m tfinttm The...Andersonville. Gen. Winder and Capt. Wirz take charge of the prison. The prison...

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ESTABLISHED 1877-2J- EW SERIES. WASHINGTON, D. C, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1898.-W- ITH SUPPLEMENT. YOL. XYII-N-O. 19-W- HOLE NO. 862,

PlKOItlS OF 6E1L

A Story of ReM Military W- - T. SHEtlPlLPrisons. WRITTEN BY HIMSELF.

(COPY KI GUT.

SYNOPSIS OF PKKCEDING CHAPTERS.The wonderful country about Cumber-

land Gap, and the strategic importance ofthat place. Need of food and forage for thegarrison sends a battalion of cavalry upPowell's Valley to secure its supplies. Arebel command starts down the valley.The two forces meet and the rebels arerouted.

The cavalry battalion occupies the coun-try gained, and protects the forage trainssent out to gather up the supplies. OnJan. 3, 1SG1, the battalion is attacked byJones's Brigade of rebels, and after a stub-born, desperate fight is compelled to sur-render. The prisoners arc taken to Rich-mond. Interior and exterior scenes inllichmond.

The first squad of prisoners leave forAndersonville. Gen. Winder and Capt.Wirz take charge of the prison.

The prison fills up with additionalsquads. Prisoners plagued by vermin.

The prisoners' minds are bent on ex-

change or escape. The crowd inside theprison rapidly increases, rations growworse, the misery intensifies, and there isan appalling increase in the mortality.

Plundering prisoners, known as Haiders,attempt the murder of Leroy L. Key, whoforms a band of Regulators. The latter de-

feat the Raiders in battle. TheRaider leaders are court-martial- ed by theprisoners ;ird six are hanged.

The author interpolates in his narrativea transcript of the evidence at the Wirztrial of Prof. Joseph Jones, a Surgeon ofliich rank in the rebel army, who visitedAndersonville to make a scientific study ofthe conditions of disease there.

The horrors of August. The Providen-tial, Spring. Fall of Atlanta. After an-nouncement of a general exchange, theauthor, with others, leaves for Savannah.They are disappointed to find they arenot to be exchanged, but confired in theSavannah prison-pe- n. The prisoners aretaken to Millen.

Sherman's advance frightens the rebelsinto taking the prisoners from Millen. Theyarrive at Blackshear. and soon exchangeis announced, and the rebel officials ex-plain that all must sign the parole. Butafter signing the "parole" they are sent toFlorence. Cruelty of L;eut. Barrett, of theprison there. Statistics as to the number.who died. Interesting incidents of prisonlife.

Prisoners learn of th-- death of John II.Winder. The kird of a man ho was.Sherman advances into South Carolinaand the rebels again move the prisoners,who go by train into North Carolina andlearn of the fall of Wilmington.

They reach the Union lines, where theboys in blue take them in hand ard treatthem'royally. Then they go to Wilming-ton, thence embarking for Annapolis.

CHAPTER LXXX.TERRIBLE SEA-- SI CKNESS ARRIVAL- - AT

ANNAPOLIS UNBOUNDED LCXURYAND"DAYS'OF UNADULTERATED HAPPINESS.

WIND AT LENGTHTHE sufficiently to encourage

Captain to venture out, andwe were soon battling with the

rolling waves, far out of sight of land.Eor awhile the novelty of the scenefascinated me. I was at last on theocean, of which I had heard, read andimagined so much. The creakingcordage, the straining engine, the plung-ing ship, the wild waste of tumblingbillows, every one apparently racing towhere our tossing bark was strugglingto maintain herself, all had nn entranc-ing interest for me, and I tried to recallByron's sublime apostrophe to theocean" Thou glorious mirror, where the Almighty's

formGlosses itself in tempest: in all time,Calm or convulsed in breeze, or gale, orstonn,Icin? the polo, or in the torrid climeDark-heavin- g boundless, endless, and sub-

limeIThc imnjre of eternity the throneOf the invisible: even from out thy slimeThe monsters of the deep arc made; each 7.oncObeys thee: thou goest forth, dread, fathom-

less, alone."

Just then, my reverie was broken bythe strong hand of the gruff Captain ofthe vessel defending upon my shoulder,and he said :

"See, here, youngster! Ain't you thefellow that was put in command of these

I acknowledged such to be the case."Well," said the Captain; "I want

you to 'tend to your business andetraighlen them around, so that we canclean off the decks."

