Lessons Learned with the AIRS Hyperspectral Sensor · ASL Overview RTA update (SARTA/kCARTA)...

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

AIRS RTA andL1b Validation

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

Climate withHyperspectralIR

Lessons Learned with the AIRSHyperspectral Sensor

L.Larrabee Strow

Atmospheric Spectroscopy Laboratory (ASL)UMBC Physics Department

and theJoint Center for Earth Systems Technology

April 26, 2006

Thanks to: ASL Group Members: Scott Hannon, Sergio De Souza-Machado, and

Howard Motteler.

1 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Overview

RTA update (SARTA/kCARTA)Non-LTEClear sky

Minor gases

Progress on detecting, modeling mineral dust withscattering RTA

Doing climate with hyperspectral sensors

2 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Bias summary of Non-LTE: Ignore black line

3 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Global Behavior of Non-LTE (July 1-15)

4 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Zoom of Bias and Std’s for Non-LTE

5 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Bias vs Solar Angle: No Non-LTE Fix

6 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Bias vs Solar Angle with Non-LTE Fix

7 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL15 µm Bias vs Solar Angle, No Non-LTEEmission

8 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL RTA Validation: AIRS Radiometric Stability: <0.01K/year

Work by H. Aumann (NASA/JPL)

9 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL SRF Shape (fringes) Introduce Bias: Understood, notfullly implemented

10 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Slight frequency shifts: Important for climate

11 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL A great RTA validation dataset exists

Table: Number sonde launches, LIDAR observations, coincident with AIRS.

Name Technique # of CoincidentSondes

ARM TWP Phase1 RS-90 154ARM TWP Phase2 RS-90 178ARM TWP Phase3 RS-90 163ARM SGP Phase1 RS-90 125ARM SGP Phase2 RS-90 171ARM SGP Phase3 RS-90 160Mcmillan/ABOVE RS-90 195Minnett RS-90 146aVömel FP 29Whiteman/LIDAR SRL 23

a. Includes RS-80 sondes not used here.

Table: Summary of number of clear observations over ocean at night.

Name % Clear # Sonde/LidarProfiles

ARM TWP 15 38Mcmillan/ABOVE 7 7Minnett 25 23

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HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL RS-90 Validation Campaign Bias Results

13 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL RS-90 vs ECMWF Biases: 24 Month Avg

14 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASLBUT (the bad news): We had to empiricallyadjust transmittances (using ARM-TWP 1)

15 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Adjustments in units of optical depths

16 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASLAdjustments in units of optical depths: Zoomof Fixed Gases (CO2)

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HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Day/Night RS-90 and Frost-Point Differences

Mean night vs day biases for a. all RS-90 sondes, b. Vömel’s (NOAA/CMDL) frost-point hygrometers

18 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Minor Gases Impact RTA Validation

Minor gases need to be well understood to:1 Validate the RTA2 Use hyperspectral sensors for climate

Plus, we might find something interesting.

Stratospheric “interference” a big problem? (Especiallyimportant for polar work with hyperspectral.)

19 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Variable CO2: ECMWF for T(z)

20 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL And it’s global variation

21 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASLCO2 Variability Important for Weather andClimate

22 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Latest CO2 from AIRS, 38 Months: ∼25-45 Deg

23 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL CH4 Interferes with H2O

24 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL CH4

25 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Volcanic SO2 and Ash are seen

26 / 51

May 2004 Monthly Means of HNO3

RTA modified to include variable HNO3

Used L2 retrievals, just varied scalar multiplier of HNO3

column

HNO3 unit is (observed column)/(reference column).Reference column is ≈ 1014 mol/cm2

Ocean only

3 / 20

HNO3 Signal in Polar Granule Residuals

4 / 20

Very Rough Validation versus MIPAS

5 / 20

GEOS-CHEM: Sept. 20-21, 2004, 220 and 310 mbar

7 / 20

GEOS-CHEM: Sept. 20-21, 2004, 430 and 600 mbar

8 / 20

B(T) Influence for 1X Change in HNO3, Channel 1440

About 5 channels this sensitive189 AIRS channels have dB(T)/d(HNO3 = 1X) > 0.1K

9 / 20

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL AIRS Dust Observations: Scattering SARTA

We have observed many dust outbreaks, with quantitativeanalysis over oceans using SARTA-scattering

Paper in GRL on Medit. case (comparisons to MODIS)

Some differences in spectral structure (index of refraction)

Observed volcanic ash clouds

Hyperspectral IR sees dust througout tropical Atlantic insummer: Important to include in assimilation/retrieval forhurricane applications?

