Literacy Support Courses for High School Learners

Sara Overby, soverby@wcpss.netCoordinating Teacher for Secondary Literacy

LITERACY SUPPORT COURSES

FOR HIGH SCHOOL LEARNERS

Adolescents entering the adult world in the 21st century will read and write more than at any other time in human history.

They will need advanced levels of literacy to perform their jobs, run their households, act as citizens, and conduct their personal lives.

THE CALL TO ARMS

They will need literacy to cope with the flood of information they will find everywhere they turn.

They will need literacy to feed their imagination so they can create the world of the future.

http://www.adlit.org/modules/categories/xarimages/writing.jpg

National Institute on Literacy, What Content Area Teachers Should Know about Adolescent Literacy, 2007.

Strengthening the literacy skills of struggling adolescent readers is not easy, and improvement usually does not come quickly.

LITERACY PURPOSE

http://www.everychildcanlearn.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/frustrated-teen.jpg

US Department of Education, Improving Adolescent Literacy, 2008.

NAEP READING LEVELS

FoundationalPhonemesGraphemesMorphemesSyllables

Comprehension

FluencyVocabularyMeaningHidden Meaning

TWO PARTS TO LITERACY

FOUR-PART STRUCTURE FOR LITERACY COURSES

Foundational Skills

Reading Comprehensi

on,

Fluency, Vocabulary

Write to Read,

Read to Write

Discuss Worthy

Text

FOUNDATIONAL SKILLS

Key concepts Are students are able to recognize and do

Letter-sound correspondencePhonemesGraphemesSyllablesSegmenting and isolating parts

FOUNDATIONAL SKILLS

What sounds do letters make?Word Play!

How many ways can A be said?

Apple, hard, gape, water, audit, human, mare,

Activity: Make a rhyme out of these

LETTER-SOUND CORRESPONDENCE

What sounds do letters make?Word Play!

Sounds of consonants: “hard” v. “soft” sounds

P = B S = Z K = G, T = DF = V

Easily confused sounds:

C / S G / J X / S Q / K

Activity: Make a rhyme out of these

LETTER-SOUND CORRESPONDENCE

Smallest unit of soundThe spellings that represent them

Consonant, vowel Schwa ə persənBlend th, sh, chDigraphs rh, ng, knDipthong eye, I

PHONEMES/GRAPHEMES

Word Play!Segment sounds: How many in

Pile, please, room, Anthony [students’ names], gnat, ignite, [course vocab], box, grass, eye

Kinesthetic cues – arms, fingers, tiles, m&ms

PHONEMES/GRAPHEMES

Word Play!Backwards and forwards

Say these backwardsNiceLipRobe Knifelight

PHONEMES/GRAPHEMES

Make your own,

trick your class

signpillborefinetile

A vowel and its consonantsHow many per word?

SegmentingKinesthetic: arm, finger, pacingStart small, get crazy, get silly

Fish, fruit, apple, bananaCrazy Word Families

Structure, destruct, destruction, destructive, indestructable

Silly pronunciations Pool or pool?

SYLLABLE PLAY

Rime and onset: vowel+ ending consonants; beginning consonantsWord Play: Hink/Pink, Hinky-Pinky, Hinkety-Pinkety

An angry fatherA large sowA fortunate mallardA fake horseLearn the last month of the yearTwo drums talking

SYLLABLE PLAY

Slant rhymes – spelled same, sound different or vice versa

Come/dome, read/bread

Spelled different, sound like a rhymeDone/fun, break/take

Spelled different, sound the same (homophones)Mall/maul, waist/waste

Spelled same, sound different, mean different (homographs)

Wind,/wind, Bow/bow

Spelled same, sound same, mean different (homonyms)

Bear/bear Lie, lie

SLANT RHYMES AND MORE

Knock-knock jokesOne line riddles based on punsTom Swifties

What Tom says is a pun on how it’s said

“Please pass the sugar,” Tom said ____.“Please grade my paper again,” Tom ______.“It’s very clear on the board. Take off is at 6:32,” Tom said _______.

IT’S SO PUNNY!

Smallest unit of meaningHelp, cat, heat-s, -ingRe- pre-, de-, phone, logy

Word Play! Play with roots and prefixes What might the word mean, literally?

Conversation – a state of, turn, together What might the word mean?

Antipathy – feeling, against Neology – new/ word

Create a Word! antipathology – feeling against words : a word hater

MORPHEMES

WORD FAMILY TREES

ONE-WORD TREES

COMPREHENSION SKILLS

Tier 1 General VocabularyEveryday

wordsHouse, car,

plane, book

TIERS OF VOCABULARY

Tier 2Descriptive Vocabulary Words that

require some knowledge level or specific teaching

score (PE/Music/Foods)

Tier 3Precision VocabularyDiscipline-

specificClose shades

of meaningUsed in

special contexts

FOR WHOM?

