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Native Plants Outdoor Laboratory
Lincoln University Cooperative Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer
Cooperative Extension
LUCE FS#08-F-2015 Rev. 07/13/2015
Lincoln University Cooperative Extension • Native Plants Program
900 Chestnut Street, Allen HallJefferson City, MO 65101
(573) 681-5543
Fact Sheet
Missouri’s Natural BeautyLincoln University has a Native Plant Outdoor Laboratory (NPOL) with more than 80 plants native to Missouri including wildflowers, shrubs, vines, grasses and trees. This laboratory is comprised of plants that can be naturally found in prairies, glades, wetlands and forests. It is located on campus between Allen Hall and Foster Hall at 900 Chestnut Street in Jefferson City, Missouri. This is a living laboratory and easily accessible. Lincoln students, faculty and staff, as well as neighbors and the public at large can learn to identify native plants all year.
Monarch butterfly foraging on swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), one of the host plants for its caterpillar.
Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) at the NPOL is a great addition for every garden because it attracts butterflies and native bees.
Phot
o by
Ran
dy T
inda
ll
Linc
oln
Uni
vers
ity C
oop
erat
ive
Ext
ensi
on •
Nat
ive
Pla
nts
Pro
gram
STO
P 1:
The
tour
beg
ins a
t the
Alle
n H
all s
ign.
Her
e ro
ck
pink
s (Ta
linum
cal
ycin
um) s
how
thei
r lov
ely
bloo
ms a
t m
idaf
tern
oon.
The
rigi
d go
lden
rod
(Sol
idag
o ri
gida
) tha
t is
grow
ing
near
by b
rings
man
y po
llina
tors
* (S
ee g
loss
ary)
. The
go
lden
rod
can
be tr
imm
ed to
con
trol i
ts h
eigh
t and
the
spid
er
mite
s tha
t are
pre
sent
in th
e su
mm
er h
eat.
This
nor
ther
n ga
rden
bed
con
tain
s a p
lant
that
is k
now
n as
lit
tle b
lues
tem
, (Sc
hiza
chyr
ium
scop
ariu
m).
You
will
als
o fin
d pu
ssyt
oes (
Ante
nnar
ia p
lant
agin
ifolia
); it
is h
ost t
o th
e A
mer
ican
lady
but
terfl
y. A
rom
atic
ast
ers (
Sym
phyo
tric
hum
ob
long
ifoliu
m) a
lso
grow
in th
is b
ed. A
ster
s are
a la
te fa
ll ne
ctar
sour
ce fo
r man
y sp
ecie
s of b
utte
rflie
s and
inse
cts.
The
arom
atic
ast
er h
as b
een
prun
ed to
redu
ce it
s hei
ght a
nd th
e nu
mbe
r of s
pide
r mite
s. Th
is la
bora
tory
will
hel
p Li
ncol
n U
nive
rsity
Coo
pera
tive
Exte
nsio
n (L
UC
E) d
isco
ver m
anag
e-m
ent p
ract
ices
to c
ontro
l the
se p
ests
.
STO
P 2:
San
d ph
lox
(Phl
ox b
ifida
) blo
oms f
rom
Janu
ary
thro
ugh
Apr
il, w
ith d
aint
y bl
ue b
loss
oms.
At t
his s
top,
ther
e is
a c
olle
ctio
n of
yel
low
con
eflow
ers (
Echi
nace
a pa
rado
xa)
and
glad
e co
neflo
wer
s (Ec
hina
cea
sim
ulat
a). T
hey
bloo
m a
t th
e sa
me
time
in M
ay a
nd Ju
ne a
long
with
foxg
love
pen
ste-
mon
(Pen
stem
on d
igita
lis).
This
pla
nt h
as w
hite
blo
ssom
s th
at a
ttrac
t hum
min
gbird
s for
a si
p of
nec
tar.
