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kzmKXw

sF.C.Un.kn

Fkv.-F-kv.F hb-\mSv

k¦enX hnZym-`ymkw

•Ncn{X ]Ým-¯ew :

Ccp-­-bpKw (Era of Darkness)

Hä-s¸-S-ensâ bpKw (Era of Isolation)

`mKn-I-amb ]¦m-fn-¯-¯nsâ bpKw

(Era of Partial Isolation)

.

hnZym-̀ ym-k-̄ nsâ bpKw/ {]tXyI hnZym-̀ ymkw

(Era of Education/Segragation)

temI alm bp²-§-fpsS kzm[o\w

kwtbm-PnX hnZym-̀ ymkw

(Integrated Education)

Partial

Integration

k¦-enX hnZym-`ymkw

( inclusive education )

• "FÃm-hÀ¡p hnZym-̀ ymkw Hcp-an¨v' F¶ Bi-b-̄ n\v

{ItaW IqSp-XÂ {]m[m\yw ssIh-¶p. ]s¯m-¼Xmw

\qäm-­nsâ XpS-¡-̄ n tPm¬ hnÂslw ¢n³ (John

Wilhelm Klein) ImgvN-bn-Ãm-̄ -h-scbpw Imgv¨-bp-

Å-h-scbpw Hcp-an¨v hnZym-̀ ymkw sN¿n-¡p-¶-Xn\v hnb-

¶bn Hcp kvIqÄ Øm]n-̈ p. k¦enX hnZym-̀ ym-k-

¯nsâ XpS¡w ChnsS \n¶mWv F¶v A\p-am-\n-¡mw.

]cnanXnIÄ....

e£W§Ä....

ImgvN

• ImgvN F¶ A\p-`-h-¯n\v aq¶v hkvXp-X-IÄ A\n-hm-

cy-amWv

• {]Imiw, hkvXp, Ah-bhw (I-®v)

\mw ImWp-¶-sX§s\?

ImgvN¡pdhv 2 hn[w

• ]qÀWamb ImgvN¡pdhv

• `mKnIamb ImgvN¡pdhv

Hcp hkvXp-hn \n¶pw {]Xn-̂ -en-¡p¶ {]Im-i -c-ivan-

IÄ I®nse t\{X-]-S-ew, se³kv F¶o `mK§fneqsS

IS¶v Gähpw ]n³`m-K-̄ pÅ ZrjvSn-]-S-e-̄ nÂ

(sdän\) IrXyambn ]XnbpIbpw t\{X\mUnhgn

Xet¨mdn F¯pIbpw Xncn¨v hkvXphnsâ _nw_w

sdän\bn ]Xn¡pt¼mÄ ImgvN km[yamIp¶p.

]qÀWamb ImgvN¡pdhv

• Hcp aoäÀ AIe¯nepÅ

hkvXp¡sft¸mepw ImWmXncn¡pI.

• Nph¶ I®pIÄ, Ft¸mgpw I®nÂ

]gp¸p­mIpI, I®nsâ hep¸ hyXymkw,

I®nÂ\n¶v \oscmen¸v.

• IrjvW aWn¡v shÅ\ndtam Nmc\ndtam

Bbn ImWs¸Sp¶p.

• \nd§Ä Xncn¨dnbm³ {]bmkw.

• hkvXp¡fn X«n hogp¶p.

`mKnIamb ImgvN¡pdhv

• XpSÀ¨bmbn I®v Xncp½p¶p.

• Hcp I®St¨m adt¨m Asæn Xe

Ncnt¨m t\m¡p¶p.

• kqcymkvXa\¯n\p tijw ImgvN a§p¶p.

• t_mÀUn t\m¡n hmbn¡m³

{]bmks¸Sp¶p.

• sNdnb A£c§Ä hmbn¡m³ {]bmkw.

• ]pkvXIw Asæn hkvXp¡Ä

I®nt\mSSp¸n¨v t\m¡p¶p.

]qÀ®amtbm `mKnIamtbm ImgvNbnÃm¯

AhØbmWnXv.

F§s\ Is­¯mw....

