LUSI - Humanitus SFLUSI PULUNGAN PORONG 050 100 Km THE KENDENG ZONE IS CHARACTERIZED BY A COMPLEX...

SA 1

LUSI

• GEOLGICAL ANALYSIS• SOCIAL IMPACT AND• SUGGESTED TEMPORARY

SOLUTION

PACIFIC PLATE

INDIAN-AUSTRALIANPLATE

EURASIAN PLATE

TECTONIC POSITION AND PHISIOGRAPHIC CONDITION OF INDONESIANREGION SURROUNDED BYTHREE APPROACHINGMEGA PLATES,NORTH MOVING AUSTRALIAN,WEST MOVING PACIFIC ANDSOUTHEAST MOVINGEURASIAN PLATES.

TECTONIC POSITION AND PHISIOGRAPHIC CONDITION OF INDONESIANREGION SURROUNDED BYTHREE APPROACHINGMEGA PLATES,NORTH MOVING AUSTRALIAN,WEST MOVING PACIFIC ANDSOUTHEAST MOVINGEURASIAN PLATES.

Tectonic setting of JavaIsland

is the result of convergentof 2 mega plate,

the northeast movingAustralian plate and

Sunda plate in the north

PRESENT TECTONIC MAPOF INDONESIA

EAST JAVA

CONVERGENT MODEL

Yogya earthquakeFriday May 27, 2006at 5:43 AM local time

Yogya earthquakeFriday May 27, 2006at 5:43 AM local time

• 6.3 RS (strong)• Killed 5.750 people

• USGS tensor solution (left lateral)

we are here

Java trench

Merapi volcano

• regional plate tectonic settingof Java island

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Australianplate

Sunda plate

plate motionvector

Merapi volcano

YOGYAKARTA

PRAMBANAN

Geography and geologic mapof yogyakarta region

The NE-SW trending fault is indicated in this map

as uncertain

Yogya earthquakeFriday May 27, 2006at 5:43 AM local time

YOGYAKARTA

PRAMBANAN

increasing activityof Merapi volcano

Yogya earthquakeFriday May 27, 2006at 5:43 AM local time

YOGYAKARTA

PRAMBANAN

increasing activityof Merapi volcano

June 2006paroxismal eruption

of Merapi

increasing activityof Merapi volcano

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plate

May 29 2006mud, gas and hot water

erupted at Sidoarjo

May 29 2006mud, gas and hot water

erupted at Sidoarjo

• merapi volcano and• semeru reactivated

Tectonic setting of JavaIsland and

East Java region

TECTONIC POSITION AND PHISIOGRAPHIC CONDITION OF INDONESIANREGION SURROUNDED BYTHREE APPROACHINGMEGA PLATES,NORTH MOVING AUSTRALIAN,WEST MOVING PHILIPPINE ANDSOUTHEAST MOVINGEURASIAN PLATES.

JAVA ISLAND

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plate

seismic zonerelated to plate movement

seismic zonerelated toactive faults

Tectonic setting of JavaIsland and

East Java regionand distribution of epicentres

East Javais a tectonicactive region

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plate

seismic zonerelated to plate movement

seismic zonerelated toactive faults

Tectonic setting of JavaIsland and

East Java region

East Javais a tectonicactive region

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plate STRATIGRAPHICSETTING

TECTONIC SETTING

NORTH SOUTH

ACCRE-TIONARYWEDGE

MAGMATICARC

FORE ARC

BACKARC

MAGMATICARC

BACKARC

INTRAARC

CONTINENTALPLATFORM

BACKARC

Tectonic setting of East java

HALL R, 2002 : EAST JAVA

THERE ARE MANY FEATURES IN THISREGION WHICH DO NOT FITT THECONVENTIONAL MODELS :▪ VOLCANIC ACTIVITY BEGAN ERLIER

THAN REPORTED▪ CHARACTER NOT EXCLUSIVELY

ANDESITIC▪ BASINS DO NOT RIFT BASINS▪ THEIR FILL HAS SOME UNUSUAL

CHARACTERISTICS

Geology Model

(LAPINDO 2006)