STO
P 3:
The
mid
-gar
den
isla
nd is
a h
ost t
o m
any
plan
ts th
at
grow
wel
l in
soil
with
goo
d dr
aina
ge. T
he h
airy
wild
pet
unia
(R
uelli
a hu
mili
s) b
loom
s bea
utifu
lly in
the
mor
ning
. The
fa
lse
aloe
(Man
freda
virg
inic
a) g
row
s wel
l her
e. P
over
ty
gras
ses (
Dan
thon
ia sp
icat
a) a
re u
sed
to li
ne th
e ed
ge o
f the
w
alkw
ays;
they
can
thriv
e in
dry
and
poo
r soi
l con
ditio
ns.
Thes
e gr
asse
s are
par
t of a
n on
goin
g re
sear
ch st
udy.
STO
P 4:
The
sout
h ga
rden
is p
lant
ed w
ith th
e an
nual
goa
t-w
eed
(Cro
ton
mon
anth
ogyn
us).
It se
rves
as a
larv
al*
(see
gl
ossa
ry) h
ost f
or th
e le
afw
ing
butte
rfly
(Ana
ea a
ndri
a). O
n th
e so
uth
side
of t
his b
ed is
the
wild
blu
e in
digo
(Bap
tisia
aust
ralis
). Th
is p
lant
has
blu
e flo
wer
s in
late
sprin
g th
at
deve
lop
into
pod
s tha
t rat
tle.
STO
P 5:
Thi
s bed
was
pla
nted
in fa
ll 20
12, w
ith tw
o-ye
ar-o
ld se
edlin
gs th
at in
clud
e w
ild b
lue
indi
go (B
aptis
ia
aust
ralis
), po
verty
gra
ss (D
anth
onia
spic
ata)
and
pra
irie
drop
seed
gra
ss (S
poro
bolu
s het
erol
epis
) tha
t bor
der t
he
park
ing
lot.
STO
P 6:
Loo
k ov
er th
e ra
iling
at t
he fa
r sid
e of
Sto
p 5;
you
will
see
woo
dlan
d w
ildflo
wer
s and
woo
dy sp
e-ci
es. S
kink
s (liz
ards
) can
be
foun
d he
re. T
hey
shar
e th
is
area
with
the
sprin
g bl
oom
ing
flow
ers s
uch
as sp
iceb
ush
(Lin
dera
ben
zoin
), w
hich
is a
hos
t pla
nt fo
r the
spic
ebus
h sw
allo
wta
il ca
terp
illar
and
the
wah
oo tr
ee (E
uony
mou
s at
ropu
reus
).
STO
P 7:
The
bla
zing
star
(Lia
tris
pyc
nost
achy
a) p
ath
guid
es y
ou to
the
red
ceda
r gaz
ebo
and
rain
gar
den.
Her
e yo
u w
ill se
e a
dry
stre
am th
at c
hann
els r
unof
f effe
ctiv
ely
from
the
park
ing
lot i
nto
the
rain
gar
den
behi
nd th
e ga
-ze
bo. T
his i
s a p
erfe
ct p
lace
to st
ep in
to a
fiel
d of
wild
-flo
wer
s, si
t on
a be
nch
and
take
a b
reak
from
the
hect
ic
univ
ersi
ty li
fe.
STO
P 8:
Pra
irie
drop
seed
gra
ss (S
poro
bolu
s het
erol
epis
) an
d le
adpl
ants
(Am
orph
a ca
nesc
ens)
can
be
seen
nea
r the
A
llen
Hal
l mai
n en
tranc
e. In
200
9, th
is w
as th
e fir
st a
rea
that
was
pla
nted
. The
re a
re M
isso
uri b
lack
-eye
d Su
sans
(R
udbe
ckia
mis
sour
iens
is),
aste
rs (A
ster
pal
udos
us a
nd
Solid
ago
ptar
mic
oide
s) a
nd b
ee b
alm
(Mon
arda
fist
ulos
a)
clos
e to
the
labo
rato
ry’s
sign
. The
pra
irie
dock
(Silp
hium
te
rebi
nthi
nace
um) fl
ower
s are
vis
ited
by n
ativ
e be
es; t
he
leav
es o
f thi
s pla
nt a
re u
sed
for d
ry o
r fre
sh a
rran
gem
ents
. Th
e bi
rdba
th is
a w
elco
me
sigh
t to
visi
ting
bird
s. N
ext t
o th
e lig
ht p
ole
is th
e Am
eric
an b
eaut
yber
ry b
ush
(Cal
licar
-pa
am
eric
ana)
, with
its a
ttrac
tive
purp
le b
errie
s tha
t attr
act
frui
t-eat
ing
bird
s.