EVERYDAY WORDS

TIER 1

Yacht, mast

Corset,Watch fob

mosque,tire iron,hoagie, hero, sub(marine), poorboy, grinder, torpedo, dagwood

WORD THERMOMETER

SHADES OF MEANING

irate

aggravated

resentful

annoyed

-

+peeved

angry

apoplectic

raging

mad

irked

vexed

wrathful

TIER 2

peeved

TIER 3

Precision VocabularyDiscipline-specificPrecise meaningsUsed in special contextsLow frequency of use

onomatopoeiaquatrain

Fiery, blazing (Tier 2) v.Conflagration, inferno

arcane esoteric

SOME THINGS TO LOOK AT

SOME THINGS TO LOOK AT

SOME THINGS TO LOOK AT

Teach the Word AnalyzerSOME THINGS TO LOOK AT

Multiple readings of the same thingPrepared readings for “performance”Low risk, high yield

Reader’s Theaters Table readings, no body actions, facial Yes Turn narratives into “plays” with parts and dialog Turn informational text into “parts”

Radio Readings Similar to Reader’s Theater Pretend you are on the radio—nobody sees you Voice quality makes reading meaningful

Choral Readings Whole group, antiphonal, multi-part (with solos)

Authentic audiences: Principals, other classes, lower grades, team with ESL, SpEd

FLUENCY

ROSIE THE RIVETER

All: She is “Rosie the Riveter,”1: with movie-star looks,2: hair pulled up in a colorful bandana,1: sleeves rolled up high,2: ready to take rivet gun in hand.ALL: Everyone knows Rosie.1: She had not worked before the war.2: With her man away fighting, however1: and not much else to do,2: she was cajoled into taking one of those ALL: dirty wartime jobs1: out of patriotism2: or boredomALL: or both.1: Attired in new-found overalls and bandana,2: she riveted away1: for the duration of the war,2: dreaming of a time when she could return to her home1: and tend to her domestic chores.All: She is Rosie the Riveter.

All: She is “Rosie the Riveter,”1: with movie-star looks,2: hair pulled up in a colorful bandana,3: sleeves rolled up high,All: ready to take rivet gun in hand.Solo: Everyone knows Rosie.1: She had not worked before the war.1,2: With her man away fighting, however,2: and not much else to do,2, 3: she was cajoled into taking one of those ALL: dirty wartime jobs3: out of patriotism2: or boredomALL: or both.Solo: Attired in new-found overalls and bandana,ALL: she riveted away1: for the duration of the war,2,3: dreaming of a time when she could return to her homeSolo: and tend to her domestic chores.All: She is Rosie the Riveter.

Monitor reading: Do I get it? Do I not? What should I do?

Metacognition: Think about my thinkingTake control! Slow down, speed up, sound it out.

Say it in my own words. Write questions to myself.

HIGH YIELD COMPREHENSION

Graphic organizers: make a chart to record main ideasbut also what I don’t know. Teachers teach typical organizers

(story map, tree diagram, T-charts, Venns) students choose the organizer

Predictions and HypothesesWhat happens next? How could I guess?

Questions and CuesText Dependent: Right There, Think and Search (Inference)

Context CuesStudent created: Bloom’s taxonomy as starters

HIGH YIELD COMPREHENSION

Make Thinking VisibleTeacher ModelsThink Alouds

Teacher-to-studentStudent-to-classStudent-to-student

Turn and Talks“Say Something” statement stems Explain yourself: How did you know

HIGH YIELD COMPREHENSION

HIGH YIELD COMPREHENSION

The 9 Highest-YieldInstructional StrategiesMarzano, Pickering, and Pollock, 2001

Do most of these every day

Foundational SkillsReading/FluencyReading/VocabularyWord WorkWord ConsciousnessExplicit Vocabulary

Write to Read, Read to Write

Discussion of worthy text

YOUR LITERACY CLASS

MARZANO’S NINEHIGH-YIELD STRATEGIES WITH LITERACY APPLICATION

Digital adaptive reading programs Successmaker Achieve 3000 Academy of Reading Other?

YA Literature English bookroom—books not being used in

other courses Guttenberg Project website $1 books

CMAPP: Units from* Study Skills Competency Intervention, Reading Introduction to High School Writing Trends and Movements in Young Adult

Literature The Human Experience

CMAPP AND OTHERRESOURCES

* Use courses not usually taught at your school

CMAPP CLOSE READ

1.Study Skills2. Competency Intervention, Reading3. Introduction to High School Writing4. Trends and Movements in Young Adult Literature5. The Human Experience