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Lesson 4: Working with Formulas and Functions
2
Learning Objectives
After studying this lesson, you will be able to:
Create formulas to calculate values, utilizing correct
syntax and order of operations
Create IF and statistical functions to determine the sum,
average, count, maximum, and minimum of a range of
numbers
Use relative, absolute, and mixed cell references in
formulas
Modify and copy formulas
Display the formulas contained within cells rather
than the resulting values
3
Formulas and Functions
Formula
Simply a math problem done in Excel
Function
Prewritten formula that helps simplify complex
procedures (for numbers and text)
4
AutoSum
Automatically sums a column or row of numbers
Here, cell I16 was active and then the AutoSum
command was issued; Excel will propose to add
the numbers above the cell.
5
Status Bar Functions & Customization
Right-clicking on the status bar
displays a menu from which
you can add items to or delete
them from the Status Bar
Notice the functions
displayed on the status bar
6
Creating Formulas
Start with “ = ”
Combine values and/or cell references with
mathematical operators to produce a result.
Use cell and range references when possible.
7
Cell and Range References
Advantages:
When references are used, formulas can be copied to
other cells.
Since a reference refers to a cell or a range of cells, the
formula results are automatically recalculated when the
data is changed in the referenced cell(s).
8
Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic operators in formulas:
Addition: +
Subtraction: -
Multiplication: *
Division: /
Exponentiation: ^
Percent: %
Grouping: ( )
9
Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally
Determines the order of operations in formulas:
Parentheses
Exponents
Multiplication
Division
Addition
Subtraction
Tip! To remember the order of operations, use the
pseudonym “Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally.”
10
Using Cell References in Formulas
Relative: When you
copy a formula, the
cell references
update automatically
and refer to new cells relative to the new formula cell.
Absolute: Absolute references always refer to the same
cell, regardless of which cell the formula is moved or
copied to.
Note! Absolute cell references are denoted with $ signs.
Relative cell reference
Absolute cell
reference
11
Modifying Formulas
Can modify in one of two places:
Formula Bar
In cell
Notice the insertion
point in the active cell
(B6) that is being edited.
Referenced cells are
outlined in various
colors.
12
Copying Formulas
Copy and Paste
OR
AutoFill
If you use the fill handle, you can click the
AutoFill Options button to choose how to
copy or fill the information from the source to
destination cells.
13
Displaying Formulas
Choose to display formulas, rather than the resulting
values, in cells
Tip! Use the Show Formulas button to toggle between
displaying formulas and values.
14
Formula AutoComplete
Jumps into action once you type “ = ” and the beginning
letters of a function in a cell
Choose from the wide variety of functions suggested by Formula
AutoComplete.
15
Insert Function
Clicking the Insert Function button displays the Insert
Function dialog box
The Function Arguments dialog box allows you to determine
the cell or range of cells to be included in the function.
16
Creating Formulas with the IF Function
IF function displays a value or message based on a
logical test you design.
Lesson 4: Working with Formulas and Functions
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