A
smal
l pie
ce o
f Mis
sour
i’s n
atur
al b
eaut
y ad
orns
the
cam
pus o
f Lin
coln
Uni
vers
ity (L
U) a
t the
Nat
ive
Plan
t Out
door
Lab
orat
ory
(NPO
L) in
fron
t of A
llen
and
Fost
er h
alls
. Wal
k-in
g th
roug
h th
e bl
ack-
eyed
Sus
ans a
nd b
eaut
yber
ry b
ushe
s giv
es th
e fe
elin
g of
bei
ng tr
ansp
orte
d to
the
wild
s of M
isso
uri.
Her
e yo
u w
ill fi
nd b
utte
rflie
s, bi
rds,
nativ
e be
es, o
ther
po
llina
tors
and
wild
life
that
com
e to
drin
k w
ater
and
find
refu
ge in
this
urb
an sa
nctu
ary.
Th
is h
ando
ut c
over
s onl
y a
smal
l sam
ple
of th
e di
vers
ity o
f flor
a (p
lant
s) d
ispl
ayed
at t
he N
POL
in Je
ffers
on C
ity. V
isit
and
spen
d tim
e id
entif
ying
pla
nts.
Or j
ust e
njoy
the
beau
ty
and
tranq
uilit
y. T
his s
anct
uary
is fo
r eve
ryon
e. It
doe
sn’t
mat
ter i
f you
are
a st
uden
t, ed
ucat
or, n
atur
alis
t, fa
rmer
, am
ateu
r gar
dene
r or j
ust n
eed
a pl
ace
to re
st. I
t is a
wel
com
ing
plac
e fo
r all.
STO
P 9:
Just
bey
ond
the
bird
bath
, fal
se in
digo
s (A
mor
pha
frut
icos
a) li
ne th
e ou
tsid
e w
all o
f Alle
n H
all.
This
row
of p
lant
s offe
rs c
over
for b
irds;
its
flow
ers p
rovi
de n
ecta
r for
nat
ive
polli
nato
rs. Y
ou
will
als
o fin
d pr
ickl
y pe
ars (
Opu
ntia
hum
ifusa
), M
isso
uri p
rimro
ses (
Oen
othe
ra m
acro
carp
a) a
nd
glad
e on
ions
(Alli
um st
ella
tum
). A
ll of
thes
e gr
ow
wel
l in
the
dry,
rock
y ha
bita
t at t
he c
orne
r, w
hich
is
sim
ilar t
o a
glad
e.
STO
P 10
: At t
he b
otto
m o
f the
step
s, to
the
left,
yo
u ca
n se
e a
woo
dy a
rea.
It is
mos
tly b
lack
locu
sts
(Rob
inia
pse
udoa
caci
a) a
nd c
omm
on h
ackb
errie
s (C
eltis
occ
iden
talis
). Th
e in
vasi
ve b
ush
hone
ysuc
k-le
is b
eing
elim
inat
ed; i
n its
pla
ce, y
ou w
ill fi
nd n
a-tiv
e sp
ring
wild
flow
ers a
nd sh
rubs
. The
se in
clud
e do
wny
skul
lcap
(Scu
tella
ria
inca
na),
colu
mbi
nes
(Aqu
ilegi
a ca
nade
nsis
), ce
land
ine
popp
ies (
Sty-
loph
orum
dip
hyllu
m),
spik
enar
d (A
ralia
race
mos
a)
and
two
shad
e-lo
ving
gol
denr
ods e
lmle
af (S
olid
ago
ulm
ifolia
) and
zig
zag
(Sol
idag
o fle
xica
ulis
), sh
rubs
an
d m
ore.
To
see
how
the
grou
nds l
ooke
d w
ith
hone
ysuc
kle,
gla
nce
to th
e rig
ht.
