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LO: How do organisms interact in an ecosystem?
DN: What is a niche? Can two organisms occupy the same exact niche? Explain.
HW: textbook page 85#19-22
Why do organisms need to eat?
To get ENERGY!!
Cell Respiration: C6H12O6 + O2 ATP + CO2 + H2O
Organism Categories:
Organisms
Producers(Autotrophs)
Consumers(Heterotrophs)
Decomposers
Organism Categories:
Consumers
1’ Consumers 2’ Consumers 3’ Consumers
HerbivoreCarnivore/Omnivore
Carnivore/Omnivore
Herbivores – eat only producersCarnivores – eat only meatOmnivores – eat both producers & meat
Ecosystem Relationships: Symbiotic Relationships
1. Mutualism
2. Commensalism
3. Parasitism
4. Predator & prey
Parasitism:
Fluke Worms Tick
•Parasites are organisms that attack other live organisms called hosts.•parasite benefits and host is affected (+, -)
Mutualism:both benefit (+, +)
The Nile crocodile opening its mouth to permit the Egyptian plover to feed on any leeches attached to its gums.
Bee eats nectar &at the same timepicks up pollen tobe spread to otherflowers.
Commensalism:
Barnacles are non-motile, & they adhere to the fins of whales. This allows them to be taken to places where there is food. The
whale is not affected.
one benefits and other is unaffected
(+, 0)
How do the cows we eat get their energy?
Primary consumers get their energy from the producers they eat
How do producers get their energy?
The primary source of energy for living things
is the sun.
Autotrophs capture this
energy through the process of
photosynthesis
How is energy transferred in a community?
Energy is transferred by consuming other
organisms
In which direction is the energy moving? Why?
Scientists depict this transfer of
energy as a Food chain.
They show the transfer of
energy from one organism to another in a community
Food Chains
Food Webs
Show many food chains interconnected together
Energy Pyramid
Producers
1’ Consumers
2’ Consumers
3’ Consumers
En
ergy
Flo
w
Sun’s Energy in an Ecosystem
Some of the energy is used
by each organism and some of it is
transferred as heat energy to
the environment
Why is there so little energy at the top of the pyramid?
• Most of the energy from the sun has been used or lost by organism in the lower levels
• Only about 10% of the energy available at each level is transferred to the NEXT level.
100%10%
1%
Pyramid of NumbersShows the relativenumber of individualorganisms at eachtrophic level.
Biomass PyramidRepresents the amount ofliving organic matter at each trophic level. Typically, thegreatest biomass is at the base of the pyramid.
Energy PyramidShows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic level. Organisms use about 10 percent of this energy for life processes. The rest is lost as heat.
Ecological pyramids
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