I turned from the bulwark over whichI had been contemplating the vastydeep, and saw the sorriest, most woe-begone lot that the imagination can con-ceive. Every mother's son was wretch-edly sea-sic- k. They were paying thepenalty of their overfeeding in Wil-mington ; and every face looked as ifits owner was discovering for the firsttime what the real lower depths ofhuman misery was. They all seemedafraid they would not die ; as if theywere praying for death, but feeling cer-tain that he was going back on themin a most shameful way.

We straightened them around a little,washed them and the decks off with ahose, and then I started down in thehole to see how matters were with theCOO down there. The boys there weremuch sicker than those on "deck. As Ilifted the hatch there rose an odorwhich appeared strong enough to raisethe plank itself.

I recoiled, and leaned against thebulwark, but scon summoned up courageenough to go half-wa-y down the ladder,and shout out in as stern a tone as Icould command :

"Here, now ! I want you fellows toetraighlen around there, right off, andhelp clean up ! "

They were as angry and cross as theywere sick. They wanted nothing inthe world so much as the opportunity Ihad given them to swear at and abuseomebody. Every cue of them raised

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win Forbes.Two Edwin Forties's great war etchings, and both overflowing with the spirit of the war. The first shows

soldier and gentleman whom military necessity lias reduced doing his own washing. The cxiences "ofthe service have also required him move before his lingerie was dried. The Quartermaster did not issuo anvclotheslines he had use the line of march instead. lie has hung them in the safest place he knows the muzzlpof his gun. 'Jean clothes required ust that protection the army.

on Lis elbow, and shaking his fist at meyelled out:

0, just come down another step, andI'll knock the whole head off'en you."

did not go down any farther.Coming back on the deck my stomach

began to feel qualmish. Some wretchedidiot told me that the best preventive ofsea-sickne- ss was drink much of themilk punch could swallow.

Like another idiot, did so.went again the side of the vessel,

but now the fascination of the scene hadall faded out. The restless billows weredrear, savage, hungry, and dizzying;they seemed to claw at, and tear, andwrench the struggling ship group ofhuge lions would tease and worry cap-tive dog. They distressed her and all

board by dealing blow which wouldsend her reeling in one direction, butbefore she had swung the full lengththat impulse would have sent her, catch-ing her the opposite side withstunning shock that sent her another way,only meet another rude --buflet fromstill another side.

thought we could all have stoodif the motion had been like that ofswing backward and forward evenif the and fro motion had been com-plicated with sidewise swing, but to beput through every possible bewilderingmotion in the briefest space of time wasmore than heads of iron and stomachs ofbrass could stand.

Mine were not made of such perdura-abl- e

stuff. They commenced mutinousdemonstrations in regard to the milkpunch.

While was leaning over the bul-wark, musing- - the complete hollow-nes- s

of all earthly things, the Captain ofthe vessel caught hold of me roughly,and said

"Look here, you're just playin' thevery dickens these heremen. Why don't you stiffen up, andhump yourself around, and make thesemen mind, else belt them over thehead with capstan bar? Now, wantyou 'tend your business. D'youunderstand me?"

turned pair of weary and hopelesseyes .upon him, :.nd started say thatman who would talk one in mv forlorn condition of "stiffening up" and"belting other fellows over the headwith capstan bar," would jnsultwoman dying with consumption, butsuddenly became too full for utterance.

turned my head again to the sea,and looking down into its smaragdinedepths, let go of the victual istic storewhich had been industriously accumu-lating ever since had come throughthe lines.

Unutterably miserable wa3could not refrain from ghost ofsmile, when poor country boy near mesang out in interval between vomit-ing spells:

O, Captain, stop the boat and lem'mego ashore, and swear Til walk everystep of the way home."

He was like old Gonzalo in the

"WASHDAY

Tcmj)est: "Nowwould give thou-sand furlongs of sea for acre of bar-ren ground; long heath; brown furz;anything. The Wills above be done!but would fain die dry death."

After this misery had lasted about twodays we got past Cape Hatteras, andout of reach of its malign influence, andrecovered rapidly we had beenprostrated.

We regained spirits and appetiteswith amazing swiftness; the sun cameout warm and cheerful, we cleaned upour quarters and ourselves best wecould, and during the remainder of thevoyage were blithe and cheerfulmany crickets.

The fun in the cabin was rollicking.The officers had been sick the men,but were wonderfully vivacious whenthe mal da mer passed off. In the partywas fine glee club, which had beenorganized at Camp Sorgum," the ofii-cer- s'

prison at Columbia. Its leaderwas Major of the 5th Iowa Caw, whopossessed marvelously sweet tenorvoice and well-develop- musicalpowers. While we were at Wilmingtonhe sang "When Sherman MarchedDown to the Sea" audience ofsoldiers that packed the Opera Housedensely.