Cu e£W§Ä ImWs¸Sp¶psh¦nÂ

s]s«¶pXs¶ ImgvN ]cntim[\bv¡v

hnt[bcmtI­XmWv

ImgvN ]cnanXn Visual Impairment - VI )

ImgvN F§ns\ ]cn-tim-[n¡mw

kvs\ó NmÀ«v

]cnlmcamÀK§Ä

• t

]cnlmcamÀK§Ä

• I®S

• tIm¬SmIvSv se³kv

• amán-̂ -b-dp-IÄ (Magnifires)

• emÀÖv {]nâv (Large Print)

s{_bn en]n (Braille)

Luis Braille

]pÀ® ImgvN-bn-Ãm¯ Ip«n-IÄ¡v

• Ip«n-bpsS t]cv hnfn¨v kwkm-cn-¡p-I.

• i_vZ-¯n\v IqSp-XÂ {]m[m\yw \ÂIpI.

• s{_bn ]T\w Bh-iy-am-b-hÀ¡v A¯cw ]T\ {]hÀ¯-\-

§Ä¡v kml-Ncyw Hcp-¡p-I.

• ]mT-`m-K-§Ä Imk-än-eqsSbpw aäpw dnt¡mÀUv sN¿p¶ coXn

kzoI-cn-¡p-I.

• tI«pw, kv]Àin¨pw aW¯pw cpNn¨pw Ad-nbm-\pÅ Ah-kcw

D­m-¡p-I.

• bYmÀ° hkvXp-¡Ä sh¨v ]Tn-¸n-¡p-I.

• I¼yp-«-dnsâ klmbw D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-I. (Java, Ubundu)

• ¢mkv ^ÀWo-¨À (s_-©v, UkvIv) {Iao-I-c-W-§Ä ap³ Iq«n

]d-ªp sImSp-¡p-I.

tIÄhn

\mw tIÄ¡p-¶-sX§s\?

{ihW ]cnanXn

p.

tIÄhn-¡p-dhv

{ih-tW-{µn-b-¯nsâ LS-\-bntem {]hÀ¯-\-¯ntem D­m-Ip¶

XI-cm-dp-aqew

km[m-cW i_vZw tIÄ¡m³ Ign-bm¯ Ah-Ø-bmWv tIÄhn-

¡p-dhv

Degree of Hearing Loss

Hearing Threshold (in

decibels, dB)Degree of Hearing loss Ability to Hear Speech

0–25 dB Normal no significant difficulty

26–40 dB milddifficulty with faint or

distant speech

41–55 dB moderatedifficulty with

conversational speech

56–70 dB moderately severe

speech must be loud;

difficulty with group

conversation

71–90 dB severe

difficulty with loud

speech; understands

only shouted or

amplified speech

91+ dB profoundmay not understand

amplified speech

tIÄhn¡pdhv {i²bnÂs]«mÂ

F{Xbpw thKw......................

C.F³.Sn. tUmIvSdpsS klmbw tXSpI.

tIÄhn ]cntim[\ \S¯pI (HmUntbmfPn¡Â sSÌv)

Bhiysa¦n A\ptbmPyamb {ihWklmbn

D]tbmKn¡pI.

{ihWklmbn D]tbmKn¡m\pÅ ]cnioe\w \ÂIpI.

Hm¸tdj³ Bhiysa¦n 10 hbÊn\pap¼v sN¿pI.

kwkmc ]cnioe\w \ÂIpI (kv]o¨v sXdm¸n).

tIÄhn ]cnioe\w \ÂIpI (HmUnädn s{Sbn\nwKv)

sNhnkwc£Ww þ ap³IcpXÂ

Teaching Modification• ImgvN¡v IqSp-X {]m[m\yw sImSp-¡pI (»m¡vt_mÀUv, NmÀ«p-IÄ,,

flash Card XpS-§n-bh D]-bm-Kn-¡p-I.)

• ¢mkvdqansâ AI¯pw ]pd-¯p-apÅ i_vZ \nb-{´Ww

• Speech Reading ]cn-io-en-¸n-¡pI

• ¢mkvapdn-I-fn shfn¨w IqSp-X-embn D]-tbm-Kn-¡pI

• Ip«n-I-fpsS {i² \ne-\nÀ¯m³ CS-¡nsS t]cv hnfn-¡pI

• ]pXnbhnj-b-§-Ä Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p-t¼mÄ Ip«n-bpsS t]cv hnfn¨v {i²

tI{µo-I-cn-¡p-I.

