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Lessons from the Gullwing
Simon McGuinness, MRIAI
Outline
Student Project Work 2011-2012
Student Project Work 2012-2013
Future Trends in Energy Retrofit
The Skills Deficit
Impact on Industry, the Professions and Policy Makers
2011-2012 student project work
PG Cert (DAER)
2011-12 Gullwing project brief
Achieve a BER of A3
Achieve compliance
with Part L, 2011 (new
build)
Condensation risk
Surface temperatures
Calculated thermal
bridges
BIM model
Therm
Design Builder
Build Desk U
DEAP (no defaults)
Digital energy analysis
Analysis Result
The buildings are:
Un-heatable (Part L)
Un-healthy (Parts L&F)
Un-visitable (Part M)
Un-comfortable
Non-compliant (Part B)
Too small (DoE space
standards)
Insulate without LTB assessment?
Insulation can make the condensation risks associated with LTB problems worse
Because LTB is a proportion of surface area it is exaggerated in mid-mid apartments
Planar Heat losses x Y-factor = LTB losses in
DEAP
Default y-factors allowable are 0.15, 0.08 and 0.04 depending on construction quality
Calculated y-factors in the Gullwing and Flat-Top blocks ranged 0.32 to 0.36
Defaults are misleading!
Simplify thermal envelope
33% improvement in
energy performance
coefficient
with no additional
insulation
Source: Team D - DT774
Simplifie
d
thermal
envelop
e
geometr
y
Gullwing 2012 (Team A)
Gullwing 2012 (Team A)
Team B
2012-2013 student project work
PG Cert (DAER)
Flat-Top Block - project brief
Building Regs as if new build
DoE space standards
60-100 year lifecycle
BER of A2
Calculated y-factor
Hygrothermal analysis
Surface temperature
Condensation risk
Flat-Top Block – Blower door test
Results 95% Confidence Interval UncertaintyAir flow at 50 Pa, V50
[m3/h]1085 1060 1105 +/-2.0%
Air changes at 50 Pa, n50
[/h]6.601 1.320 11.90 +/-80.0%
Permeability at 50 Pa, q50
[m3/h.m2]5.255 1.050 9.461 +/-80.0%
Specific leakage at 50 Pa, w50
[m3/h.m2]29.259 5.844 52.674 +/-80.0%
Flat-Top 2013 (David Ledwith)
Flat-Top 2013
Flat-Top 2013
Learning Outcomes
Societal, Economic, Regulatory
01
Deep Retrofit Project Outcomes
BER of A2/A3
100% compliance as new build (Parts B, M, K & L)
Zero Surface Condensation
90% fuel cost reduction (€1,486 to €156)
100% Replicable
Further Outcomes Anticipated
Social
Fuel poverty eradication
Employment creation
Skills development
Health cost reduction
Further Outcomes Anticipated
Social Economic
Fuel poverty
Employment
Skills
Health
Carbon saving/trading
Self-funding
Sustainable
Fuel imports
Further Outcomes Anticipated
Social Economic
Fuel poverty
Employment
Skills
Health
Carbon saving/trading
Self-funding
Sustainable
Fuel imports
Future trends in Retrofit
Recast EPBD, nZEB and Beyond
NZEB and beyond - LA’s to lead the way
Carbon Sequestration
DIT
2012
DIT
201
3
UK Zero Carbon Strategies 2016
e
Zero
carbon
Backsto
p
EPC
Backsto
p CPC
Examples of “Allowable Solutions”
Bio-digestion plant,
LED street lighting,
Upgrade of CHP plant,
Renewable wind power,
Electric car recharging station.
The Skills Deficit
Technical, Professional and Scientific
5
Key Skills for the Retrofit World
Technical
Ability to see through walls and accurately model unseen construction in detail and in 3D
Deploy high level computer energy simulations at 95% accuracy
Undertake 3-D linear thermal bridge calculation in complex geometries at 95% accuracy
Frsi
ISO 6946:2007
Key Skills for the Retrofit World
Technical
Assess proposals for hygrothermal effects, condensation and mould growth using questionable standards
Design mechanical ventilation systems to deliver good air quality at minimum energy
Design good daylight solutions in the face of inadequate standards
Prevent overheating
Key Skills for the Retrofit World
Economic
Predict future usage patterns, future energy price, carbon taxes and convert all to NPV
Predict lifecycle cost and advise on funding models not yet available using data not released
Develop design schemes based on embodied carbon and embodied energy without national databases
Do no harm to protected historic construction using untested materials & methods of construction
Acquiring the Key Skills
Education
Bachelors degree in Architecture or Arch Technology
2 years site experience, plus study, plus professional exams
1 year full time Masters Degree
Digital Analysis and Energy Retrofit with level 9 research dissertation, or
Linear Thermal Bridge and Hygrothermal analysis with level 9 building physics research dissertation
After 8 years full-time unpaid study the starting salary:
Minimum wage
New Professions?
Risk mitigation strategy
GP Orthopaedic Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Architect /... Retrofit Consultant- Energy modelling
- Insulation & Condensation risk
- Thermal bridge design
- Hygrothermal design
Building Physicist- Hygrothermal validation
- LTB validation
- Materials testing
- Research
Societal Needs
Minimum 80% carbon emissions reduction by 2050
40% of all emissions related to buildings
90% of all buildings standing will still be standing in
2050
90% of them need to be upgraded to a BER of A2
Biggest construction project in human history
Can it be done without specialist architects?
Government response
Springboard
Labour market activation: Unemployed
part employed
formerly self-employed
Forfas research: areas of expected economic
growth
Green economy: Retrofit (Architects)
DIT School of Architecture, Bolton St
Part time Postgraduate and Professional CPD
programmes:
DT774 Postgraduate Certificate (Digital Analysis & Energy Retrofit)
DT774a Postgraduate Diploma (Digital Analysis & Energy Retrofit)
DT774b MSc (Energy Retrofit Technology)
DT775 CPD Diploma (BIM Technologies)
DT775a CPD Diploma (Collaborative BIM)
DT775b CPD Certificate (Thermal Bridge Assessment)
DT775c Postgraduate Diploma (Thermal Performance Modelling)*
DT775d CPD Diploma (Building Environmental Assessment Methods)*
* Springboard 2013 funding application pending
Simon McGuinness, lecturer in Energy Retrofit Technology
www.dit.ie/architecture/
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