The enthusiasm he aroused was simplyindescribable; men shouted, and theuraia uown ineir iaces. lie was re-

called time and again, each time withincrease in the furore. The audience

would have staid there all night to listento him sing that one song. Poor fellow,he only went home to die. An attackof pneumonia carried him off withinfortnight after we separated at Annapo-lis.

Ihe Glee Club had several songswhich they rendered in regular neirro:..4..iiinuauui biyw, ana way mat wasirresistibly ludicrous. One of theirfavorites was "Billy Patterson." Allstanding up in ring, the tenors wouldlead off:

saw old man ridlnjc by."and the baritones, flinging themselvesaround with the looseness of Christy'sMinstrels, in "break-down,- " wouldreply

Don't tell me! Don't tellThen the tenors would resume:

"Says 'Ole man, your liorou-'l- l die.'"Then the baritones, with air of ex-

aggerated interest."A-h-a.a-- a, Hilly Patterson!"

Tenors

An' lives. I'll ride aln."All together, jvilh furious break-

down at the close

"Then I'll lnynvc dollars down.And count, them one by one;hen I'll lay dollais'down,

anybody will show the manhat struck Hilly 1'uttorson."And on. It used to upset my

gravity entirely to see crowd of graveand dignified Captains, Majors, andColonels going through this nonsensicaldrollery with all the abandon of pro-fessional burnt-cor- k artists.

IN THE ARMY." ON

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"On Picket " is even more eloqnent. It shows a Tvar-wo-ra veteran everything about him is indicative of

good and hard service who is doing his turn at the responsible duty of serving as "eyes of the army." He is notout there for recreation, but for weighty business, as any gentlemen in butternut would discover if they venturedinto the range of those strong, keen eyes. It would not be healthy for them anywhere within a half-mil- e of thattrusty Springfield rifle, that he lia3 ready for instant jise.,i - - v.-- - ---

As we were nearing the entrance toChesapeake Bay we passed a great moni-tor, who was exercising her crew at theguns. She fired directly across ourcourse, th'e huge 400-poun- d balls skip-ping along the water, about a mile aheadof us, as we boys used to make the flatstones skip in the play of " Ducks andDrakes." One or two of the shotscame so close that I feared she mightbe mistaking us for a rebel shin intenton some raid up the Bay, and 1 lookedup anxiously to sr--c that the flag shouldfloat out so conspicuously that she couldnot help seeing it.

The next day our vessel ran along-side of the dock at the Naval Academyat Annapolis, that Institution now beingused as a hospital for paroled prisoners.The musicians of the Post band camedown with stretchers to carry the sick tothe hospital, whiJa those of us who wereable to walk were ordered to fall in andmarch up.

The distance wa3 but a few hundredyards. On reaching the building wemarched up on ajittle balcony, and aswe did so each onepf us was seized by ahospital attendant, who, with the quickdexterity attained by long practice,snatched every one of our rags off inthe twinkling of an eye, and flung themover the railing to the ground, where aman loaded them into a wagon with apitchfork. With them went our faith-ful little black can, our hoop-iro- n spoon,and our.chessboard and men.

Thus entirely denuded, each boy wasgiven a shove which sent him into alittle room, where a barber pressed himdown upon a stool', and almost before heunderstood what was being done had hishair and beard cutoff as close as shearswould do it Another tap on the backsent the shorn lamb into a room fur-nished with great tubs of water andwith about six inches of soapsuds on thezinc-covere- d floor. '

n another minute two men withGponges had removed every trace ofprison grime frprri jhis body, and passedhim on to two jnoi'e men, who wined himdry, and moved hijn on to where a manhanded him a iiewsliirt, a pair of drawers,pair of soks, pairjof pantaloons, pair ofslippers, and a .hospital gown, andmotioned him to go on into the largeroom and array himself in his new gar-ments. 1

Like cverythingielsc about the hospi-tal this performance was reduced to aperfect system. Not? a word was spokenby anybody,-no- t af moment's time lost,and it seemed to me that it was not 10minutes after I marched up on the bal-cony, covered , with dirt, rags, vermin,and a: majlted shock of hair, until Imarched out of the room, clean and wellclothed. l?fow I began to feel as if Iwas really a man again. ,.

The next thing done .was to registerour names, rank, regiment, when andwhere captured, when and where re-leased, etc. After this- - we were shownto our rooms. And such rooms as thevwere. All the old imaids in the country

S,i $.,.

PICKET."