• XpSÀ¨-bmb ¢mkp-IÄ¡n-S-bn CS-thf sImSp-¡p-I.

• AanXthK-¯n-epÅ kwkmc \nb-{´Ww

• Aan-X-amb i_vZ-apÅ Øe¯p \n¶pw Ipd¨pamdn ¢mkp-IÄ \S-¯pI

• ]T\ {]hÀ -̄\-¯n ]qÀ® ]¦m-fn¯w Dd¸phcp-¯p-I.

• Ip«nsb ap³ \nc-bn Ccp¯pI.

kwkmc ]cnanXn

• Ahyàambn kwkmcn¡p¶p.

• Nne hm¡pIÄ/ A£c§Ä

D¨cn¡phm³ {]bmkw.

• D¨¯nepÅ hmb\bnÂ

XmXv]cy¡pdhv.

• {]mb¯n\\pkcn¨pÅ iÐw/ `mj

Ch CÃmXncn¡pI.

• ap¨pdn/ hn¡v/ \m¡n sI«v/ XSn¨

\mhv XpS§nb {]iv\§Ä

ImWpI.

_p²nssh`h¯nse Ipdhv (

Intellectually Challenged

_p²nhnImk¯¯nsâ hnhn[ L«§Ä

2þmw amkw apJ¯v t\m¡n Nncn¡Ww

4þmw amkw Igp¯pd¡Ww

8þmw amkw Ccn¡Ww

10þmw amkw ]cnNnX hm¡pIÄ ]dbWw

12þmw amkw \n¡Ww

_p²nssh`h¯nse Ipdhv

Intellectually Challenged

• ka{]mb¡mcn \n¶pw

_p²n]camb {]hÀ¯\§fnÂ

Ipdª \nehmcw {]ISn¸n¡p¶

Ip«nIÄ.

• hfÀ¨m L«§fn Xmakw t\cn«

Ip«nIÄ, Ccn¡m³, \n¡m³,

\S¡m³, kwkmcn¡m³ XpS§nbh.

• {i²¡pdhv. {i² tI{µoIcn¡m³

{]bmkw.

• apJ¯n\v Akz`mhnIX.

• efnXamb Imcy§Ät]mepw

a\knem¡p¶Xn\v ]eXhW

BhÀ¯nt¡­n hcp¶p

imkv{Xo-b-amb XcwXncn-¡Â

• _u²nI \ne-hmcw A\p-k-cn¨v

• Avarage Intelligence 90-110

• Border Line Intelligance 70-90

• Mild IQ 50–69

• Moderate IQ35-49

• Severe IQ 20-34

• Profund IQbelow 20

• hnZym`ym-k-]-c-ambXcwXncn-¡Â

• Slow Learners – IQ 75 or 75-90

• Educable – IQ 50 -75

• Trainable – IQ 20 – 49

• Custodial - IQ below 20

Uu¬ kn³t{Umw

• _p²nhfÀ¨ hfsc aµKXnbnemb

HchØbmWv awtKmfnkw AsænÂ

Uu¬kn³t{Umw. ImgvNbnÂ

awtKmfnb³ hwiPcpsS

apJ`mhapÅ Cu Ip«nIsf

Xncn¨dnbm³ {]bmkanÃ

Down’s Syndrome-DS• I®pIÄ apIfnte¡v Aev]w

Ncnªp\n¡p¶p

• sNhnIÄ Xmgv¶v \n¡p¶p

• sNdnb hmbv. \mhv ]pdt¯¡v

ImWmw

• Dbcw Ipdª Igp¯v

ssat{Imk^men-þ

Xet¨mdn\v hfcm³ km[n¡m¯

hn[w Xe sNdpXmIp¶ AhØ

sslt{Umk^menþXet¨mdn\I¯v

{ZmhIw sI«n \n¶v Xet¨mdnsâ hfÀ¨sb

XSbpIbpw XebpsS AanX hfÀ¨bv¡v

ImcWamIpIbpw sN¿p¶ AhØ.

]T\ sshIeyw

hmb\, Fgp¯v, KWnXw, kvs]ÃnwKv, kmaqly

IgnhpIÄ F¶o taJeIfn {]iv\§Ä

A\p`hn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Ip«nIÄ.

