefthipboneandrelaxrightarmuntildesiredmotion isneeded.Move toentire lefthigh-lowtie-

upposition.

The left elbow raise can be done from an existing tie-up toswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

ELBOWRAISE(RIGHT)Therightelbowraiseisawaytoswitchtie-upsorswitchtoadominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

Drop level substantially by bending both knees and stepforwardwithrightlegoncenterline.(Fig.162)

Openbothhandsandslightly“cup”hands.Placepalmsunderopponent’s elbows and align your elbows in a direct verticalline underneath palms. Keep fingers to outside of opponent’sarms.

Donotgrab.(Fig.163)

Standandpushopponent’selbowsuptostraightenopponent’selbowstocreatespace.

Immediately pummel in with right hand through inside ofopponent’sarms.Placerighthandaboveopponent’sneckandonbackofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoadoubleheadgrabtie-up,continuebyreleasingleft hand and immediately shoot left hand through inside ofopponent’sarmsandinastraightlinedirectlypastrightsideofopponent’s head. Shoot left hand at eye-level as close toopponentaspossible.Rollleftshoulderforwardandagainstleftsideof face for coverage. Place lefthandover righthand inapalmoverpalmposition.Move toentiredoubleheadgrab

tie-upposition.

Ifmovingintoarighthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasinglefthandand immediatelymove lefthand toopponent’s righthip.Placepalmonopponent’srighthipboneandrelaxleftarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.Movetoentirerighthigh-lowtie-upposition.

The right elbow raise can be done from an existing tie-up toswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

ELBOWPULL(LEFT)The left elbow pull is a way to switch tie-ups or switch to adominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

“Cup” left hand and place left palm on outside of opponent’srightelbow.Raiseleftelbowandaligninahorizontallinewithleft palm. Left elbow and left palmwill pull opponent’s rightelbow down and to the right to twist opponent’s upper bodyandcreatespace.

Donotgrab.(Fig.164-165)

Keep contactwith left hand and immediately pummel inwithrighthandthroughinsideofopponent’sarms.Placerighthandabove opponent’s neck and on back of opponent’s head onroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoadoubleheadgrabtie-up,continuebyreleasingleft hand and immediately shoot left hand through inside ofopponent’sarmsandinastraightlinedirectlypastrightsideofopponent’s head. Shoot left hand at eye-level as close toopponentaspossible.Rollleftshoulderforwardandagainstleftsideof face for coverage. Place lefthandover righthand inapalmoverpalmposition.Move toentiredoubleheadgrabtie-upposition.

Ifmovingintoarighthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasinglefthandand immediatelymove lefthand toopponent’s righthip.Placepalmonopponent’srighthipboneandrelaxleftarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.Movetoentirerighthigh-lowtie-upposition.

The left elbow pull can be done from an existing tie-up toswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

ELBOWPULL(RIGHT)The rightelbowpull is away to switch tie-upsor switch toadominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

“Cup”righthandandplacerightpalmonoutsideofopponent’sleftelbow.Raiserightelbowandaligninahorizontallinewithrightpalm.Rightelbowandrightpalmwillpullopponent’sleftelbowdownandtothelefttotwistopponent’supperbodyandcreatespace.

Donotgrab.(Fig.166)

Keepcontactwithrighthandandimmediatelypummelinwithleft hand through inside of opponent’s arms. Place left handabove opponent’s neck and on back of opponent’s head onroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoalefthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasingrighthandand immediatelymove righthand toopponent’s lefthip.Placepalmonopponent’slefthipboneandrelaxrightarmuntildesiredmotion isneeded.Move toentire lefthigh-lowtie-upposition.

Youcanalsomoveintoanunderarmtie-upbyinitiallyshootingthe left arm under opponent’s right arm as high as possibleunder opponent’s armpit. Follow by shooting right arm under

opponent’sleftarmpitandgraborclasphandstogetherbehindopponent’sback.Donotlockfingers.Movetoentireunderarmtie-upposition.

The right elbow pull can be done from an existing tie-up toswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

OVER/UNDERSNAKE(LEFT)Theleftover/undersnakeisawaytoswitchtie-upsorswitchtoadominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

Openlefthandand“cup”slightly.Movelefthandfromoutsideof opponent’s right arm over opponent’s right arm andcontinue to “snake” under opponent’s left arm, creating a“wedge.” The backside of your left hand will make contactunderneathopponent’sleftforearm.

Push down with left elbow and up with back of left hand.Rotate arm counter-clockwise until arm is as vertical aspossible on centerline, tilting opponent’s upper body to yourleftwhilecreatingspace.(Fig.167)

Keep contact with left arm and pummel in with right handthrough inside of opponent’s arms. Place right hand aboveopponent’sneckandonbackofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoadoubleheadgrabtie-up,continuebyreleasingleft arm and immediately shoot left hand through inside ofopponent’sarmsandinastraightlinedirectlypastrightsideofopponent’s head. Shoot left hand at eye-level as close toopponentaspossible.Rollleftshoulderforwardandagainstleftsideof face for coverage. Place lefthandover righthand inapalmoverpalmposition.Move toentiredoubleheadgrabtie-upposition.

Ifmovingintoarighthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasingleftarm and immediatelymove left hand to opponent’s right hip.Placepalmonopponent’srighthipboneandrelaxleftarmuntildesiredmotionisneeded.Movetoentirerighthigh-lowtie-upposition.

Youcanalsomoveintoanunderarmtie-upbyinitiallyshootingthe right arm under opponent’s left arm as high as possibleunderopponent��sarmpit.Followbyshootingleftarmunderopponent’s right armpit and grab or clasp hands togetherbehindopponent’sback.Donotlockfingers.Movetoentireunderarmtie-upposition.

Theleftover/undersnakecanbedonefromanexistingtie-uptoswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

OVER/UNDERSNAKE(RIGHT)Therightover/undersnakeisawaytoswitchtie-upsorswitchtoadominantinsidepositionintheplum/clinch.

Open right hand and “cup” slightly. Move right hand fromoutside of opponent’s left arm over opponent’s left arm andcontinue to “snake” under opponent’s right arm, creating a“wedge.” The backside of your right hand will make contactunderneathopponent’srightforearm.

