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8/7/2019 Logics (Mid)
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Logic
Logic PSKS^ LogosLogos
20
inference
premise
conclusion
infer
------------------p
premises conclusion
proposition
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propositionsentence
p
e.g.
Thisis a pieceofbread.
Dasisteine Brochen.
p
e.g. [
[
e.g. [
[
[
[
p
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e.g.
n Law of Thought
UniverseofDiscourse
-A / AUniverseof
discourse
a -a -a a
a -a
Law ofIdentity
p a aa aa aaap
p1122
Law ofnon-contradictionpa -ap a a a-a-a-aa -a
a -a0
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p
p t1 t1
Law ofExcluded Middlep a-apa -aa
-a1p.
sensemeaningorreference
1938C. Morris,SEMIOTICS
pWFF, well-formed formula Syntax
y
I am a girl.
y
p Semantics
y
p Pragmatics,
yi.e.
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Reference Meaning
X
Denotation Connotation
Extension Intention
C.f.
.
contextlevel
p
object-languagevs.meta-language
p
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paradox
Fallaciesp
p
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p p
y Vagueness
yAmbiguity
yAmphiboly,
y Equivocationshiftmeaning
Context
yFallacyofStraw manAttacking
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yFallacyofComposition
yFallacyofDivision
A A
y Obscurity
y Coloring.
.. .
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argument;inference
validity
term statement argument
definition judgment inference
avoidingconfusion truth value validity
pdefiniendum English
pdefiniens
definiendummeans definiens.
pstipulative definition
y
y
LKK
y
plexical definition
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y
y
yambiguity
pprcising definition
yvagueness
y
p
y
y
y
p persuading definition
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y
y
y
p
y
n! n n
psynonymous definition
y
y
y
petymological definition
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y
philia sophia pphilosophy
y
poperational definition
y
y
pdefinited bygenus and difference
y
y
y
y
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pdemonstrativeorostensive definition
y
y.
penumerative definition
y
philosophor
pdefinited bysub-class
y
y
p
p
p
p
p
p
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p
mediate inference
immediate inference
deduction
induction (abduction)
mediate inference
i.e.
immediate inference
a deduction
b induction
c (abduction)
B A
A
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Validity valid
p
valid
invalid p
p
p
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p
e.g.
..
p
p
()
i.e. factualtruth
p
p
--
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--
1.
2.
3.
4.
5. |
6.
sound||
i.e.
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