Liquefaction

KNS4553 SOIL DYNAMICS

KANIRAJ SHENBAGA & NORAZZLINA BT M. SA'DON

UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA SARAWAK

By the end of this course, the students should be

able to design machine foundations complying with

design criteria, evaluate liquefaction potential of

saturated soil, suggest preventive measures,

evaluate lateral earth pressures during earthquakes,

and recommend vibration isolation measures.

Learning Objective 3

By the end of this course, the students should

be able to investigate contemporary practices

and issues on applications of soil dynamics in

machine foundations and earthquake

engineering and prepare technical reports of

the investigations.

Learning Objective 4

Liquefaction

KNS4553 Soil Dynamics

http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2011/06/13/christchurch-liquefaction-videos/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JG4stumV9EQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_r7WbKLDnYU&list=PLyKoOnp09L5WhY1OYcm1OWMRNu8PtI_fJ&index=4

Liquefaction example videos

Process of liquefaction

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/html/why/why1.html

• Increasing pore water pressure • Decreasing contact force

Pore water pressure Grain to grain contact force

Overturned buildings in Niigata, 1964

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/nigata64/tiltedbuilding.jpg

Failure of retaining wall

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/kobe95/lateralspread3.jpg

Lower San Fernando dam, 1971

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/dams/sanfernandodamairview3.jpg

Upstream slope failure

Highway embankment, Alaska, 1964

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/html/quakes/alaska/crack.html

Sand boils and cracks in Niigata, 1964

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/nigata64/sandboils.jpg

Lateral spreading in Niigata, 1964

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/nigata64/showabridge.jpg

Sand boil – Loma Prieta, U.S.A. 1989

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/mosslanding/mosslanding1.jpg

Lateral displacement, Kobe, 1995

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/kobe95/portgraben.jpg

Kobe earthquake, 1995

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/kobe95/nishibridge1.jpg

Displaced quay walls – Kobe 1995

http://www.ce.washington.edu/~liquefaction/selectpiclique/kobe95/portdamage.jpg