Push downwith right elbow and upwith back of right hand.Rotate arm clockwise until arm is as vertical as possible oncenterline, tilting opponent’s upper body to your right whilecreatingspace.(Fig.168)

Keep contact with right arm and pummel in with left handthrough inside of opponent’s arms. Place left hand aboveopponent’sneckandonbackofopponent’sheadonroundareaofopponent’sskull.“Cup”backofopponent’sheadwithpalmfacingyou.

Ifmovingintoadoubleheadgrabtie-up,continuebyreleasingright arm and immediately shoot right hand through inside ofopponent’s arms in a straight line directly past left side ofopponent’s head. Shoot right hand at eye-level as close toopponent as possible. Roll right shoulder forward and againstrightsideoffaceforcoverage.Placerighthandoverlefthandinapalmoverpalmposition.Movetoentiredoubleheadgrabtie-upposition.

Ifmovingintoalefthigh-lowtie-up,continuebyreleasingrightarm and immediatelymove right hand to opponent’s left hip.Placepalmonopponent’slefthipboneandrelaxrightarmuntildesiredmotion isneeded.Move toentire lefthigh-lowtie-upposition.

Youcanalsomoveintoanunderarmtie-upbyinitiallyshooting

the left arm under opponent’s right arm as high as possibleunder opponent’s armpit. Follow by shooting right arm underopponent’sleftarmpitandgraborclasphandstogetherbehindopponent’sback.Donotlockfingers.Movetoentireunderarmtie-upposition.

Therightover/undersnakecanbedonefromanexistingtie-uptoswitchtie-upsorgaininsidedominantcontrol.

PLUM/CLINCHSTRIKES

SKIPKNEES#1

SKIPKNEES#2

CURVEKNEE(LEFT)

CURVEKNEE(RIGHT)

SNAPELBOW(LEFT)

SNAPELBOW(RIGHT)

SKIPKNEES#1Theskipknees#1 isa fastpowertechniqueusedtostrike intheplum/clinch.

Fromaplum/clinchtie-up,stepbackonefullstepwithleftlegandpositionleftfootpointingdirectlytowardopponent.Movelefthipbacktocreatespace.Pivotrightfootslightlytothelefton ball of right foot to position right foot straight towardopponent. Distribute 80% ofweight on right leg and 20% onleftleg.Stayonballsoffeet.

Strikebyliftingandbendingleftkneewhilequicklythrustingitforwarddirectlyattarget(mid-sectionofopponent).Movelefthip forward. Left foot will point toes down. Raise right heelduringthestrikeandbecompletelyonballofrightfoot.

Donotpivot.Armswillstayinexistingplum/clinchtie-uppositionthroughouttechnique.(Fig.169)

Aftertheimpact,placeleftfootdownpointingdirectlytowardopponent in a parallel position to right foot. Simultaneously,quicklysliderightfootbackonefullstep.Moverighthipbackto create space. Point both feet straight toward opponent.Distribute80%ofweightonleftlegand20%onrightleg.Stayonballsoffeet.

Right leg is now in position to strike in the same way aspreviouslydonewithleftleg.

Quicklyalternatestrikeswithrightandleftleg.

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspacetoallowroomforyourstrikes.

Strikes will move in a direct line to target. Strike withkneecaps.

You can transition into skip knees #1 by getting into strikingpositionwiththerightorleftlegfirstdependingonpositionand

desiredeffecttoopponent.

You can use your elbows to “bump” opponent away (do notrelease tie-up position) and immediately use your hands andarms topull opponent into the strike for added impact and tokeepopponentoffbalance.

Theskipknees#1alsocanbeusedasasinglestrike.

SKIPKNEES#2Theskipknees#2 isapower techniqueused to strike in theplum/clinch.

From a plum/clinch tie-up, shift 100% of weight to right leg.Swingleftlegbehindyouandextendleftlegalmostcompletelystraightbehindyouatwaistlevel.Lefthipwillmovebackandcompletely“openup” (righthipwill rotate towardsopponent)tocreatespaceandallowleftlegtorotatecounter-clockwisetotheleft.Leftkneeandlefttoeswillpointtotheleft.Pivotrightfoot slightly to the left on ball of right foot to align left footstraighttowardopponent.(Fig.170)

Strikebyswingingleftlegforward.Lefthipwillthrustforwardallowingleftlegtorotateclockwisetotherightaligningkneestraight towards target (mid-section of opponent). Bend leftknee.Leftfootwillpointtoesdown.

Duringthestrike,pivotrightlegtotheleftbypivotingonballof right foot and raising rightheel.Armswill stay in existingplum/clinchtie-uppositionthroughouttechnique.

Aftertheimpact,placeleftfootdownpointingdirectlytowardopponentinaparallelpositiontotherightfoot.Shift100%ofweighttoleftleg.Swingrightlegbehindyouandextendrightlegalmostcompletelystraightbehindyouatwaistlevel.Righthipwillmovebackandcompletely“openup”toallowrightlegtorotateclockwisetotheright.Rightkneeandrighttoeswillpointtotheright.

Right leg is now in position to strike in the same way aspreviouslydonewithleftleg.

Alternatestrikeswithrightandleftleg.

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspacetoallowroomforyourstrikes.

Strikes will move in a direct line to target. Strike withkneecaps.

You can transition into skip knees #2 by getting into strikingpositionwiththerightorleftlegfirstdependingonpositionanddesiredeffecttoopponent.

You can use your elbows to “bump” opponent away (do notrelease tie-up position) and immediately use your hands andarmstopullopponentintothestrikeforaddedimpactandkeeptheopponentoffbalance.

Theskipknees#2alsocanbeusedasasinglestrike.

CURVEKNEE(LEFT)Theleftcurvekneeisapowerstrikeusedintheplum/clinch.

From a plum/clinch tie-up, shift 100% of weight to right leg.Left hip will move back and completely “open up” (right hipwill rotate towards opponent) to create space. Lift and bendleft knee atwaist levelwhilemoving left leg to the left. Leftknee and foot will point directly to the left. Pivot right footslightly to the left on ball of right foot to align right footstraighttowardopponent.(Fig.171)

Strike bymoving inside of left knee forward and to the rightdirectly at target (right torso of opponent). Move left hipforward.Leftfootwillpointtoesup.

Right foot will slide to the right during the strike toincreasemomentum.