Developing a dust flag for next AIRS processing cycle. Hopefullyfuture reprocessing will include dust optical depth. More workneeded on how to handle dust vertical structure and interferingclouds.

SARTA/kCARTA now has scattering based on paper by Chou,Lee, Tsay, Fu; Parameterization for Cloud Longwave Scatteringfor use in Atmospheric Models in Journal of Climate, vol 12, pg159 (January 1999)

Two layer clouds possible, so can have water plus ice, or waterplus dust. Very fast with analytic Jacobians.

33 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Mediterranean Dust Storm

34 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASLDerived Optical Depths at 900 cm−1:Scattering SARTA

35 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL MODIS vs AIRS-derived Optical Depths

36 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Spectral Effects of Dust

37 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Day 1: Dust Flag

May 2005 AIRS-STM

Global Score : July 16, 2005

SSM, UMBC 6

38 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

May 2005 AIRS-STM

SSM, UMBC 7

39 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

May 2005 AIRS-STM

SSM, UMBC 8

40 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

May 2005 AIRS-STM

SSM, UMBC 9

41 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

May 2005 AIRS-STM

SSM, UMBC 10

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HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

May 2005 AIRS-STM

SSM, UMBC 11

43 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

May 2005 AIRS-STM

SSM, UMBC 12

44 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

May 2005 AIRS-STM

SSM, UMBC 13

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April 8, 2006

April 9, 2006

April 10, 2006

April 11, 2006

April 12, 2006

April 13, 2006

April 14, 2006

April 15, 2006

April 16, 2006

April 17, 2006

April 18, 2006

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL AEROSE Dust StudyMay 2005 AIRS-STM

March 7, 2004 : (AEROSE) Duststorm off W.Africa

• “X” marks location of ship

• Lots of cloud contaminating the scene

• Weight ∆ BT(900cm-1,961 cm-1) more strongly

SSM, UMBC 18

57 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL AEROSE March 07, 2004

Left slide is false color visible image

Right slide is log10(red/blue), so higher values imply AIRSis looking at something other than warm blue ocean!

“X” marks position of ship

58 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL AEROSE March 07, 2004

Photometer indicates “dusty” skyCannot simultaneously fit AIRS and MAERI dataAlso might have sunglint problems??blue = obs, green = clear calc, red = cloudy calcAIRS sim : dust from 900 mb down, D ' 1.5 um,τ(900cm−1) ' 1.02MAERI sim : dust from 900 mb down, D ' 2.5 um,τ(900cm−1) ' 0.4

59 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Climate with Hyperspectral IR

Can we use hyperspectral IR sensors for climate studies

Lot’s of issuesSampling errors with clear?How do climate with cloudy FOVS?Tie sensor’s radiometric cal (AIRS to IASI to CrIS)Minor gasesDifferent spectral response functions

We have sub-setted “clear” ocean-only FOVS since AIRSstarted operation. Now have 38 month data set (alwaysgrowing).

A quick look at what this data set sees:

60 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASLBiases versus ECMWF have SST and TCW“retrieved”

61 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Bias/Obs Differences, ∆t = 2 Years: Mid Lat

62 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASLBias/Obs Differences, ∆t = 2 Years: MidLat:Zoom

63 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASLBias/Obs Differences, ∆t = 2 Years: MidLat:Zoom

64 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Bias/Obs Differences, ∆t = 2 Years: High Lat

65 / 51

HyperspectralRTA

L. Strow

Non-LTEEmission

Minor Gases

Dust:ScatteringApps

ASL Conclusion

Doing climate with hyperspectral sensors will require a lot ofwork, but we have the capability to produce an excellentradiometric record with AIRS.

66 / 51

Lessons Learned with the AIRS Hyperspectral Sensor · ASL Overview RTA update (SARTA/kCARTA)...

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