STO
P 11
: Beh
ind
Alle
n H
all,
ther
e is
a n
atur
al
mea
dow.
Cup
pla
nts,
elde
rber
ry a
nd p
okew
eed,
iro
nwee
d an
d pe
rsim
mon
tree
s gro
w h
ere
natu
rally
Th
ese
prov
ide
cove
r and
tast
y be
rrie
s for
bird
s. To
se
e th
e m
eado
w, g
o ba
ck to
the A
llen
Hal
l sig
n an
d lo
ok b
ehin
d th
e bu
ildin
g.
Glo
ssar
y: G
lade
: Woo
dlan
d op
enin
gs w
ith g
rass
es
and
wild
flowe
rs o
n so
uth
and
west
faci
ng sl
opes
.H
ost P
lant
: Pla
nts t
hat b
utte
rfly
cate
rpill
ars n
eed
to
feed
on.
Lar
val:
Dev
elop
men
tal s
tage
of a
n in
sect
s gr
owth
. Pol
linat
ors:
Bee
s, in
sect
s and
wild
life
that
tra
nspo
rt po
llen.
Fac
t S
hee
t
New
Gar
den
Bed
Sidewalk
Redb
ud
Serviceberry
Spic
ebus
h
Swee
tBa
yM
agno
lia
Blaz
ing
Star
Gar
den
Phlo
x
Man
na G
rass
Ager
atum
Swam
p M
ilkw
eed
Gaze
bo
Side
oats
Gra
ma
Rain
Ga
rden
Blue Iris
Purp
leBe
ardt
ongu
e
Rose
Ve
rben
aPa
th
Sweet B
lack
-eye
d Su
san
Rusty Blackh
aw
Wild
Pet
unia Or
ange
Cone
flow
er
Blue Indigo
Poverty Grass
Pove
rty G
rass
Wild
Pet
unia
Arom
atic
Ast
erRa
ttles
nake
Mas
ter
Littl
eBl
uest
em
Rock
Pink
Lead
plan
tLe
adpl
ant
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
St. J
ohn’
s W
ort
Amer
ican
Beau
tybe
rry
Beau
tybe
rry
Wild
Pet
unia
Mis
sour
i Bla
ck-
eyed
Sus
anBu
tterfl
y W
eed Sa
nd
Phlo
xGlad
e Co
nefl o
wer
Swee
tBa
yM
agno
lia
Gla
de
Onio
nPr
ickl
yPe
arCa
ctus
Mis
sour
i Prim
rose
Blue
As
ter
Bee
Balm
Fals
e In
digo
Bush
Purp
le
Cone
flow
er
Foxg
love
Bear
dton
gue
Wah
oo
Gold
ense
al
Fost
erHa
ll
Puss
ytoe
s
Alle
n Ha
ll
Colu
mbi
ne
Wild
Ging
er
Ragwort
Palm
Sed
ge1
11
2
3
St. J
ohn’s
Wor
t
4 5
6
7
8
910
Purp
le P
oppy
M
allo
w
Mea
dow
in
prog
ress
Woo
ded
Area
Beaut
yber
ryAmer
ican
Prairie Blazing StarDropseed Grass
STO
P 9:
Just
bey
ond
the
bird
bath
, fal
se in
digo
s (A
mor
pha
frut
icos
a) li
ne th
e ou
tsid
e w
all o
f Alle
n H
all.
This
row
of p
lant
s offe
rs c
over
for b
irds;
its
flow
ers p
rovi
de n
ecta
r for
nat
ive
polli
nato
rs. Y
ou
will
als
o fin
d pr
ickl
y pe
ars (
Opu
ntia
hum
ifusa
), M
isso
uri p
rimro
ses (
Oen
othe
ra m
acro
carp
a) a
nd
glad
e on
ions
(Alli
um st
ella
tum
). A
ll of
thes
e gr
ow
wel
l in
the
dry,
rock
y ha
bita
t at t
he c
orne
r, w
hich
is
sim
ilar t
o a
glad
e.
STO
P 10
: At t
he b
otto
m o
f the
step
s, to
the
left,
yo
u ca
n se
e a
woo
dy a
rea.