Use arms and hands in existing plum/clinch tie-upposition to pull opponent to the left into the strike foraddedimpactandkeepopponentoffbalance.

After the impact,place left footdown inaparallelposition torightfootandreturntoentireplum/clinchtie-upposition.

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspacetoallowroomforyourstrike.

Strikewithinsideofleftknee.

Youcanalsoalternatebetweentheleftcurvekneeandtherightcurvekneeformultiplestrikes.

You can change the left curve knee into a left chip knee bystrikingatadownwardanglewiththeinsideoftheleftkneeandtargetingopponent’supper right leg.During the strike,donotslidetotherightorpullopponenttotheleft.

CURVEKNEE(RIGHT)Therightcurvekneeisapowerstrikeusedintheplum/clinch.

From a plum/clinch tie-up, shift 100% of weight to left leg.Righthipwillmovebackandcompletely“openup”(lefthipwillrotate towardsopponent) tocreatespace.Lift andbend rightknee atwaist levelwhilemoving right leg to the right.Rightkneeandfootwillpointdirectly totheright.Pivot left foot tothe right onball of left foot to align left foot straight towardopponent.(Fig.172)

Strike bymoving inside of right knee forward and to the leftdirectly at target (left torso of opponent). Move right hipforward.Rightfootwillpointtoesup.

Leftfootwillslidetotheleftduringthestriketoincreasemomentum.

Use arms and hands in existing plum/clinch tie-uppositiontopullopponenttotherightintothestrikeforaddedimpactandkeepopponentoffbalance.

Aftertheimpact,placerightfootdowninaparallelpositiontoleftfootshoulderlengthapartandreturntoentireplum/clinchtie-upposition.

Strikewithinsideofrightknee.Fig.172.

Youcanalsoalternatebetweentherightcurvekneeandtheleftcurvekneeformultiplestrikes.

Youcanchangetherightcurvekneeintoarightchipkneebystrikingatadownwardanglewiththeinsideoftheleftkneeandtargeting opponent’s upper left leg. During the strike, do notslidetotherightorpullopponenttotheleft.

SNAPELBOW(LEFT)The left snap elbow is a fast snapping strike used in theplum/clinch.

Fromaplum/clinchtie-up,whilerighthandispummeledinand“cupping”backofopponent’shead,usearmsto“jerk”orpushopponent’sheadbacktocreatespace.Donotletgowithrighthand.While creating space,move left hand from plum/clinch

andposition leftarm forahorizontal,up,ordown leftelbow.Immediately strikewith leftelbowwhile simultaneouslyusingrighthand to “jerk” orpull opponent’shead forward into leftelbow.

Afterthestrike,returntoentireplum/clinchtie-upposition.

Thestrikewillmoveinthedesireddirectionofthetypeofleftelbowused.

Youcanalsousetheleftsnapelbowtopositionopponentforarightelbowstrikeby initiallypositioning the lefthandpast theleft side of opponent’s head and rotate thewrist clockwise to“cup”thebackofopponent’sneckwiththeleftpalm.(Fig.174)

Bendleftelbowandpullopponent’sheadtowardyouanddownagainst left forearm. Quickly snap left elbow up thrustingopponent’s head backwards and up. Release left hand andimmediatelystrikewithahorizontal,up,ordownrightelbow.

Afterthestrike,returntoaplum/clinchtie-up.

SNAPELBOW(RIGHT)The right snap elbow is a fast snapping strike used in theplum/clinch.

Fromaplum/clinchtie-up,whilelefthandispummeledinand“cupping”backofopponent’shead,usearmsto“jerk”orpushopponent’sheadbacktocreatespace.Donotletgowithlefthand.Whilecreatingspace,moverighthandfromplum/clinchand position right arm for a horizontal, up, or down rightelbow. Immediately strike with right elbow whilesimultaneously using left hand to “jerk” or pull opponent’sheadforwardintorightelbow.

Afterthestrike,returntoentireplum/clinchtie-upposition.

Thestrikewillmoveinthedesireddirectionofthetypeofrightelbowused.

Youcanalsousetherightsnapelbowtopositionopponentforaleftelbowstrikeby initiallypositioning therighthandpast theright side of opponent’s head and rotate the wristcounterclockwiseto“cup”thebackofopponent’sneckwiththerightpalm.(Fig.176)

Bend right elbow and pull opponent’s head toward you anddown against right forearm. Quickly snap right elbow upthrusting opponent’s head backwards and up. Release righthandandimmediatelystrikewithahorizontal,up,ordownleftelbow.

Afterthestrike,returntoaplum/clinchtie-up.

PLUM/CLINCHDEFENSES

HIPCHECK(LEFT)

HIPCHECK(RIGHT)

HIPSHIFT(LEFT)

HIPSHIFT(RIGHT)

PULLOFFBALANCE(LEFT)

PULLOFFBALANCE(RIGHT)

HEADPULL(LEFT)

HEADPULL(RIGHT)

LEGTIEOUTSIDE(LEFT)

LEGTIEOUTSIDE(RIGHT)

LEGTIEINSIDE(LEFT)

LEGTIEINSIDE(RIGHT)

HIPCHECK(LEFT)The left hip check is a defense against opponent’s right skipkneeorrightcurvekneeintheplum/clinch.

Fromplum/clinchtie-up,asyoufeelopponent’srighthipmoveawaytocreatespaceforarightknee,“cup”lefthandandplaceon opponent’s right hip. Place left palm on opponent’s righthipbone.Asopponentstartstostrikewitharightknee,thrustleft hand forward pushing opponent’s right hip backwards,disruptingopponent’sstrikeandkeepingopponent’s righthipfrommovingforward.(Fig.177)

Movelefthandbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

Ifyouareinarighthigh-lowtie-up,yourlefthandisalreadyinpositiontodisruptopponent’srightknee.

The left hip check is used to block the forward progress ofopponent’srighthip,disruptingopponent’srightknee.

HIPCHECK(RIGHT)The right hip check is a defense against opponent’s left skip

kneeorleftcurvekneeintheplum/clinch.

Fromplum/clinchtie-up,asyoufeelopponent’s lefthipmoveawaytocreatespaceforaleftknee,“cup”righthandandplaceon opponent’s left hip. Place right palm on opponent’s lefthipbone.As opponent starts to strikewith a left knee, thrustright hand forward pushing opponent’s left hip backwards,disrupting opponent’s strike and keeping opponent’s left hipfrommovingforward.(Fig.178)

Moverighthandbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

Ifyouareinalefthigh-lowtie-up,yourrighthandisalreadyinpositiontodisruptopponent’sleftknee.

