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Physiology 12Physiology 12
Blood Contents and Immune FunctionBlood Contents and Immune Function
Germann Ch 22
Blood contentsBlood contents
Erythrocytes = red blood cellsErythrocytes = red blood cellsPurpose, to carry hemoglobin Purpose, to carry hemoglobin
Leukocytes = white blood cellsLeukocytes = white blood cellsPurpose, immune system defensePurpose, immune system defense
Platelets = cell fragmentsPlatelets = cell fragmentsPurpose, clotting factorsPurpose, clotting factors
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Blood contentsBlood contents
Erythrocytes = red blood Erythrocytes = red blood cellscells
Purpose, to carry Purpose, to carry hemoglobin hemoglobin
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Regulation of blood cells is done Regulation of blood cells is done by hormonal factors that by hormonal factors that
influence stem cell developmentinfluence stem cell development
ErythropoietinErythropoietin
HemostasisHemostasis
Prevention of blood lossPrevention of blood loss
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How to prevent blood lossHow to prevent blood loss
Constrict broken vesselsConstrict broken vesselsClot blood around sites Clot blood around sites of injuryof injury
Broken endothelial cells Broken endothelial cells expose collagenexpose collagen
Circulating Von Circulating Von WillebrandWillebrand Factor binds Factor binds collagencollagen
Collagen binding alters Collagen binding alters VWF shape to bind VWF shape to bind plateletsplatelets
Platelets aggregate Platelets aggregate around broken areaaround broken area
The Blood clotting reactionThe Blood clotting reaction
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Stopping blood clottingStopping blood clotting(anticoagulants)(anticoagulants)
NaturalNaturalThrombomodulinThrombomodulin = enzymatic inhibition from = enzymatic inhibition from intact endothelial cellsintact endothelial cells
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Stopping blood clottingStopping blood clotting(anticoagulants)(anticoagulants)
NaturalNaturalThrombomodulinThrombomodulin = enzymatic inhibition from = enzymatic inhibition from intact endothelial cellsintact endothelial cellsAntithrombinAntithrombin III = circulating factor that inhibits III = circulating factor that inhibits clotting factors when bound to heparinclotting factors when bound to heparin
Stopping blood clottingStopping blood clotting(anticoagulants)(anticoagulants)
NaturalNaturalThrombomodulinThrombomodulin = enzymatic inhibition from = enzymatic inhibition from intact endothelial cellsintact endothelial cellsAntithrombinAntithrombin III = circulating factor that inhibits III = circulating factor that inhibits clotting factors when bound to heparinclotting factors when bound to heparin
DrugsDrugsAsprinAsprin = = EicosanoidEicosanoid pathways and pathways and therforetherfore inhibits inhibits thromboxanethromboxane A2A2Oral anticoagulants (Oral anticoagulants (cumadincumadin etc)etc)
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Immune functionImmune function
The body’s cellular defenseThe body’s cellular defense
Nonspecific Immune ResponsesNonspecific Immune Responses
Physical barriersPhysical barriersSkinSkinMucusMucusCoughing and SneezingCoughing and Sneezing
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Nonspecific Immune ResponsesNonspecific Immune Responses
Physical barriersPhysical barriersSkinSkinMucusMucusCoughing and SneezingCoughing and Sneezing
InflamationInflamation--ChemotaxisChemotaxis--PhagocytosisPhagocytosis
MacrophageMacrophage
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Nonspecific Immune ResponsesNonspecific Immune Responses
Physical barriersPhysical barriersSkinSkinMucusMucusCoughing and SneezingCoughing and Sneezing
InflamationInflamation--ChemotaxisChemotaxis--PhagocytosisPhagocytosisComplement systemComplement system
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Nonspecific Immune ResponsesNonspecific Immune Responses
Physical barriersPhysical barriersSkinSkinMucusMucusCoughing and SneezingCoughing and Sneezing
InflamationInflamation--ChemotaxisChemotaxis--PhagocytosisPhagocytosisComplement systemComplement systemInterferon ProductionInterferon Production
Viruses
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Specific immune DefensesSpecific immune Defenses
Antigen recognition by antibodiesAntigen recognition by antibodies
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Where does all this exchange take Where does all this exchange take place?place?
LymphLymphSpleenSpleenBloodBloodInfected tissueInfected tissue
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What’s the end result of a specific What’s the end result of a specific immune response?immune response?
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