]T\{]iv\§Äþ (Learning

Disordes/Differences)

ImcW§Ä

Ip«nbpsS am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb

{]iv\§Ä.

IpSpw_m´co£w.

kvIqfnse A´co£w, ]T\coXn,

kao]\w XpS§nb.

]mc¼cyw.

]qÀ®hfÀ¨bv¡v apt¼m, ]nt¼m DÅ

P\\w.

Xet¨mdnsâ hnImk¯nepÅ Xmakw.

•icmicntbm AXn IqSpXtem _p²nbps­¦nepw Nne {]tXyI

taJeIfn Fgp¯nt\m hmb\t¡m {]hÀ¯\§Ät¡m {]bmkapÅ

HchØbmWv ]T\sshIeyw. C¯cw Ip«nIÄ¡v KWnXw, `mj,

kvs]ÃnwKv/A£c§Ä, {Kln¡pI, hc¡pI, FgpXpI, hmbn¡pI

F¶o Imcy§fn GsX¦nepw {]tXyIambn {]bmkapÅXmbn

ImWmdp­v. ]T\¯ntem {]hÀ¯nbntem C¯c¡mÀ¡v Nne {]tXyI

taJeIfn shÃphnfnIÄ t\cntS­nhcp¶p. ]T\sshIeyw

I­p]nSn¡phm³ {]bmkap­v. ]T\]nt¶m¡mhØbv¡v Hcp ImcWw

]T\ sshIeyamWv.

]T\ {]iv\§Äþ hmb\ ( Dyslexia )• kmh[m\apÅ hmb\, hm¡pIÄ

X¸n¯SªpÅ hmb\.

• Nnlv\§Ä {i²n¡msX hmbn¡pI.

• hmb\ XpS§m³ {]bmkw.

• hmb\¡nSbn A£c§Ä

Iq«nt¨À¡p¶p., hn«pIfbp¶p, ]Icw

hbv¡p¶p.

• hcnIÄ hn«p hmbn¡p¶p/

BhÀ¯n¨p hmbn¡p¶p.

• ]pdtIm«v hmbn¡p¶p.

]T\ {]iv\§Äþ þ Fgp¯v

(Dysgraphia )

• kmh[m\w FgpXp¶p.

• FgpXn XpS§m³ {]bmkw.

• I®mSnbn ImWp¶Xpt]mse

FgpXpI.

• hm¡pIÄ¡nSbnse AIew

]men¡msXbncn¡pI.

]T\ {]iv\§Äþ KWnXw

• kwJyIÄ Xncns¨gpXpI (16þ61,

12þ21).

• +., þ, $, / Nnlv\§Ä Xncn¨dnbm³

{]bmkw.

• Øm\hne, KpW\]«nI

F¶nhbn AhyàX.

• {Inbm tImf¯n \n¶p

FSps¯gpXpt¼mÄ

sXän¡p¶p.

F§s\ Is­¯mw?

]Z§Ä IrXyambn hmbn¡mt\m, hmbn¨ Imcy§Ä

a\Ênem¡mt\m IgnhnÃmbva (UnkveIvknb

þhmb\bnepÅ sshIeyw)

am\knI hfÀ¨bv¡\pkrXambn kwkmcn¡m\pÅ

IgnhnÃmbva, Ipdª ]Z k¼¯v, tbmPn¨

hm¡pIfpw hmNI§Ä XncsªSp¯v ]qÀ®

AÀ°t¯msS {]tbmKn¡m³ {]bmkw (dysphasia-

`mjWsshIeyw)

Bibw hm¡pIfnepw hmNI§fnepam¡n FgpXn

{]ISn¸n¡m³ _p²nap«v (dysgraphia - Fgp¯nepÅ

sshIeyw)

KWnX{InbIÄ sN¿m\pÅ sshIeyw.

( dyscalculia KWnX imkv{X]camb sshIeyw)

]T\ {]iv\§pÅ Ip«nIsf F§s\ klmbn¡mw?

Hmtcm Ip«nbpsSbpw ]T\¯n\pÅ thKXbpw

ssienbpw hyXymks¸«ncn¡p¶p. AXv

IW¡nseSp¯psIm­pÅ t_m[\coXnIÄ

Ahew_n¡pI.