The right hip check is used to block the forward progress ofopponent’slefthip,disruptingopponent’sleftknee.

HIPSHIFT(LEFT)The left hip shift is a defense against opponent’s right skipkneeorrightcurvekneeintheplum/clinch.

Fromplum/clinchtie-up,asyoufeelopponent’srighthipmoveaway to create space for a right knee andopponent starts tostrikewith the right knee, rotate left hip to the right toward

opponentandthrustlefthipforwardintoopponent’srighthip,pushingopponent’srighthipbackwardstodisruptopponent’sstrike.

Movelefthipbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

The left hip shift is used to block the forward progress ofopponent’srighthip,disruptingopponent’srightknee.

HIPSHIFT(RIGHT)The right hip shift is a defense against opponent’s left skipkneeorleftcurvekneeintheplum/clinch.

Fromplum/clinchtie-up,asyoufeelopponent’s lefthipmoveaway to create space for a left knee and opponent starts tostrike with the left knee, rotate right hip to the left towardopponentandthrustrighthipforwardintoopponent’slefthip,pushing opponent’s left hip backwards to disrupt opponent’sstrike.

Moverighthipbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

The right hip shift is used to block the forward progress ofopponent’slefthip,disruptingopponent’sleftknee.

PULLOFFBALANCE(LEFT)The left pull off balance is a technique used to disruptopponent’s strike, move opponent into your strike, and/orreposition opponent to keep opponent off balance in theplum/clinch.

Fromany plum/clinch tie-up position, twist opponent’s upperbodytotheleft(leadwithopponent’shead)and“jerk”orpullopponenttotheleftwithhandsandarms.Uselegstopushorpullopponenttotheleft.Yourupperbodywillfollowopponent

tothelefttoincreasemomentum.

Maintainarmtie-uppositionthroughouttechnique.

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspace to allow room for your strike or to repositionopponentfrompulloffbalance.

Usetheleftpulloffbalancetodisruptopponent’sstrike.Duringopponent’sstrike,pulloffbalancetotheleft.

Use the left pull off balance to move opponent into your leftstrikeandincreasetheimpact.

Use the left pull off balance to keep opponent off balance soopponent cannot strike, and/or position opponent for yourstrike.

PULLOFFBALANCE(RIGHT)The right pull off balance is a technique used to disruptopponent’s strike, move opponent into your strike, and/orreposition opponent to keep opponent off balance in theplum/clinch.

Fromany plum/clinch tie-up position, twist opponent’s upperbodytotheright(leadwithopponent’shead)and“jerk”orpullopponenttotherightwithhandsandarms.Uselegstopushorpull opponent to the right. Your upper body will followopponenttotherighttoincreasemomentum.

Maintainarmtie-uppositionthroughouttechnique.

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspace to allow room for your strike or to repositionopponentfrompulloffbalance.

Use the right pull off balance to disrupt opponent’s strike.Duringopponent’sstrike,pulloffbalancetotheright.

Usetherightpulloffbalancetomoveopponentintoyourrightstrikeandincreasetheimpact.

Use the rightpulloffbalance tokeepopponentoffbalancesoopponent cannot strike, and/or position opponent for yourstrike.

HEADPULL(LEFT)The left head pull is a defense against opponent’s right skipkneeorrightcurvekneeintheplum/clinch.

Fromplum/clinchtie-up,asyoufeelopponent’srighthipmoveaway tocreatespace forarightskiporrightcurvekneeandopponent starts to strikewith the right knee, pull opponent’sheaddowntowardyourabdomenwhiletakingafullstepbackwith left leg to draw opponent toward you. Keep arms andhandsinthetie-uppositionthroughouttheheadpulltechniqueto maintain control and keep opponent moving forward andclosetoyou.(Fig.179)

Theleftheadpulldisruptsopponent’srightskiporrightcurveknee by pulling opponent forward off balance forcingopponent’skneeinglegtobequicklyplacedonthegroundforbalance.

After the head pull, immediately follow-up with a strike orquickly close the distance and return to original plum/clinchtie-up.

Ifyoupullopponent’sheadbelowyourshoulderlevelduringtheheadpull,immediatelyfollow-upwithaleftkneestrike.

HEADPULL(RIGHT)The right head pull is a defense against opponent’s left skipkneeorleftcurvekneeintheplum/clinch.

Fromplum/clinchtie-up:asyoufeelopponent’s lefthipmoveaway to create space for a left skip or left curve knee andopponent starts to strike with the left knee, pull opponent’s

headdowntowardyourabdomenwhiletakingafullstepbackwith right leg to draw opponent toward you. Keep arms andhandsinthetie-uppositionthroughouttheheadpulltechniqueto maintain control and keep opponent moving forward andclosetoyou.(Fig.180)

The rightheadpulldisruptsopponent’s left skipor left curveknee by pulling opponent forward off balance forcingopponent’skneeinglegtobequicklyplacedonthegroundforbalance.

After the head pull, immediately follow-up with a strike orquickly close the distance and return to original plum/clinchtie-up.

Ifyoupullopponent’sheadbelowyourshoulderlevelduringtheheadpull,immediatelyfollow-upwitharightkneestrike.

LEGTIEOUTSIDE(LEFT)The left leg tie outside is a technique used to disruptopponent’s strike, move opponent off balance, throw, and/orsweepopponent’sleftlegintheplum/clinch.

Fromanyplum/clinch tie-upposition, shift100%ofweight toright leg and move left leg to the outside and behindopponent’s right leg (i.e., “hook” the leg). Thrust left legtowardyouand/ortotheright,pullingor“jerking”opponent’srightleg.

Maintainbalancewithrightleg.(Fig.181)

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspacetoallowroomforyourstrikeorforrepositioningofopponentfromtheleftlegtie.

Use the left leg tie outside to disrupt opponent’s left knee by“sweeping”opponent’srightbaseleg.

Usetheleftlegtieoutsidetohookopponent’srightlegtostopopponent’srightknee.

Use the left leg tie outside to keep opponent off balance soopponent cannot strike, and/or position opponent for yourstrike.Italsocanbeusedincombinationwiththepulloffbalancetothrow,sweeporkeepopponentoffbalance.

