LAPPD Project Test Beam Facility MC6 -7...

Livio VerraItalians Summer Student, Final PresentationSupervisor: Mandy RominskySeptember 27th, 2017

LAPPD ProjectTest Beam Facility MC6-7 Simulation

• Mid Term recap:– LAPPD project;– MC6 & MC7 simulation;

• Progress:– Theoretical prevision;– Simulation tricks;

• Results;

• Conclusions.

Summary

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Goal of the project is manufacturing <10 pstime resolution photodetector.

Key elements:

• Glass body, minimal feedthroughs;• MCPs made using atomic layer

deposition;• Transmission line anode;• Fast and economical front-end

electronics;• Large area, flat panel photocathode.

Large Area Picosend PhotoDetector:

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• Fast source: a psec source of many photons (e.g. Cherenkov light from a charged particle traversing radiator or the entrance window of a photodetector);

• psec-level pixel-size (10-20 μm pores in MCP);• High gain: the gain has to be high enough that a single

photon triggers, i.e: the first photon “in” determines the leading edge of the pulse and consequently the timing.

Criteria for sub-psec timing:

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• Time of Flight LAPPD will be tested at Fermilab Test Beam Facility so as to prove high time resolution:

• Having a precise knowledge of beam’s shape, energy, composition through experimental setup is necessary in order to position detectors in the most convenient location.

MC6 & MC7 simulations

My work:

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• Main Injector provides 120 GeV/c protons in 4.2 second-spills, with approximately 60 seconds of repetition rate.

• Spills are made up of batches: 7 batches covered 11,2 μs (size of Main Injector); every batch is composed by 84 RF buckets (size of booster).

• Only the first batch over 7 has particles.

Where does FTBF receive beam from?

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• The beam is transferred till M02 enclosure: it’s then split in two beams so as to deliver particles to both MTest and Mcenter.

Test Beam Facility

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120GeV/cproton beam

MC6&MC7

• 120 GeV/c protons hit the copper target: then they are guided (with interaction products) along the beam line.

• MC6 provides a low-intensity beam, of a chosen mean momentum, parallel to the floor.

MC6 Structure

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Cutarget

Quadrupoles

Dipoles Collimators

MC6 simulation

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• Target cage;• Collimators;• Q3 quadrupoles;• Dipoles;• Q4 quadrupoles;• Trims

Simulationprogram:G4beamline(Geant4implementation)

• Mean Momentum of particles is selected by:– Momentum Collimator: it physically stops above 90 GeV/c

momentum particles (most of the beam);– Dipoles: they are all fed by the same power supply, hence they

provide the same field, set for selecting mean momentum.

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2million-eventssimulation64GeV/csetup

2million-eventssimulation8GeV/csetup

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• Selecting momentum implies selecting species:

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PDGid0 500 1000 1500 2000

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• MC7 has calibrated instrumentation (counters, Cherenkov detectors, etc.) and can be customized for fitting experimental requirements;

• In this case, MC7 is made up of some detectors, a copper target (approximately 6 m downstream the last MC6 quad) and a collimator;

• LAPPD setup will be straight after the collimator, in the beam direction, so as to take advantage of the shielding effect.

MC7 structure

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MC7 simulation

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Collimator

Beam from MC6

Copper target

ToF setup

• Considering particles momentum and distance, it’s possible to calculate the system capability of solving different species;

• Couples of interest are:– π+ / μ+;– π+ / K+;– π- / e-;

• Calculations have been executed considering particles travelling in vacuum along a straight path.

Theoretical previsions:

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π+ / μ+ resolution plot:

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π+ / K+ resolution plot:

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π- / e- resolution plot:

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• 2-million-event simulation requires 12 hours running;

• Simulating one spill (~ 500 millions particles) would take 3000 hours;

• For having statistically significant results, avoiding too long running time:– Consider spatial and momentum distribution of every species

reaching the end of MC6 in 2-million-event simulation;– Proportionally calculate the number of events coming to MC7;– Run simulations equivalent to 500-million-event one.

Simulation tricks:

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2millionsevents Extractinginfofromparticles

gettingthroughbothVirtualDetectors

Sendingsimulationforeachspecies,usingdistributionsgainedbefore

• Analysis code takes as input two selected Time-of-Flight VirtualDetectors and considers particles hitting both of them;

• It calculates β value using Time of Flight and position of the hit;

• It calculates error 𝚫β propagating errors on measurements:– 1 ps of time resolution;– 7 μm on transversal positions;– 8 mm on longitudinal position (thickness of the Cherenkov

glass).

Results:

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8 GeV/c setup results:

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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7.5m(thefirstTimeofFlightis7.5mapartfromthefirstDetector)

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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16 GeV/c setup results:

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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betaEntries 87Mean 0.9992RMS 0.0008304

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Entries 87Mean 0.9992RMS 0.0008304

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64 GeV/c setup results:

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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beta0.99 0.991 0.992 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1

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• MCenter provides a large momentum range and the possibility of having a low intensity beam;

• Choosing a low momentum setup, it’s possible to have a quite “clean” muon beam;

• Simulation results are confirmed by real historic data: it’s precise and reliable;

• The farer detectors are, the more precise measurements are, and the more ”clean” the beam is.

Conclusions:

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• LAPPD Time-of-Flight setup will consist of three detectors;

• Since the beam composition and properties, and MC7 structure, the best placement will be 7.5 m of distance between detectors;

• Hence, the following configurations will be available:– 7.5 m, using detectors 1 & 2;– 15 m, using detectors 1 & 3;– 7.5 m, using detectors 2 & 3.

Conclusions:

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• Database of MC6 & MC7 outlines;

• Simulation of beam lines.

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Conclusion: What I gave Fermilab:

• New knowledge about particle accelerators and transfer systems;

• Taste of working in a real scientific environment;

• PATIENCE.

Conclusion: What Fermilab gave me:

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Many thanks for your attention

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