\nÀt±i§Ä efnXambn \ÂIpI.

]T\{]hÀ¯\§fn XpSÀ¨bmbn

hnPbn¡phm\pÅ Ahkc§Ä krjvSn¨p

\ÂIpI.

Ip«nIfpsS {]iv\§Ä¡v kz´w

IgnhpIfp]tbmKs¸Sp¯ns¡m­v ]cnlmcw

ImWm³ {ian¡pI.

]T\¯n\v Bhiyamb klmbw \ÂIpI.

hnhn[ Xc¯nepÅ t_m[\coXnIfpw

]T\kma{KnIfpw D]tbmKs¸Sp¯pI.

IpdhpIÄ¡v Ip«nIsf Ipäs¸Sp¯mXncn¡pI.

]T\w ckIcam¡m³ {i²n¡pI.

•CXmbncn¡pw Hmtcm Ip«n¡pw

A[ym]It\mSv tNmZn¡m\pÅXv.

tXmakv BÂhm FUnk¬, BÂ_À«v sF³Ìo³, hn³Ì¬ NÀ¨nÂ,

enbm\mÀtUm Umhn©n, F.BÀ. dlvam³, k¨n³ sS­p¡À, _nÂtKävkv......

ChscÃmw ]T\ sshIeyapÅhcmsW¦nepw X§fpsS taJeIfn henb

t\«§Ä D­m¡nbhcmWv.

Ne\ ]cnanXn

• k©cn¡p¶Xn\v _p²nap«v

A\p`hs¸Sp¶p.

• ssIIÄ Nen¸n¡p¶Xn\v/

{]hr¯nIÄ sN¿p¶Xn\v XSÊw

t\cnSp¶p.

• imcocnIambn AwK`wKw

{]Xy£¯n ImWs¸Sp¶p.

Ne\ ]cnanXn (Orthopeadically Impairment)

Ne\sshIeyw F§s\

eLqIcn¡mw?

Nne kmt¦XnI D]IcW§Ä

D]tbmKn¨pw ikv{X{Inb,

^nkntbmsXdm¸n, H¡pt]jWÂ

sXdm¸n XpS§nb

]cnioe\§fneqsSbpw

Ne\sshIey§Ä

Ipdbv¡p¶Xnt\m AXpaqeapÅ

sshjay§Ä Ipdbv¡p¶Xnt\m

km[n¡p¶p

sNcn¸pIÄ, kÀPn¡Â

jqkv, Imen¸dpIÄ {I¨kv,

hoÂsNbÀ, ss{Sssk¡nÄ,

t{]m¬ t_mÀUv, ÌmânwKv

t_mÀUv F¶nhbmWv

D]IcW§fn NneXv.

skdn{_Â ]mÄkn.

• Hcp {]hr¯n GtIm]n¸n¨v sN¿m³

_p²nap«v A\p`hs¸Sp¶p.

• icoc¯nsâ k´penXmhkvYbpsS

A`mhw t\cnSp¶p.

• Xe t\tc ]nSn¡m³ Ignbp¶nÃ.

• hmbn \n¶p Ft¸mgpw Dan\oÀ

hogp¶ AhkvY.

• icoc¯n\v hndb A\p`hs¸Sp¶p.

akvXnjv¡ XfÀhmXw (Cerebral

Palsy)

\mepXc¯nepÅ akvXnjv¡

XfÀhmXamWv I­phcp¶Xv.

Xcw _m[n¨`mKw t]inbmtcmKy

w

t]inbpsS

Xcw

Ne\§Ä

kv]mÌnknän tamt«mÀtImÀ

«Ivkv

Db˦XvCdpInb,

abanÃm¯Xv

AbhnÃmbva

ssIImepIÄ

c­p

Znibnte¡v

AXntämknkv t_kÂ

Kmw¥nb

amdns¡m­ncn

¡p¶

Ne\§Ä

Ipep¡apÅ

Ne\§Ä

]Xps¡bpÅ

thZ\bpfhm

¡p¶

Ne\§Ä

AämIvknb skdns_Ãw Xmgv¶Xv A{K§fn GtIm]\¯n

sâbpwhndbe

_me³knsâ

bpw A`mhw

anIvkUv ta¸dªh tNÀ¶phcmw

Cerebral Palsy: Topographic

• Monoplegic

• Paraplegic

• Hemiplegic

• Triplegic

• Quadraplegic

• Diplegic

Cerebral Palsy: Clinical Presentation

• Remember that motor developmental progression is from….

