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Lund-Potsdam-Jena managed land (LPJmL)
Process-based agriculture, vegetation and
hydrology model
A short, simple and informal introduction
Marianela Fader
June 2015
1
Marianela Fader
One grid-cell in LPJmL
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Irrigated and rainfed
agriculture, grasslands,
natural vegetation
Phenology
C, H2O exchange
Management
AET
Ci
Climate, CO2 concentration, soil structure, land use
Production
• River discharge (Gerten et al., 2004;
Biemans et al. , 2009)
• Irrigation water requirements (Rost et
al., 2008)
• Water consumption of crops (Fader et
al., 2010)
• Etc.
Photosynthesis
Water
availability
Interception
Evaporation
Infiltration
Surface
runoff
0.5°
Marianela Fader
Model inputs & availability
• Monthly climate (temperature, precipitation, rainy days, cloud cover). Global, 0.5 arc degrees. CRU 1901-2009. Climate models until 2100.
• Soil structure (not type!). Static.
• Global atm. CO2-concentrations. 1901-2010.
• Land use dataset: irrigated and rainfed (separated!) sowing areas for each class. Global, 0.5 arc degrees. M.Fader‘s dataset from 1700-2010.
• Weather generator: daily climate.
• Secondary inputs: potential evapotranspiration and soil temperature
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Marianela Fader
Plant classes & parametrisation Natural vegetation (pft) Sitch et al., 2003
1. tropical broad-leaved evergreen;
2. tropical broad-leaved raingreen;
3. temperate needle-leaved evergreen;
4. temperate broad-leaved evergreen;
5. temperate broad-leaved summer green;
6. boreal summer green;
7. boreal needle-leaved evergreen;
8. C3 herbaceous;
9. C4 herbaceous.
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Annual crops (cft) Bondeau et al., 2007
1.Temperate cereals (wheat)
2.Maize
3.Rice
4.Tropical cereals (millet)
5.Temperate roots (sugar beets)
6.Tropical roots (cassava)
7.Pulses (beans)
8.Sunflower
9.Groundnuts
10.Soybeans
11.Sucar Cane
12.Managed grasslands
Bioenergy Behringer et al., 2011
1.Tropical bioenergy tree
2.Temperate bioenergy tree
3.Bioenergy grasses
Agricultural trees & others Med Fader et al., 2015
1.Citrus (orange)
2.Nuts (almonds)
3.Orchards (apple)
4.Olives
5.Cotton
6.Date palms
7.Grapes
8.Fodder grass
9.Vegetables (grass!!)
10.Potatoes
Inclusion of others or re-parametrisation possible but
literature work needed
Marianela Fader
Main model outputs
• Carbon cycle: GPP, NPP, Net ecosystem exchange, autotrohic and heterotrophic respiration, Vegetation
carbon, soil carbon.
• Agriculture: yields (t/ha), production (t), growing period.
• Water: soil evaporation, plant transpiration, plant interception, surface runoff, percolation/infiltration,
irrigation requirements, soil water content, surface water
availability.
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Marianela Fader
Processes considered & considered simply
• Photosynthesis
• Phenology & LAI development
• Carbon allocation to different plant‘s parts & allometry
• Root distribution & soil biochemistry
• Fire disturbance in natural vegetation
• Tree mortality
• Light and water competition between different types of natural vegetation
• Bioclimatic limits (parametrised)
• Crop & fruit ripeness & harvest
• Residues of agriculture
• Dynamic sowing dates and growing periods
• Coupling between CO2 and photosynthesis
• Water stress & heat stress
• Agricultural management
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Marianela Fader
Processes not considered
Among others:
• Management of forests
• Nitrogen cycle (it‘s being done at PIK)
• Erosion
• Pollution
• Fire disturbance in agriculture
• Age classes in natural vegetation
• Fossil groundwater availability
• Salinization
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Marianela Fader
Applications
• Impacts of climate change
• Impacts of land use change
• Potential agricultural production
• Past & future evolution of carbon cycle
• Past & future changes in hydrological cycle
• Potential growing areas
• Impacts of agric. management
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Marianela Fader 9
Agricultural management I
• Represents level of inputs and control of production
(fertilizers, technology, work, weed and pest control,
etc.)
Three parameters are coupled:
• LAImax = plant productivity
• HImax = proportion of aboveground biomass that goes
into storage organ
• -a = scales leave productivity to field productivity
(represent homogeneity/heterogeneity of fields)
Marianela Fader 10
Agricultural management II
• Coupling:
– LAImax: 1 HIMAX:: 80% -a: 0,4
– LAImax: 2 HIMAX: 83,3 -a: 0,5
– LAImax: 3 HIMAX: 86,7 -a: 0,6
– LAImax: 4 HIMAX: 90,0 -a: 0.7
– LAImax: 5 HIMAX : 93,3 -a: 0,8
– LAImax: 6 HIMAX : 96,7 -a: 0,9
– LAImax: 7 HIMAX : 100 -a: 1
• LAImax callibrated to best fit FAO yields
Marianela Fader 11
Example of management (LAImax)
Mean 1999-2003.
wheat
Maize
Marianela Fader
Literature
• The LPJmL paper: Bondeau, A., Smith, P., Zaehle, S., Schaphoff, S., Lucht, W., Cramer, W., Gerten, D., Lotze-
Campen, H., Müller, C., Reichstein, M., Smith, B. 2007. Modelling the role of agriculture for the 20th century global
terrestrial carbon balance. Global Change Biology 13, 679–706.
• The LPJ paper: Sitch S, Smith B, Prentice IC, Arneth A, Bondeau A, Cramer W, Kaplan J, Levis S, Lucht, W, Sykes M,
Thonicke K, Venevsky S 2003. Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the
LPJ Dynamic Vegetation Model. Global Change Biology 9: 161–185
• Description of the water routing scheme: Rost, S., Gerten, D., Bondeau, A., Lucht, W., Rohwer, J., Schaphoff, S. 2008:
Agricultural green and blue water consumption and its influence on the global water system. Water Resources
Research 44, W09405, doi:10.1029/2007WR006331.
• And the technical implementation of river routing: von Bloh, W., Rost, S., Gerten, D., Lucht, W. 2010. Efficient
parallelization of a dynamical global vegetation model with river routing. Environ. Model. Softw. 25, 685–690.
• This is the permafrost and soil hydrology paper: Schaphoff, S., Heyder, U., Ostberg, S., Gerten, D., Heinke, J., Lucht,
W. 2013. Contribution of permafrost soils to the global carbon budget. Environ. Res. Lett. 8, 014026.
• This is the bioenergy paper: Beringer T, Lucht W, Schaphoff S 2011. Bioenergy production potential of global biomass
plantations under environmental and agricultural constraints. Glob. Change Biol. Bioen. 3, 299-312.
• This is the SPITFIRE paper: Thonicke K, Spessa A, Prentice IC, Harrison SP, Dong L & Carmona-Moreno C 2010. The
influence of vegetation, fire spread and fire behaviour on biomass burning and trace gas emissions: results from a
process-based model. Biogeoscience 7(6):1991-2011
• This is the sowing date paper: Waha K, van Bussel LGJ, Müller C, Bondeau A (2012): Climate-driven simulation of
global crop sowing dates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 21,2, pp. 247-259, doi: 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2011.00678.x
• The implementation of agricultural trees is submitted to GMD: Fader, M., von Bloh, W., Shi, S., Bondeau, A., Cramer,
W. : Modelling Mediterranean agro-ecosystems by including agricultural trees in the LPJmL model.
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C‘est tout!
Marianela Fader
June 2015
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