Tectonic setting of East java

HALL R, 2002 : EAST JAVA

THERE ARE MANY FEATURES IN THISREGION WHICH DO NOT FITT THECONVENTIONAL MODELS :▪ VOLCANIC ACTIVITY BEGAN ERLIER

THAN REPORTED▪ CHARACTER NOT EXCLUSIVELY

ANDESITIC▪ BASINS DO NOT RIFT BASINS▪ THEIR FILL HAS SOME UNUSUAL

CHARACTERISTICS

Sidoarjo area

tectonic movements inducedby plate subduction,

resulted in reactivation ofexisting faults and released of energy

which is the source of earthquake,volcanism and other geological phenomena

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plate

tectonic movements inducedby plate subduction,

resulted in reactivation ofexisting faults and released of energy

which is the source of earthquake,volcanism and other geological phenomena

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plate

PLATE TECTONIC MODELAND GRAVITY ANOMALY

GENERALISED CROSS SECTION

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plateEast java

Basinal area

yogyakarta

sidoarjo

Indian plate

Sunda plate

Extremely low gravityanomaly

“BOGOR-KENDENG” ZONE, A TECTONICDEPRESSION IN THE CENTRAL PART OF JAVAISLAND,COMPRISING OF RESTRICTED SEDIMENTARY BASINSWITH RAPID SEDIMENT FILL DERRIVED FROMTHE EXTINC AND ACTIVE VOLCANOES IN THE SOUTH

IN THE EASTERN PART OF JAVA,THE KENDENG BASIN SHOWS A SIGNIFICANTGAVITY LOW, WHICH CAN BE INTERPRETEDAS CONSISTING OF VERY THICK RELATIVELYLOW DENSITY SEDIMENTARY SEQUENCE

PHYSIOGRAPHIC UNITSOF JAVA AND REGIONAL GEOLOGY

TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONOF EAST JAVA BASIN

STRUCTURAL PATTERNOF EAST JAVA BASIN

2 SETS OF FAULT PATERNCHARACTERIZED THE

STRUCTURAL GRAIN OF THE BASIN:1 THE NE-SW PRE-TERTIARY

PATTERN AND2. THE E-W TERTIARY PATTERN

2 SETS OF FAULT PATERNCHARACTERIZED THE

STRUCTURAL GRAIN OF THE BASIN:1 THE NE-SW PRE-TERTIARY

PATTERN AND2. THE E-W TERTIARY PATTERN

Piercement of diapirand extrusion of mud, hot water

and gas is common

THE KENDENG ZONE IS CHARACTERIZEDBY A COMPLEX STRUCTURAL GRAIN,BOUNDED BY ACTIVE AS WELL AS(SAKALA FLT) IN-ACTIVE FAULTS PATTERN

Piercement of diapirand extrusion of mud, hot water

and gas is common

Distribution of Mud Volcanoes in East Java

BLEDUK KUWUSOCAH G. ANYARTUBAN

SANGIRAN

OFFSHORE

K. ANYAR

DAWAR BLANDONG PROBOLINGGO

DENANYAR PENGANGSON

LUSI

PULUNGAN

PORONG0 50 100

Km

THE KENDENG ZONE IS CHARACTERIZEDBY A COMPLEX STRUCTURAL GRAIN,BOUNDED BY ACTIVE AS WELL AS(SAKALA FLT) IN-ACTIVE FAULTS PATTERN

Piercement of diapirand extrusion of mud, hot water

and gas is common

GRESIK

THE KENDENG ZONE IS CHARACTERIZEDBY A COMPLEX STRUCTURAL GRAIN,BOUNDED BY ACTIVE AS WELL AS(SAKALA FLT) IN-ACTIVE FAULTS PATTERN

Less deformedRembang zone:Is a tectonic activetransition zone

Kendeng Zone :Appears to beaffected by episodeof thrusting

Piercement of diapirand extrusion of mud, hot water

and gas is common

THE KENDENG ZONE IS CHARACTERIZEDBY A COMPLEX STRUCTURAL GRAIN,BOUNDED BY ACTIVE AS WELL AS(SAKALA FLT) IN-ACTIVE FAULTS PATTERN

SEISMIC EXPRESSION THROUGCENTRAL DEEP

SHOWS INTENSIVEDEFORMATION ANDDIAPIR STRUCTURES

Piercement of diapirand extrusion of mud, hot water

and gas is common

THE KENDENG BASIN IS CHARACTERIZEDBY A COMPLEX STRUCTURAL GRAIN,BOUNDED BY ACTIVE AS WELL AS(SAKALA FLT) IN-ACTIVE FAULTS PATTERN

N-S CROSS SECTION ACCROS KENDENGZONE DEPICTING INTENSIVE

COMPRESSION IN THE SOUTH

Toni Simo et al IPA 2011

KALANG ANYARMUD VOLCANO

EXAMPLE FROMKALANG ANYAR – A DORMANT MUD VULCANO –

SIDOARJO (EAST JAVA);

KALANG ANYAR (South of Juanda

Airport)KALANG ANYARMUD VOLCANO

B.Istadi (2006)

EXAMPLE FROMKALANG ANYAR – A DORMANT MUD VULCANO –

SIDOARJO (EAST JAVA);

The presence of large exotic blocks cosistingof sandstones and limestones and sheared shales surrounding the mud volcanoes indicate inactive (dormant) diapir through which the mud volcanoesextrude