It is
mos
tly b
lack
locu
sts
(Rob
inia
pse
udoa
caci
a) a
nd c
omm
on h
ackb
errie
s (C
eltis
occ
iden
talis
). Th
e in
vasi
ve b
ush
hone
ysuc
k-le
is b
eing
elim
inat
ed; i
n its
pla
ce, y
ou w
ill fi
nd n
a-tiv
e sp
ring
wild
flow
ers a
nd sh
rubs
. The
se in
clud
e do
wny
skul
lcap
(Scu
tella
ria
inca
na),
colu
mbi
nes
(Aqu
ilegi
a ca
nade
nsis
), ce
land
ine
popp
ies (
Sty-
loph
orum
dip
hyllu
m),
spik
enar
d (A
ralia
race
mos
a)
and
two
shad
e-lo
ving
gol
denr
ods e
lmle
af (S
olid
ago
ulm
ifolia
) and
zig
zag
(Sol
idag
o fle
xica
ulis
), sh
rubs
an
d m
ore.
To
see
how
the
grou
nds l
ooke
d w
ith
hone
ysuc
kle,
gla
nce
to th
e rig
ht.
STO
P 11
: Beh
ind
Alle
n H
all,
ther
e is
a n
atur
al
mea
dow.
Cup
pla
nts,
elde
rber
ry a
nd p
okew
eed,
iro
nwee
d an
d pe
rsim
mon
tree
s gro
w h
ere
natu
rally
Th
ese
prov
ide
cove
r and
tast
y be
rrie
s for
bird
s. To
se
e th
e m
eado
w, g
o ba
ck to
the A
llen
Hal
l sig
n an
d lo
ok b
ehin
d th
e bu
ildin
g.
Glo
ssar
y: G
lade
: Woo
dlan
d op
enin
gs w
ith g
rass
es
and
wild
flowe
rs o
n so
uth
and
west
faci
ng sl
opes
.H
ost P
lant
: Pla
nts t
hat b
utte
rfly
cate
rpill
ars n
eed
to
feed
on.
Lar
val:
Dev
elop
men
tal s
tage
of a
n in
sect
s gr
owth
. Pol
linat
ors:
Bee
s, in
sect
s and
wild
life
that
tra
nspo
rt po
llen.
S
EW
Native Plants Outdoor Lab (continued) LUCE
The Prairie Blazing Star (Liatris pycnostachya) provides beautiful vertical flower spikes that will con-tinue blooming for 2-3 months in mid to late summer. Bees, butterflies and wasps will visit the flowers for pollen and nectar. This is only one of the many perennial native flowers you will find at the NPOL on Lincoln University’s campus.
The Native Plant Outdoor Laboratory features plants from different plant communities naturally found across Missouri:
Prairie – Prairie Blazing Star, Goldenrods, Asters and Little Bluestem
Woodland – Bluebells, Celandine poppy, Wahoo, Wild Ginger, Pussy toes
Glades – Missouri Primrose, Wild Petunia, Poverty Grass, Sand Phlox
Savanna – Bee Balm, Rattlesnake Master, Foxglove Beardtongue
Wetlands – Swamp Milkweed, Blue Mist flower, Palm Sedge, Rose Mallow
Depending where they originally grow, plants will have different soil and moisture requirements. Choose a plant that coordinates with the light exposure and type of soil in your garden when planting native plants. Photos of some of these beautiful plants can be seen on the right.
Missouri Primrose(Oenathera macrocarpa)Prairies and gladesBlooms in spring and sum-mer; Pollinated by night-flying sphinx moths.
Fringe tree (Chionanthus virginicus)Bluffs and glades, dry to moist, tolerates shadeFragrant-white blossoms in spring; Host plant for Rustic Sphinx moth.
Wahoo(Euonymous atropurpureus) Woodlands and alluvial soils along streams; Shrub to small tree, fall interest; Red fruits consumed by birds.
Phot
o by R
andy
Tin
dall
Little Bluestem(Schizachyrium scoparium)Prairies, glades and savannas; Summer and fall interest; Shelter for wildlife in summer and winter.
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