Head to Toe

Muscular dystrophy

(progressive )

• 7 hb-Êp-hsc \S-¡p-hm³ km[n¡pw (Ambulatory stage)

• 12 hb-Êp-hsc wheel chair B{inXw (Wheel Chair bound)

• 19-þ20 hb-Êp-hsc bedridden

(Eg: cardio myopathy) GI-tZiw 30 hb-Ên-t\m-Sp-IqSnacWw kw`-

hn-t¨¡mw

kvIqfp-I-fn D­m-tI­ kÖo-I-c-W-§Ä

• hoÂsN-bÀ AsÃ-¦n ss{Sssk-¡nÄ sIm­p-h-cp-¶-Xn-\m-h-

iy-ambNcnª {]Xew

• ¢mkvapdn Xd-\n-c-̧ n Bbn-cn-¡Ww

• an\p-k-ap-ÅXpw hgp-¡-ep-Å-Xp-amb Xd Hgn-hm-¡pI

• Grab rails ¢mknÂkÖo-I-cn-¡pI

• Ip«n-I-fpsS imco-cnI ]cn-an-Xn-IÄ¡v A\p-kr-X-ambn Ccn-̧ n-S-

§Ä

• {]tXy-I-ambn cq]o-I-cn¨ Fgp-̄ p-]-I-c-W-§Ä

\ÂIpI

{]tXy-I-ambn cq]o-I-cn¨ Fgp-¯p-]-

I-c-W-§Ä \ÂIpI

kvIqfp-I-fn D­m-tI­ kÖo-I-c-W-§Ä

• Ip«n-bpsS ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-§Ä ssIsb-̄ m-hp-¶-Zq-c¯v

• tSmbve-äp-I-fn grab bars Dw western type closet Ip«n¡v

A\p-kr-X-amb Db-c-̄ n Wash Basse,

• ]co-£m-k-a-b¯pw ]T\ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡pw IqSp-XÂ

kabw A\p-h-Zn-¡pI

• FÃm-h-tcm-sSm-̧ -apÅ {]hÀ¯-\-§-fn XoÀ¨-bmbpw ]¦m-fn-

bm-IWw

• kÀtÆm-]cn AwKo-Im-chpw t{]mÂkm-l-\hpw \ÂIp-I.

• ChÀ¡m-h-iy-amb klm-b-§Ä sN¿m³ kl-]m-Tn-Isf

t{]mÂkm-ln-̧ n-¡pI

78

AUTISM

• Autism is a disorder of neuraldevelopment that is characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.

79

Hm«nkw (Znhmkz]v\ {]IrXw)

• bYmÀ° temI-¯p-\n¶v ]n³hm§n

B´-cn-I-amb kz]v\-tem-I¯v hnl-

cn-¡p¶ Ah-Ø-sb¶mWv

‘Hm«nkw’ F¶ hm¡p-

sIm­v AÀ°-am-¡p¶Xv.

Hm«nkw

• XtâXmb temI¯v hnlcn¡p¶p.

• Nne i_vZ§tfmSv IqSpXÂ XmXv]cyw

ImWn¡p¶p.

• hyàn_豈 \ne\nÀ¯m³

IgnhnÃmbva.

• kmaqlnI CSs]SepIfn ]cmPbw.

• Htc Xc¯nepÅ BhÀ¯\kz`mhw

ImWn¨p ImWn¨psIm­ncn¡pI.

• I®pIfn t\m¡n kwkmcn¡m³

IgnbmXncn¡pI.

Hm«nkw (Znhmkz]v\ {]IrXw)

khntijXIÄ

.

Hm«nkw XSbm³ Ignbptam?

.

Hm«nkw Hcp tcmKaÃ. HchØbmWv. Ip«nbpsS

hfÀ¨mhnImk¯n\v XSÊambn \n¡p¶ Hcp akvXnjv¡

XIcmdmWv Hm«nkw.

• IEDC 1.mp4

• IEDC 2.mp4

• IEDC 3.mp4

_[ncmÔX

AