Luther Starts the Reformation (48-52) The Reformation Continues (53-56)

ReformationLuther Starts the Reformation (48-52)

The Reformation Continues (53-56)

Main Idea: Martin Luther’s protest over the abuses in the Catholic Church led to the founding of the Protestant churches.

Why it matters now?◦ Nearly ¼ of all Christians today are Protestant.

Sample student project -

Luther Starts the Reformation

Causes of the Reformation and Luther’s Involvement

Modern World History – pages 48-50

The Renaissance encouraged people to seek their individual potential and achievements

The Italian Renaissance focused on secular ideas and Classical (Greco-Roman) examples

The Northern Renaissance sought to improve their societies through techniques used in humanism.

Causes of the Reformation

Problems in the Catholic Church (p. 48)◦ Corrupt leaders (popes) who spent too much

money on luxuries and not enough money on the poor.

◦ Popes who were too involved in worldly politics and family affairs

◦ Poorly educated priests who could not teach the people

Causes of the Reformation

Early Calls to Reform (p. 48)

Early ReformersCommon Disagreements

French: Desiderus Erasmus

Italian: Girolamo Savonrola

HRE: John Huss & Ulrich Zwingli

England: Thomas More

John Wycliff

All authority comes from the Bible

Read the Bible in the vernacular

Pope should have spiritual power not worldly power

Event: Some of the priests in the Catholic Church were selling indulgences (a pardon).

Cause: Johann Tetzel was raising money to rebuild St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome. Martin Luther disagreed with this practice

Effect: Martin Luther wrote a letter of disagreement (a theses) and posted in on the Wittenberg church door.

Luther Challenges the Church

Event: In 1517, Luther posts his 95 theses on the church door in Wittenburg. (p. 49)

Cause: Luther wanted to get a discussion going

Effect: Someone copied the 95 theses and passed it out to everyone.

Luther Challenges the Church

Event: In 1520, Pope Leo X excommunicated Martin Luther, unless Luther recanted.(p. 49)

Cause: The pope saw Luther as a threat to the papacy or the beliefs of the Catholic church.

Effect: Leo X told Luther to take back his statements; Luther refused. So Leo X cut Luther out of the church (excommunicated)

Luther Challenges the Church

Event: In 1521, Emperor Charles V called Martin Luther to Worms to stand trial. (p. 49-50)

Cause: Charles was a devote Catholic and was trying to support his church.

Effect: Charles made the Edict of Worms: Luther was an outlaw

Luther Challenges the Church

Event: In 1521-22, Prince Frederick provided a safe house for Luther where he could translate the Bible into German (p. 50)

Cause: Frederick was using Luther’s cause to free himself from the Catholic Church.

Effect: Luther quit trying to reform the Catholic church and founded his own Lutheran church.

Luther Challenges the Church

Event: The German peasants revolt in 1524. (p. 50)

Cause: Peasants thought they could experience political freedom as well.

Effect:Luther sided with the princes, who crushed the revolt; the peasants rejected Lutheranism.

Luther Challenges the Church

Event: By 1529, German princes fought for the Lutheran and the Catholic churches; this war ended in 1555 when the Peace of Augsburg was signed (p. 50)

Cause: Some princes were true converts to the Lutheran cause; some princes want church lands and control taken from Charles V.

Effect: The religion of each German state was to be decided by the prince of that state.

Luther Challenges the Church

English ReformationKing VIII of EnglandElizabeth I of EnglandAnglican Church

Cause: Henry VIII needed a male heir Effect: Henry VIII had six wives:

1. Catherine of Aragon2. Anne of Boleyn3. Jane Seymour4. Anne of Cleves5. Catherine Howard6. Catherine Parr

Henry’s break from the Catholic Church

Henry VIII

Event: The English Parliament approves the Act of Supremacy in 1534 (p. 51)

Cause: Henry wanted a divorce and could not obtain one from the Catholic Church. He asked Parliament to separate England from the Catholic Church.

Effect: Parliament made the King the head of the Church.

The Reformation Parliament

Event: In 1547, Edward VI, who became king at age nine, ruled for six years. (p. 52)

Cause: When Henry died,Edward became king.

Effect: Edward was sickly and died early.

Rule of Edward VI

Event: In 1553, Mary I, a Catholic, became queen after Edward’s death. (p. 52)

Cause:Mary returned England to the Catholic Church.

Effect: Mary killed many people, earning the name “Bloody Mary”.

Rule of Mary

Event: In 1558, Elizabeth I, who was Protestant like her mother, became the queen of England. (p. 52)

Cause: Elizabeth sets up the Church of England, again.

Effect: Everyone has to attend church or pay a fine. Church of England was the only legal church.

Rule of Elizabeth I

Event: In 1559, England’s parliament established the official Anglican church. (p. 52)

Cause: Elizabeth tried to unite Catholics and Protestants under one church.

Effect: ◦ For the Protestants, she said priests could marry,

sermons were in English.

◦ For Catholics, she made a Common Book of Prayers. The priests both were adorned in robes, had gold chalices, etc.

Parliament and the Anglican Church

King Phillip II of Spain attacked England (p. 52)◦ Reason: Elizabeth aided Protestant under his

control.

◦ How: Sent a huge force: 130 ships, 8,000 sailors, and 19,000 soldiers

◦ Result: Combination of weather and the English navy defeated the armada

The Spanish Armada

English Reformation – student slide show Turning Points in History – summary Martin Luther rap Martin Luther – student rap project

Sample Videos

The Reformation Continues

Modern World History (53-56)• Calvin begins Another Church• Other Reformers• The Catholic Reformation

Main Idea: John Calvin and other Reformation leaders began new Protestant churches. The Catholic Church also made reforms.

Why it matters now?◦ Many Protestant churches began during this

period, and many Catholic schools are the result of Catholic reforms.

The Reformation Continues

Terms and Names◦ Predestination◦ Calvinism◦ Theocracy◦ Presbyterian◦ Anabaptist◦ Catholic Reform◦ Jesuits◦ Council of Trent

The Reformation Continues

Summarize the important information from the section that you are given to present to the class.◦ John Calvin’s Teaching (p. 53)◦ Calvin Runs Geneva, Switzerland (p. 53)◦ Calvinism Spreads (p. 53)◦ Anabaptists (p. 54) ◦ Ignatius of Loyola & Jesuits (p. 55-56)◦ Reforming Popes (p. 56)

Create and perform a skit that helps students remember the key ideas highlighted on your cards.

Class Assignment

Roman Catholic Church

Eastern Orthodox

Lutheran Anglican Presbyterian

Christian Church spilts

Calvinism

Presbyterian

Huguenots

Anabaptist

Baptists Puritans

MennenniteAmish

Quakers & Shakers

Protestant Churches Divide

Read the map on page 54 and answer the following questions.

1. Which countries of Europe were mainly Protestant and which ones remained mostly Catholic?

2. What two other religious existed at the time?

3. Judging from the way the religions were distributed, where would you expect to religious conflicts to occur?

Religions in Europe, 1560

Question 1: Catholic Countries: Portugal, Spain, France,

Netherlands, Italian states, Ireland, & Swiss Confederation

Protestant Countries: ◦ Lutheran: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, (some)

German states◦ Anglican: England; Calvinist: Scotland

Mixed Countries: Poland, Austria, Hungary

Religions in Europe, 1560

Question 2:◦ Muslim – eastern Africa & Turkey◦ Eastern Orthodox – Ottoman Empire (Greece and

Russia) Mostly one color w/ a little:

◦ Swiss Confederation (Catholic/Calvinist)◦ Ireland (Catholic/Anglican)◦ Germany (Lutheran/Catholic)

Religions in Europe, 1560

Calvinism

◦ People are sinful by nature

◦ We are dunghill covered in snow

◦ We have salvation through faith alone

◦ Predestination (chosen ahead) for the Elected

◦ Nonbelievers were punished (burned at the stake)

John Calvin’s Teachings

Theocracy – rule of society by religious leaders

Strict moral rules – no cards, dancing, bright colors

Switzerland, Europe

Calvin Runs Geneva

John Knox

◦ Presbyterianism (Scotland)

◦ Mary Queen of Scots was Catholic

Huguenots (France)

◦ Huguenots are Protestants

◦ Violence with Catholics

◦ 12,000 Huguenots on St. Barthlomew’s Day

(1572)

Calvinism Spreads

“Baptize again”

Adult not infant baptism

Separation of church and state

Refusal to fight in wars

Mennonites, Amish, Quakers, and Baptists

Anabaptists

Ignatius of Loyola

◦ Daily devotions to Jesus and daily mass (church

services)

◦ Founder of the Society of Jesus

The Jesuits

◦ Founded schools in Europe

◦ Converted non-Christians to Catholicism

◦ Stopped the spread of Protestantism in Poland and

Southern Germany.

Catholic Reformation

Paul III◦ Reform Council of Cardinals◦ Approved of the Jesuits◦ Approved Inquisition

Council of Trent◦ Church Interpretation of Bible ◦ Salvation by faith and good works◦ Bible and tradition equal for Christian life◦ Indulgences valid expression of faith but not to sell

Paul IV ◦ Burned heretical books

Reforming Popes