View
440
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
GROUP MEMBERS
SANGEETHA ARUMUGAM SHAMALA VENKATESAN SUGANIYA NILAMEGAN JOSEPHINE UMA SELVARAJU VINOTHINY VIJAYAKUMAR
LANGUAGE AND AGE
INTRODUCTION
• Language variation allows us as speakers to locate ourselves in a multi-dimensional society.
• Age is one of the dimensions on which we construct identities for ourselves and others.
consider three life stages and how people construct an age identity for themselves and others at those stages.
:Children :The teenage years :The elderly
Age as a factor in language variation
Age as a factor in language variation
In English the age description is the most ‘defining’ characteristic for classifying people . it’s placed closest to the person:
Example: The intelligent old womanThe attractive teenage singerThe dishonest young man
Their attempt to initiate a new topic is
ignored
They are to be interrupted and
overlapped
Elderly people communicate more
confidence.
Video..
How people talk..Children
Young peopleElderly people
CHILDHOOD
Children naturally acquire language
Infancy and early childhood is the ideal
time to immerse a child in a foreign
language
They can differentiate the sounds of any
language in the world
They can acquire two languages at a
same time
ADULTHOOD/YOUNG PEOPLE
Use informal style of
language
Use language as a
range of everyday
personal skills
CONTINUE….Difficulties in some areas
1. Poorer quality of communication
2. Inappropriate register
3. Narrative skills
ELDERLY PEOPLE
Use simple sentences
Ask more questions
Repeating or paraphrasing what
has just been said.
TALKING WITH ELDERLY PEOPLE
Use clear and precise sentences
Make an eye contact
Adjust voice tone appropriately
Talk slow, be patient and smile
How can a language refl ect the
status of
children and older people?
Importance of age as a cultural category
Your age can determine whether you can
attend school, marry, drink alcohol, vote, draw
a pension, or get into the movies at half price.
To see just how important age labels :
(a) Intelligent woman the old
(b) singer the teenage attractive
(c) dishonest man young the
(d) middle-aged the nurse kind
Most people produce the following:
(a) the intelligent old woman(b) the attractive teenage singer(c) the dishonest young man(d) the kind middle-aged nurse
The age description is placed closer to the
‘the person’ than the other description
Even though intelligence, honesty,
physical attractiveness and kindness are
all important to us, they somehow seem to
be secondary to a person’s age.
Labeling age groups
Under 5 –youngstergirlboyminornewbornkid/kiddyinfantbabyToddler
20-60•adult•mature person•woman•man•lady •gentleman
Over 65•adult•elderly person•senior citizen•retired person•aged
Talking about age groups
Have you ever noticed that some
adjectives seem to ‘belong’ to a
particular age group
There seem to be several adjectives,
both positive and negative foolish that
are used very frequently to describe
both these groups.
LANGUAGE CHARACTERISTIC
Definition of Language.
•Any code employing signs, symbols, or gestures used for communicating ideas meaningfully between human beings.
There are three theories of language
1. Behavioristic by skinner.
2. Nativistic or psycholinguistic:
Chomsky
3. Interactionistic: Piaget
Language Components & Skills
a) Phonology, b) Morphology, c) Syntax, d) Semantics and e) Pragmatics
There are five language components :
A. Phonology
Study and use of individual sound units in a
language and the rules by which they are combined
and recombined to create larger language units.
Phonemes are the unit of sound such as /s/ or /b/, /
d/ they do not convey meaning.
Phonemes alter meaning of words when combined.
For an example for the phonemes /s/ is sat then /b/
for bat and /d/ for dog.
Phonological Deficits
Frequently appear as articulation disorders◦Child omits a consonant: “oo” for you◦Child substitutes one consonant:
“wabbit” for rabbit◦Discrimination: child hears “go get
the nail” instead of mail
First video is a Speech sample
http://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Pw6_tHmztk
Second video is about how a Speech-
Language Pathologist teaches student /r/
production.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpJLDJn5
eBU&feature=related
B. Morphology.
Study and use of morphemes, the smallest
units of language that have meaning.
A morpheme is a group of sounds that refers
to a particular object, idea, or action
Free morphemes that can stand alone
Affixes are bound such as prefixes and
suffixes and when attached to root words
change the meaning of the word.
Morphological Deficits
Elementary aged: may not use
appropriate inflectional endings in
their speech (e.g.," He walk” or
“Mommy coat”).
Middle school: lack irregular past
tense or irregular plurals (e.g., drived
for drove or mans for men).
D. Semantics
Language meaning; the meaning of
individual words as well as the meaning that
is produced by a combination of words.
More than single words, includes complex
use of vocabulary, including structures such
as word categories, word relationships,
synonyms, antonyms and figurative
language.
Semantic Deficits
Limited vocabulary especially in
adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, or
pronouns
Lack of understanding of how context
can change the meaning of words
Figurative language problems
C. Syntax
Syntax: rule system governing the order
and combination of words to form
sentences, and the relationships among the
elements within a sentence.
Referred to as the grammar of the language
and allows for more complex expression of
thoughts and ideas by making references to
past and future events
Syntactic Deficit
Lack the length or syntactic
complexity
Problems comprehending sentences
that express relationship between
direct or indirect objects.
E. Pragmatics
Pragmatics: use of language in
communication; may include verbal,
vocal, or motoric expression
Knowledge and ability to use language
functionally in social or interactive
situations.
Pragmatic Deficits
Problems understanding indirect
requests
Example : may say yes when asked
“Must you play the piano?”).
Q & A SESSION
The end
Recommended