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could not have improved their spick-spa- n

neatness. The floors were as whiteas pine plank could be scoured; thesheets and bedding a3 clean as cottonand linen and woolen could be washed.Nothing in any home in the land wasany more daintily, wholesomely, unquali-fiedly clean than were these little cham-bers, each containing two beds, one foreach man assigned to their occupancy.

Andrews doubted if he could standall this radical change in our habits.He feared that it was rushing things toofast. We might have had our hair cutone week, and taken a bath all over aweek later, and so progress down tosleeping between white sheets in thecourse of six months, but to do it all inone day seemed liko tempting fate.

Every turn showed us some new feat-ure of the marvelous order of tlu3 wonderful institution. Shortly after wewere sent to our rooms, a Surgeon en- -

tered with a clerk. After answeringthe usual questions as to name, rank,company and regiment, the Surgeon examined our tongues, eyes, limbs, andgeneral appearance, and communicatedhis conclusions to the clerk, who filledout a blank card with something on itlike this: "No. 101. Mc ,Co. L, IGth 111. Cav. Entered March ,1865. Diagnosis General Debility.Prognosis Favorable. Diet No. 1."

This card was stuck into a little tinholder at the head of my bed. Andrews'scard was the same, except the name.The Surgeon was followed by a Sergeant,who was chief of the dining-roo- m, andhis clerk, who made a minute of the dietordered for us and moved off. Andrewsand I immediately became very solicitous to know what species of diet No. 1was.

After the seasickness left us our appe-tites became as ravenous as a buzz-saw-,

and unless diet No. 1 was more than No.1 in name, it would not fill the bill.AVe had not long to remain in suspense,for soou another ed offi-

cer passed through at the head of atrain of attendants, bearing trays.

Consulting the list in his hand, hesaid to one of his followers, " Two No.l's," and that satellite set down twolarge plates, upon each of which were acup of coflee, a shred of meat, two boiledeggs and a couple of rolls.

" Well," said Andrews, as the proces- -

sion moved away, " I want to knowwhere this thing's going to stop. I amtrying hard to get used to wearing aclean shirt, and to sit down on a chair,and to sleep in a clean bed, but when itcomes to having my meals sent to myroom, I'm afraid I'll degenerate into apampered child of luxury. They arereally piling it on too strong. Let ussee, Mc, how long's it been since Ave

were sitting on, the sand there in Flor-ence, boiling our pint of meal in thatold can ? "

" It seems many years, Lale," I said ;

"but for heaven's sake let us try to for--et it as soon as possible. We will al

ways remember too much of it."

,.- ,.rJgK. .js m&T$m&&&2&: yyJSS-t- ,. r sU..r .?&

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Published by Fords, Howard &uuioert, oi iNew lorK.

And we did try hard to make themiserable recollections fade out of ourminds. When we were stripped on thebalcony we threw away every visibletoken that could remind us of the hate-ful experience we had passed through.We did not retain a scrap of paper or arelic to recall the unhappy past. Weloathed everything connected with it.

The day3 that followed were veryhappy ones. The Paymaster camearound and paid us each two months'pay and 25 cents a day " ration money "for every day we had been in prison.This gave Andrews and I about onehundred and sixty-fiv-e dollars apiecean abundance of spending money. UncleSam was very kind and considerate tohis soldier nephews, and the hospitalauthorities neglected nothing that wouldadd to our comfort. The superbly-kep- tgrounds of the Naval Academy wererenewing the freshness of their lovelinessunder the tender wooing of the advancing Spring, and every step one saunteredthrough them was a new delight Amagnificent band gave us sweet musicmorning and evening. Every dispatchfrom the South told of the victoriousprogress of our arms, and the rapid ap-proach of the close of the struggle. Allwe had to do was to enjoy the goods thegods were showering upon us, and wedid so with appreciative, thankful hearts.After awhile all able to travel weregiven furloughs of 30 days to visit theirhomes, with instructions to report at theexpiration of their leaves of absence tothe camps of rendezvous nearest theirhomes, and we separated, nearly everyman going in a different direction.

CHAPTER LXXXLBELTOIOUS LIFE AND WOKK IN AXDERSON-VILL- E

HOW CArTURED IMPRESSIONSON REACHING THE TRISON nOW TREAT-ED LOOKING FOR RELIGIOUS COMPAN-IONS NOTES FROM DAY TO DAY.

