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Leadership Styles:
Developing and
Applying
Rebecca R. Swan, M.D.
Robert J. Vinci, MD
Objectives
Recognize and identify the five leadership
styles by Kouzes & Posner
Recognize and identify the 6 leadership
styles with EI (Goleman, Boyatzis and
McKeen)
Identify own preferred leadership styles
Discuss the importance of situational
leadership
The Leadership Challenge
Leadership can happen anywhere, at
any time.
Leadership is not about personality, it’s
about behavior.
Leaders search for opportunities to
innovate, grow & improve.
Leaders make it possible for others to
do good work.
5 Practices of Exemplary Leadership
Kouze & Posner: The Leadership Challenge
Model the Way
CLARIFY VALUES by
finding your voice and
affirming shared ideals.
SET THE EXAMPLE by
aligning actions with shared
values
Inspire a Shared Vision
ENVISION THE FUTURE
by imagining exciting and
ennobling possibilities.
ENLIST OTHERS in a
common vision by
appealing to shared
aspirations.
Challenge the Process
SEARCH FOR
OPPORTUNITIES by seizing
the initiative and by looking
outward for innovative ways
to improve.
EXPERIMENT AND TAKE
RISKS by constantly
generating small wins &
learning from experience.
Enable Others to Act
FOSTER
COLLABORATION by
building trust and
facilitating relationships.
STRENGTHEN OTHERS
by increasing self-
determination and
developing competence.
Encourage the Heart
RECOGNIZE
CONTRIBUTIONS by
showing appreciation for
individual excellence.
CELEBRATE THE
VALUES AND
VICTORIES by creating a
spirit of community.
Five Exemplary Leadership Practices
Model the way
Leaders’ actions speak louder than words. Leaders must become
involved and demonstrate their commitment.
Inspire a shared vision
Leaders must have a vision of change and must be able to
eloquently share that vision with others.
Challenge the process
Successful leaders use change and innovation.
Enable others to act
Successful leadership and accomplishments are not the result of
a single person. Leaders foster teamwork and encourage others
to exceed their own expectations.
Encourage the heart
Successful leaders know that constituents require recognition and
celebration. This fosters a strong sense of community.
Which is Best?
• Model
• Inspire
• Challenge
• Enable
• Encourage
LCA Results
Participants Council
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12
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0.5
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1.5
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2.5
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3.5
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4.5
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Your leadership practice profile
Model the way
Inspire a shared vision
Challenge the process
Enable others to act
Encourage the heart
…any surprises?
What People Most Look
for in a Leader
Honest - #1
Forward-looking – most
distinguishing for leaders
compared to other credible people
Inspiring
Competent
Another Way to Look at
Leadership
Leadership is not a function of the position
Personality is important, but recognize the
importance of leadership style and skill set
Going from Good to Great. “When I step
down as the leader nobody…..”
EQ >>> IQ
Leadership requires adaptability
Emotional Intelligence and
Leadership
Self Aware
Know your emotions
Self Management
Manage your emotions and motivate yourself
Social Awareness
Recognize/understand other people’s emotions
Relationship Management
Manage and working with colleagues
Dan Goleman, HBR
The Leadership Repertoire
Authoritative/Visionary
Coercive/Commanding
Affiliative
Democratic
Pacesetting
Coaching
Primal Leadership, Goleman, Boiyakas, McKee
Leadership that Gets Results, Goleman
Leadership Styles: Authoritative
How it builds resonance:
Moves people toward shared dreams
Visionary
Impact on Climate:
Most strongly positive
When Appropriate:
When changes require a new vision or when
a clear direction is needed
Leadership Style: COERCIVE
How it builds resonance:
Soothes fears by giving clear
direction in an emergency
Commanding leadership
Impact on Climate:
Because so often misused, highly negative
When Appropriate:
In a crisis, to kick-start a turnaround, or with
problem employees
Leadership Style: AFFILIATIVE
How it builds resonance:
Creates harmony by connecting people to
each other
People first
Impact on Climate:
Positive
When Appropriate:
To heal rifts in a team, motivate during
stressful times, or strengthen connections
Leadership Style:
DEMOCRATIC
How it builds resonance:
Values people’s input and gets commitment
through participation
Impact on Climate:
Positive
When Appropriate:
To build buy-in or consensus, or to get
valuable input from employees
Leadership Style: PACESETTING How it builds resonance:
Leader sets high expectations and models
them for others
Meets challenging & exciting goals
Impact on Climate:
Often highly negative
Frequently poorly executed
When Appropriate:
To get high-quality results from a motivated
and competent team
Leadership Styles: COACHING
How it builds resonance:
Connects what a person wants with the
organization’s goals
Impact on Climate:
Highly positive
When Appropriate:
To help an employee improve performance by
building long-term capabilities
Questions for Reflection
How will you apply what you learned to
your project or leadership challenges?
What are strengths of your leadership
style? Any potential downfalls?
What styles do you think you need to have
in your leadership team to complement
yours?
Great Leaders
Have an understanding of their leadership
style, yet….
Are comfortable with more than one style
Have Emotional Intelligence that allows
them to adapt to the
circumstance/surroundings/individuals
Understand the value of becoming a
“Situational Leader
Situational Leadership
Every leader has a preferred style
Successful leaders adapt their style to
meet the needs of the group as well as the
goals of the situation
How do you manage when the situation
requires a leadership style that is different
than your preferred style
Do you prioritize your leadership style?
To what degree to you adapt?
Situational Leadership
Directive Behavior
Sup
po
rtiv
e B
eh
avio
r High
Low High
Supporting Coaching
Directing Delegating
Situational Leadership
Adapted from
Leadership and the
One Minute Manager
K. Blanchard
Next Steps
Reflect on your own leadership style
Think of a situation that pushed you to
move to a different type of leadership style
Bring this dilemma to tomorrow’s session
on Leadership for further discussion
Utilize your mentors during this meeting to
further discuss your leadership questions
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