EXAMPLE FROMGUNUNG ANYAR – A DORMANT MUD VULCANO –

SIDOARJO (EAST JAVA);A DARK BLACK SOIL WITH STRONG OIL SMELL.

the source of a mud volcano may be a subsurface layer or diapir of highly plastic,

and probably undercompactedmud or shale.

mud volcanoes also commonlyappear to be related to fracture,

faulting or sharp foldingin the earthcrust

WHICH IS A TECTONIC PROCESS

A SCIENTIFIC BASE AS A TOOLTO EXPLAIN THE PHENOMENA;A BRANCH OF GEOLOGY THAT SEEKSTO EXPLAIN OBSERVED PATTERNSOF DEFORMATION AND SEISMICITYIN THE OUTER SHELL OF THE EARTH

REACTIVATION OF FAULTS INKENDENG BASIN DUE TOPLATE MOVEMENT (TECTONIC)CREATE EARTH QUAKE(ENERGY RELEASE) RELATED TOFAULTING, ANDEXTRUSION OF MOBILE CLAYFROM THE DEEPER PART OFTHE BASIN

1

REACTIVATION OF FAULTS INKENDENG BASIN DUE TOPLATE MOVEMENTCREATE EARTH QUAKE(ENERGY RELEASE) RELATED TOFAULTING AND,EXTRUSION OF MOBILE CLAYFROM THE DEEPER PART OFTHE BASIN

REACTIVATION OF FAULTS INKENDENG BASIN DUE TOPLATE MOVEMENTCREATE EARTH QUAKE(ENERGY RELEASE) RELATED TOFAULTING AND,EXTRUSION OF MOBILE CLAYFROM THE DEEPER PART OFTHE BASIN SINCE MANY-2 YEARS

REACTIVATION OF FAULTS INKENDENG BASIN DUE TOPLATE MOVEMENTCREATE EARTH QUAKE(ENERGY RELEASE) RELATED TOFAULTING AND,EXTRUSION OF MOBILE CLAYFROM THE DEEPER PART OFTHE BASIN SINCE MANY-2 YEARS

PEOPLE STAY ANDBUILT HOUSES ON TOPOF MUD VOLCANO

B.Istadi (2006)

The possible mechanism for the piercement of thediapir is assumed that the diapir are laterallyconstrained.It is also suggested that the formation and fill of the basinwas verry rapid

2

PORONG SUB-BASIN& CENTRAL DEEP

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT TO CENTRAL DEEPPorongsub-basin

Centraldeep

SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

3 The motivating force responsible for a mud volcano is, in part, simply also the weight of rock overburden borne by the fluid content of undecompacted shales.

PORONG SUB-BASINREPRESENTING LARGE

ANCIENT DELTA

PORONG SUB=BASIN

4 THE SOURCE OF MUD :Source of Solid / water

Source of water

2

Dep

th (

ft) 1

3

4

• LUSI fluids correspond to group 4 (5300-6000 ft)

• Foram + nannofossil section 4000-6000 ft• Thermal maturity suggest input from 5100

– 6300 ft• The presence of Volcaniclastic sandVolcaniclastic

sand

Modified from B.Istadi (2006)

COMPLEX TECTONIC SETTING ANDEVOLUTION OF EAST JAVA REGIONS

COMPLEX TECTONIC SETTING ANDEVOLUTION OF EAST JAVA REGIONS

A COMBINATION OF RAPIDBURIAL AND TECTONIC COMPRESSION

MAY RESULTED IN OVERPRESSINGWHICH INDUCE PIERCEMENT OF

DIAPIR AND FORMED MUD VOLCANOES

COMPLEX TECTONIC SETTING ANDEVOLUTION OF EAST JAVA REGIONS

It is likely that the redistributed stress and strain in several parts of East Java region

due to tectonic activity caused

reactivation of fractures and faults, affecting the fluid pressure and permeability of the shale and ultimately triggered

the eruption through the already overpresed subsurface,

SOCIAL IMPACT1. Mud volcanoes produce localized

permanent deformation such as collapsefeatures from sudden extrusion duringeruption

Current Relief Well Location

Proposed new Relief Well Locations

BJP-R4

BJP-R2

BJP-R3Istadi(2006)

SOCIAL IMPACT2. Mud volcanoes produce localized flooding

of the surrounding area, of which the directionof flow is determine by geomorphic featureof the land

SOCIAL IMPACT2. Mud volcanoes produce localized flooding

of the surrounding area, of which the directionof flow is determine by geomorphic featureof the land

and can not be stoppedpermanently

Simple cartoon plate tectonic convergentmodel showing the distribution of

earthquake epicentres

THANK YOU