The author here interpolates in hisnarrative the contribution of Rev. T. J.Sheppard, of Ohio, regarding religiouswork in Andersonville. Rev. Sheppardsays :

"Never can I forget the mingledemotions of surprise, mortification andhorror I experienced when, in the con-fusion of a night attack. I found myself hopelessly in the hands of theenemy. I thought I had consideredevery other chance of a soldier's fatewhen in the passion of patriotism I en-

listed for three years or the war."Bewildered by the unexpectedness

of the calamity, it was only after re-

peated and impatient orders that I re-

linquished my gun and cartridge-box- .Yet, dazed as 1 was in this regard, withrespect 10 many surrounding circum-stances, I never had more vivid impres-sions.

" ' That's my gun cried one of therebels. ' That's my cartridge-box- ,' saidanother. ' I tako that haversack,' crieda third, while the fourth dropped at myfeet his old gray cap, whose external

(Continued on third pugo)

INTERESTING EPISODES

The General a Busy Man AfterRetirement.

A SOLDIER TO THE LAST

Refused to Accept a Nomination for

President

ALLEGED CHANGE OP DOCTRINE

Sherman's Accusation Against JeffDavis Which Caused a Sensation.

(COPTEIOKT).

O COMMENT IS NEEDEDN here on the action of Gen. Sher-man in retiring from the command of the Army. At the date

of his retirement he was living in hisold residence, 912 Garrison Ave., St.Louis, Mo., where his two devoted Aids-de-Cam- p,

Cols. J. E. Touttellotte andJohn M. Bacon, reported daily for dutyuntil the official order of PresidentArthur, announcing the severance oftheir chief from his connection with theArmy relieved the Aids from their per-sonal attendance, remanding them totheir positions in their respective regi-ments.

During the ensuing year Gen. Sher-man, unattended and unassisted, handledhis vast correspondence, public andprivate, answering in person all lettersand dispatches, and arranging his volu-minous papera for the future historian.His letters and telegrams of this periodare found copied in hi3 own hand in m3letter-boo- k, and will in due time be givento the public.

The Chicago Convention met in Juneof this year to nominate the Kepublicancandidate for President of the UnitedStates, and in anticipation of their prob-able action the General received raanjletters urging him strongly to accepfethe nomination in case it should beoffered. His answer was that he couldnot accept or decline what had not beenoffered, but that in due time he wouldpositively forbid the use of his name be-

fore the Convention.On May 25, 1884, Hon. James G.

Blaine wrote: "At the approachingConvention at Chicago it is more thatipossible, it is indeed not improbable,that you may be nominated for thePresidency. If so, you must stand yourhand, accept the responsibility, and as-

sume the duties of the place to whichyou will surely be chosen if a candi-date."

DECLINED A NOMINATION.

To this letter Gen. Sherman answered r"I will not in any event entertain or

accept a nomination as a candidate forPresident by the Chicago RepublicanConvention or any other convention, forreasons personal to myself."

Gen. Henderson, of Missouri, beforegoing to Chicago, where he acted asPresident of the Convention, called onGen. Sherman and urged, by everyargument at his command, his accept-ance of the nomination. The answermade to this appeal may be gatheredfrom the conclusion of a telegram toGen. Henderson written on June 3 afterthe work of the Convention had begun," Please decline any nomination for mein language strong but courteous," fol-lowed by a letter on June 5, which con-cludes with equal firmness, " there is noshadow of excuse to call on me to makea sacrifice of interest, inclination, or con-viction of what is right in the premises."

An interesting letter to Hon. J. R.Doolittle answers the arguments urgedby Gen. Sherman's friends in favor ofhis acceptance : " I have absolute faithin the vitality of this young Nation ;believe it will stand a good deal of baddoctoring,' and am more than ever will-

ing to risk its life and welfare to thosewho make politics their profession."

The son of Gen. Sherman tells thewriter of these pages that he wa3 sittingin his father's office on June 5, when atelegram came from Gen. Henderson,still more urgent, demanding the rightto use his name before the Convention,and stating that he might be nominatedat any moment by. acclamation. Hisfather telegraphed immediately. "Iwill not accept if nominated, and willnot serve if elected," etc. A few mo-

ments later a telegram arrived from Mr.Blaine at Augusta in which he beggedthe General to put aside personal con-siderations and submit to the will of theConvention. In answer the Generalsimply repeated in substance his tele-

gram to Henderson.Alluding to this occurrence some years

later Mr. Sherman asked his fatherwhether he had ever for a moment hesi-

tated in his purpose not to accept thenomination for the Presidency. " It didseem to mo at one time," he answered," that I had better sacrifice myself and

Published by permission of. D. AppletonCo., publishers of the Personal Memoirs otGeu. W. T. Bhormau.