Afterthedesiredeffect,place left legbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

LEGTIEOUTSIDE(RIGHT)The right leg tie outside is a technique used to disruptopponent’s strike, move opponent off balance, throw, and/orsweepopponent’sleftlegintheplum/clinch.

Fromanyplum/clinch tie-upposition, shift100%ofweight toleft leg and move right leg to the outside and behindopponent’s left leg (i.e., “hook” the leg). Thrust right legtoward you and/or to the left, pulling or “jerking” opponent’sleftleg.

Maintainbalancewithleftleg.(Fig.182)

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only create

spacetoallowroomforyourstrikeorforrepositioningofopponentfromtherightlegtie.

Usetherightlegtieoutsidetodisruptopponent’srightkneeby“sweeping”opponent’sleftbaseleg.

Usetherightlegtieoutsidetohookopponent’sleftlegtostopopponent’sleftknee.

Use the right leg tie outside to keep opponent off balance soopponent cannot strike, and/or position opponent for yourstrike.Italsocanbeusedincombinationwiththepulloffbalancetothrow,sweeporkeepopponentoffbalance.

Afterthedesiredeffect,placerightlegbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

LEGTIEINSIDE(LEFT)Theleftlegtieinsideisatechniqueusedtodisruptopponent’sstrike, move opponent off balance, throw, and/or sweepopponent’sleftlegintheplum/clinch.

Fromanyplum/clinch tie-upposition, shift100%ofweight torightlegandmoveleftlegtotheinsideandbehindopponent’srightleg(i.e.,“hook”theleg).Thrustleftlegtowardyouand/ortotheleft,pullingor“jerking”opponent’srightleg.

Maintainbalancewithrightleg.(Fig.183)

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspacetoallowroomforyourstrikeorforrepositioningofopponentfromtheleftlegtie.

Use the left leg tie inside to disrupt opponent’s left knee by“sweeping”opponent’srightbaseleg.

Use the left leg tie inside tohookopponent’s right leg to stopopponent’srightknee.

Use the left leg tie inside to keep opponent off balance soopponent cannot strike, and/or position opponent for yourstrike.Italsocanbeusedincombinationwiththepulloffbalancetothrow,sweeporkeepopponentoffbalance.

Afterthedesiredeffect,place left legbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

LEGTIEINSIDE(RIGHT)The right leg tie inside is a technique used to disruptopponent’s strike, move opponent off balance, throw, and/orsweepopponent’sleftlegintheplum/clinch.

Fromanyplum/clinch tie-upposition, shift100%ofweight toleftlegandmoverightlegtotheinsideandbehindopponent’sleftleg(i.e.,“hook”theleg).Thrustrightlegtowardyouand/ortotheright,pullingor“jerking”opponent’sleftleg.

Maintainbalancewithleftleg.(Fig.184)

Stay as close to opponent as possible and only createspacetoallowroomforyourstrikeorforrepositioningofopponentfromtherightlegtie.

Usetheright legtie insidetodisruptopponent’srightkneeby“sweeping”opponent’sleftbaseleg.

Use the right leg tie inside tohookopponent’s left leg to stopopponent’sleftknee.

Use the right leg tie inside to keep opponent off balance soopponent cannot strike, and/or position opponent for yourstrike.Italsocanbeusedincombinationwiththepulloffbalancetothrow,sweeporkeepopponentoffbalance.

Afterthedesiredeffect,placerightlegbacktoplum/clinchtie-upposition.

PLUM/CLINCHTHROWS

THROW(LEFT)The left throw isa techniqueused tobreakaplum/clinch tie-up, throw opponent off balance, and/or position opponent foranattack.

From any plum/clinch tie-up position, step right leg one fullstepforwardandslightlytotheright.Pivottotheleftonballsofbothfeetandrotateyourentirebodytotheleft.Duringthepivot,usehandsandarms to twist opponent’supperbody tothe left (lead with opponent’s head) and push/throw-outopponenttotheleft.Releaseallcontactwithopponent.

From a double head grab tie-up, use both elbows to “bump”opponent’supperbodyupandbackwardsduringtherelease.

Fromaleftorrighthigh-lowtie-up,useelbowofthearminthehigh position to “bump” opponent’s upper body up andbackwardsduringtherelease.

Stayasclosetoopponentaspossibleuntilthethrow-out.

Aftertheleftthrow,returntoMuayThaistancetofollow-upor

defend.

THROW(RIGHT)Therightthrowisatechniqueusedtobreakaplum/clinchtie-up, throw opponent off balance, and/or position opponent foranattack.

Fromanyplum/clinchtie-upposition,stepleftlegonefullstepforward and slightly to the left. Pivot to the right on balls ofboth feetandrotateyourentirebody to theright.During thepivot,usehandsandarms to twist opponent’supperbody tothe right (lead with opponent’s head) and push/throw-outopponenttotheright.Releaseallcontactwithopponent.

From a double head grab tie-up, use both elbows to “bump”opponent’supperbodyupandbackwardsduringtherelease.

Fromaleftorrighthigh-lowtie-up,useelbowofthearminthehigh position to “bump” opponent’s upper body up andbackwardsduringtherelease.

Stayasclosetoopponentaspossibleuntilthethrow-out.

Aftertheleftthrow,returntoMuayThaistancetofollow-upordefend.

PERSONALATTACKRANGE

Thepersonalattackrangeistheareaaroundyoubrokendowninto threeareas:closerange,mediumrange, and long range.(Fig.185)

Youarethenucleuscontainedwithinthethreecircleareas.Asyou move, the areas move with you, maintaining the samedistance.

Learnwhattechniquesyoucanperformineachrangeareatoaccomplishasuccessfulattack.

Learn to recognize when an opponent enters each range sothatyoucanrespondaccordingly.

The distance of the ranges will vary for each individualdependingonsizeandreach.

RANGETABLE

The range table showswhat strikes aremost effective in thedifferentranges(distance)betweenyouandyouropponent.

RANGETABLE

EQUIPMENT

There are two types of basic equipment used for training inMuayThai:protectiveequipmentandtrainingequipment.

PROTECTIVEEQUIPMENTAlways wear the proper protective equipment that coincideswiththespecifictrainingyouwillperform.

Thai boxing shorts or loose clothing that allows easymovement.MouthGuardCup/Groin Protector (for males and should be worn for alltraining)HeavyGloves(forstrikingpartnerorequipment)ShinGuards(forstrikingpartner)BagGloves(forstrikingequipmentonly)Headgear(optional)WristWraps(optional)BoxingorwrestlingShoes(optional)

Add additional protective equipment as needed tomaintain asafeenvironmentforallparticipants.

TRAININGEQUIPMENTAlways learn the proper way to use the equipment beforetraining.

ThaiPadsFocusMitts

Heavybag

You can add additional training equipment to enhance yourtrainingasneeded.(e.g.,bellypad,jumprope,speedbag)

FOCUSMITTS

USINGFOCUSMITTSFocusmitts are usedwith a trainer/partner and allow one topracticeusingupperbodystrikeswithspeedandprecision.

There are different styles and construction of focus mittsdepending on the manufacturer but all maintain the basicfunctionality.(Fig.186)

Toholda focusmitt, secureyourhandwithyourpalm facingagainsttheholdingareaofthefocusmitt.

Keeppalmflushagainstfocusmitt.(Fig.187)

The focus mitt holder will stay relaxed and maintain properMuayThaistanceandmovement.

Transition is smooth and fluid from one holding position toanother.

Hold focus mitt still for the strike, then tap the strike duringimpacttogiveslightresistance.

Donotreach.

Donotholdafocusmittdirectlyinfrontofyourface.

HOLDING FOCUS MITTS FORUPPERBODYSTRIKESWhen holding for a single upper body strike with one focusmitt,placetheotherfocusmittacrossyourchestorabdomenwithstrikingareahiddenfromview.

JABAND/ORCROSSTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingfocusmitt.

Dependingonwhichsidethefocusmittisheld,thejaborcrossmaystrikeacrosscenterline.(Fig.188)

Theholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingfocusmitt.(Fig.189)

UPPERCUTTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingfocusmitt.

Hold the focusmitt horizontal and approximately three inchesbelowchin.(Fig.190)

LOWJABAND/ORLOWCROSSTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingfocusmitt.(Fig.191)

LOWHOOKTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingfocusmitt.

Hold the focus mitt horizontal with the top of the focus mitttowardthestriker.(Fig.192)

COMBINATIONHOLDINGUse both focus mitts and combine holds for multiple upperbodystrikes(e.g.,cross—lowhook)(Fig.193)

Some training drills require you to strike while holding focusmitts. Use the padded surface of the focus mitts and strikelightlyusingproperMuayThaitechniques.

THAIPADS

USINGTHAIPADSThai pads are used with a trainer/partner and allow one topractice using upper body strikes and/or lower body strikeswithfullpower.

There are different styles and construction of Thai padsdepending on the manufacturer but all maintain the basicfunctionality.(Fig.194)

ToholdaThaipad,secureyourarmwiththeinnerforearmandpalmfacingtheholdingareaoftheThaipad.Grabthehandleinafistposition.

Keepfingersandthumbtightatalltimes.(Fig.195)

TheThaipadholderwill useamouthguard toprevent jarringduringimpact.

TheThaipadholderwillstayrelaxedandmaintainproperMuayThaistanceandmovement.

Transition is smooth and fluid from one holding position toanother.

HoldThaipadstillforthestrike.

Donotreach.

DonotholdaThaipaddirectlyinfrontofyourface.

HOLDINGTHAIPADSFORUPPERBODYSTRIKESWhenholdingforasingleupperbodystrikewithoneThaipad,place the other Thai pad across your chest or abdomenwiththestrikingareahiddenfromview.

JABAND/ORCROSSTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.

DependingonwhichsidetheThaipadisheld,the jaborcrossmaystrikeacrosscenterline.(Fig.196)

HOOKTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.(Fig.197)

UPPERCUTTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.

Hold the Thai pad horizontal and approximately three inchesbelowchin.(Fig.198)

LOWJABAND/ORLOWCROSSTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.(Fig.199)

LOWHOOKTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.

HoldtheThaipadhorizontalwiththetopoftheThaipadtowardthestriker.(Fig.200)

HORIZONTALELBOWTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.

HoldtheThaipadacrosscenterlineandanglethestrikingareaoftheThaipadtowardthestrike.(Fig.201)

DOWNELBOWTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.

UPELBOWTheholdingposition canbeused for the left or right sidebyusingthecorrespondingThaipad.

COMBINATIONHOLDINGUsebothThaipadsandcombineholdsformultipleupperbodystrikes(e.g.,jab—cross—hook)(Fig.204)

HOLDINGTHAIPADSFORLOWERBODYSTRIKES

ROUNDKICK

Theholdingpositioncanbeusedfortheleftorrightside.

HoldtheThaipadscloseandtightagainstyourbody.

The striker’s shin should impact the striking area of both Thaipadsequally.(Fig.205)

ANGLEKICKTheholdingpositioncanbeusedfortheleftorrightside.

HoldtheThaipadstothesideandonaslightdiagonal.

The striker’s shin should impact the striking area of both Thaipadsequally.(Fig.206)

KNEE, FOOT JAB, AND/ORPLUM/CLINCH SKIP KNEE (“T”HOLD)Theholdingpositioncanbeusedfortheleftorrightside.

HoldtheThaipadsonaslightforwarddiagonalinfrontofyourabdomenand“crunch”yourmidsection.

The striker will only strike the front horizontal Thai pad. (Fig.207)

Some training drills require you to strike while holding Thaipads. Use the padded surface of the Thai pads and strikelightlyusingproperMuayThaitechniques.

TRAININGDRILLS

Trainingdrillsaredoneinmultiple3-minuteroundswitha30-secondrestbetweenrounds.

SHADOWBOXINGUseall the techniquesyouhave learnedagainstan imaginaryopponent. Incorporate strikes, defense, combinations, andmovement. Shadow boxing can be done slowly to work onpropertechniqueandexecution,orfasttoworkonfluidityandendurance.Shadowboxingalsocanbeusedasawarm-up.

HEAVYBAGDRILLStrike the heavy bag with full power throughout the rounds.Pay attention to positioning, distance, and adjustment to theresistancefromtheheavybag.

FOCUSMITTDRILL(UPPERBODY)The focus mitt drill is done with a trainer/partner equippedwithfocusmitts.Thetrainerwillstrike lightlyat randomwiththe focus mitts and dictate movement, frequently stoppingmovement,positioningfocusmitts,andcallingoutanumberofstrikes.Stay instrikingrangeof the traineranddefendallofthetrainer’sstrikes.Oncethetrainercallsanumber,strikethefocusmittswith the according number of strikes. Your upperbodystrikingtechniqueswillbedeterminedbythepositioningofthetrainer’sfocusmitts.

THAI PAD DRILL (UPPER BODYAND/ORLOWERBODY)TheThaipaddrillisdonewithatrainer/partnerequippedwitha pair of Thai pads. The trainer will strike lightly at randomwiththeThaipadsanddictatemovement,frequentlystoppingmovement,positioningThaipads,andcallingoutanumberofstrikes.Stay instrikingrangeof the traineranddefendallofthetrainer’sstrikes.Oncethetrainercallsanumber,striketheThaipadswith theaccordingnumberof strikes.Yourstrikingtechniques will be determined by the positioning of thetrainer’sThaipads.

DEFENSEDRILLThe defense drill is done with a partner. Both participantsshould be equipped with a mouth guard and heavy gloves.FromMuayThaistance,positionyourbackasclosetoawallaspossiblesoyoucannotretreat.Yourpartnerwillstandinfrontand in close range and continually strike with light contact.Defendall strikes. Thedrill canbedone for upper and lowerbodydefense.

TIMESPARRINGTimesparringisdonewithapartner.Bothparticipantsshouldbe equipped with a mouth guard, heavy gloves, cup/groinprotector(formales),shinpads,andheadgear(optional).Sparmaking light contact. Allow each participant to executecombinationsandcounters.Defendattacksandfollow-up.Keepa steady flow throughout. Start at a slow speed and increasethespeedasparticipantsfeelcomfortable.

PLUM/CLINCHTIE-UPDRILLThe plum/clinch tie-up drill is done with a partner. Both

participants should be equipped with a mouth guard andcup/groin protector (for males). Start from the plum/ clinch.Allow each participant to gain dominant inside control andalternate. Use all plum/clinch tie-ups and plum/clinch tie-updefenses.Keepasteadyflowthroughout.Startataslowspeedandincreasethespeedasparticipantsfeelcomfortable.

PLUM/CLINCHSPARRINGPlum/clinchsparring isdonewithapartner.Bothparticipantsshould be equipped with a mouth guard and cup/groinprotector (for males). Start from the plum/clinch. Eachparticipant will try to gain inside dominant control. You canonly strike lightlywith the curve knee.Do not use any otherstrikes. Use all plum/clinch tie-ups, plum/ clinch tie-updefenses,plum/clinchthrows,andplum/clinchdefenses.

ENDURANCEDRILLS

Endurancedrillsareusedtobuildupyourcardio-vascularenduranceby repeating a series of techniques aggressively throughout therounds.

Endurance drills are done in multiple 3-minute rounds with a 30-secondrestbetweenrounds.Thedrillsaredonewithatrainer/partnerequippedwith a pair ofThai pads.All strikes are done to the pads.Continuallyrepeatthedrillthroughouttherounds.

ENDURANCEDRILL#1JAB—CROSS—RIGHTROUNDKICK.ENDURANCEDRILL#2JAB—CROSS—LEFT HOOK—CROSS—LEFT ROUND KICK—RIGHTROUNDKICK.ENDURANCEDRILL#3RIGHT LONG KNEE—RIGHT ROUND KICK—LEFT LONGKNEE—LEFTROUNDKICK.ENDURANCEDRILL#4DOUBLERIGHTROUNDKICK—DOUBLELEFTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATIONDRILLS

Combinationdrillsaredesigned to teachyouhow tocombinetechniquesandmovefluidlyfromonetoanother,developingarhythm.

The combination drills are done with a trainer/partnerequippedwithapairofThaipads.All strikesaredone to theThai pads unless noted. Combination drills may be done inmultiple 3-minute rounds with a 30-second rest betweenrounds by continually repeating the combination throughoutthe rounds. In the combinations listed below, the pad holder(trainer/partner)portionishighlightedinredbold.Combinations#3,#4,#5,#6,#9,#10,#11,and#13requireyoutokickthetrainer/partner.Whenkickingthetrainer/partneruse light contact with a slight push at impact to feel theresistance.

Combination#11canbedoneforthecurvekneesatfullpowerwitha trainer/partnerwearingabellypad (aprotectivedeviceworn to protect the ribs and abdomen area), otherwise uselightcontactforthecurveknees.

COMBINATION#1JAB—CROSS—RIGHT ROUND KICK TO LEG—LEADLEGSHIELD—RIGHTROUNDKICK—LEFTROUNDKICKTOLEG—CROSSSHIELD—LEFTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#2

JAB—RIGHT PARRY—CROSS—LEFT PARRY—LEFTHOOK—RIGHT COVER HIGH—CROSS—LEFT COVERHIGH—CROSS—LEFT ROUND KICK—LEFT HOOK—RIGHTROUND KICK—RIGHT ROUND KICK—RETREAT ANDADVANCE.

COMBINATION#3JAB—RIGHT PARRY—LOW CROSS—LEFT COVER LOWINSIDE—CROSS— LOW LEFT HOOK—LEFT HOOK—SHORTFOOT JAB—LONGFOOTJAB—PARRYFOOT JAB INSIDE(LEFT)—RIGHT ROUND KICK TO TRAINER’S LEG—LEFTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#4LOW JAB—JAB—CROSS—LOW LEFT HOOK—RIGHTCOVER LOW OUTSIDE—LOW LEFT HOOK—CROSS—LEFTROUND KICK—RIGHT ROUND KICK MID-LEVEL—SWEEP/PARRY ROUND KICK (RIGHT)—LEFT ROUND KICKTOTRAINER’SLEG—RIGHTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#5JAB—RIGHT CUP/CATCH—CROSS—LEFT SLIP—LEFTUPPERCUT—CROSS—RIGHTROUNDKICK—LEFTCUTKICK TO TRAINER—RIGHT LONG KNEE— RIGHT ROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#6RIGHT LONG KNEE—OUTSIDE KNEE PARRY (LEFT)—LEFTROUNDKICK—RIGHTCUTKICKTOTRAINER—JAB—RIGHT UPPERCUT—LOW LEFT HOOK— LEFT HOOK—RIGHTROUNDKICK—LEFTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#7JAB—CROSS—LEFTHOOK—CROSS—LEFTHOOK—BOB&WEAVE (RIGHT)—CROSS—LEFT HOOK—CROSS—BOB &WEAVE (LEFT)—LEFT HOOK—CROSS—CROSS—STRAIGHTKNEE #1—LEFT HORIZONTAL ELBOW—RIGHTHORIZONTALELBOW.

COMBINATION#8RIGHT ROUND KICK—LONG FOOT JAB—CROSS—STRAIGHTKNEE#2—PUMMELTODOUBLEHEADGRAB—(4) SKIP KNEES #1—THROW LEFT—RIGHT ROUND KICK—JAB—RIGHT PARRY—CROSS—LEFT PARRY— PUMMELTODOUBLEHEADGRAB—(4)SKIPKNEES#2—THROWLEFT—RIGHTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#9JAB—CROSS—LEFT HOOK—CROSS—CROSS—LEFTSHOULDERSTOP—RIGHTDOWNELBOW—LEFTUPELBOW—RIGHT LONG KNEE—RIGHT ROUND KICK—RIGHTROUNDKICK—RIGHTANGLEEVADEKICKTOTRAINER.

COMBINATION#10RIGHT ROUNDKICK—RIGHT ANGLE EVADE KICK TOTRAINER—LONGFOOT JAB—CROSS—STRAIGHTKNEE#2—LEFTDOWNELBOW—RIGHTDOWNELBOW—PUMMELTODOUBLEHEADGRAB—(4)SKIPKNEES#2—THROWLEFT—DOUBLERIGHTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#11JAB—CROSS—LEFT HORIZONTAL ELBOW—RIGHTSPINNING BACK-ELBOW—RIGHT HORIZONTALELBOW—LEFTELBOWJAM—PUMMELTOLEFTHIGH-LOW

TIE-UP—(4) ALTERNATING CURVE KNEES TO TRAINER—THROW LEFT—RIGHT ROUND KICK MID-LEVEL—LEFTCATCHKICK—LEFTCUTKICKTOTRAINER.

COMBINATION#12RIGHTROUNDKICKMID-LEVEL—LEFT CATCH KICK—RIGHT LONG KNEE—LEFT HOOK—CROSS—LEFT ROUNDKICK—RIGHTDOWNELBOW—LEFTSPINNINGBACK-ELBOW—LEFTHORIZONTALELBOW—RIGHTELBOW JAM—PUMMEL TO DOUBLE HEAD GRAB—(2) SKIP KNEES #1—THROWLEFT—DOUBLERIGHTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#13RIGHT ROUNDKICK—RIGHT ANGLE EVADE KICK TOTRAINER—RIGHT JUMP FLY KNEE—CROSS—STRAIGHTKNEE #2—LEFT DOWN ELBOW— RIGHT DOWN ELBOW—PUMMEL TO DOUBLE HEAD GRAB—(4) SKIP KNEES #2—THROWLEFT—RIGHTJUMPFLYELBOW.

COMBINATION#14RIGHT ROUND KICK—LONG FOOT JAB—CROSS—STRAIGHT KNEE #2— LEFT PUSH—RIGHT JUMP FLYELBOW—LEFT HOOK—RIGHT ROUND KICK—RIGHT JUMPFLYKNEE—DOUBLELEFTROUNDKICK.

COMBINATION#15JAB—CROSS—LEFTHOOK—CROSS—HIGHLEFTHOOK—BOB & WEAVE (RIGHT)—CROSS—LEFT HOOK—HIGHRIGHT HOOK—BOB & WEAVE (LEFT)—LEFT HOOK—CROSS—LOW LEFT HOOK—RIGHT COVER LOWOUTSIDE—RIGHT UPPERCUT—LEFT HOOK—CROSS—LOWRIGHT HOOK— LEFT COVER LOW OUTSIDE—LEFTUPPERCUT—CROSS—LEFTHOOK.

SPECIFICPROBLEMAREATRAININGTIPS

KEEPINGCHINDOWNPlaceatabletennis(pingpong)ballunderchinandtuckchintohold it inplacewhile shadowboxing.Thedrill also canbedoneusingalargertennisball.(Fig.208)

MAINTAININGHANDPOSITIONPlaceatowelaroundneckandgrabbothendsofthetowelwithhandsateye-level,afist’swidthapart,andafist’swidthfromface.Maintainpositionwhilepracticingmovement.(Fig.209)

MAINTAINING LEGS SHOULDER-WIDTHAPARTAFTERMOVEMENTTie one end of a piece of elastic rope, cord, or band to leftankle and the other end to right ankle. Tie the rope so thelengthof therope isapproximately2 inches longerthanyourshoulder-width. Practice movement and upper body strikeswhiletheropeisattached.(Fig.210)

ABOUTTHEAUTHORJoeE.Harveyisanexperiencedmartialartistwithcloseto20yearsofactivetrainingandteaching.Fascinatedbythemartialarts early on, Joe began official training at the age of ten inYoungstown,Ohio,wherehewasborn. Joeholds ablackbeltfromtraininginMuayThai,FilipinoMartialArts,andJeetKuneDoConcepts fromPatrickTray (seeForeword) at the TridentAcademyofMartialArts,Woodbridge,Virginia.Healsoholdsasecond degree black belt in Taekwondo from Kang Rhee(instructor to Elvis Presley and Bill “Superfoot” Wallace),Memphis, Tennessee. He received his first degree black beltfrom the American Taekwondo Association (ATA) (founded bythelateHuengUngLee),Austintown,Ohio.Joehastrainedinseveral other martial arts and organizations such as Ji DoKwan,Wu-ShuKung-Fu, and JhoonRheeTaekwondo.He alsohad the privilege of training with martial arts legend, DanInosanto.

Joe has a wide range of martial arts knowledge andexperiencesfromteachingandtrainingwithnumerousmartial

artists and their different instructional styles. He hasdevelopedhis skills tobecomeanexperienced technician.HestudieseachArtwithgreatdepth,payingcloseattentiontothefiner details that are often overlooked.With this background,Joegivesafreshanduniqueapproachtowritingamartialartbook.

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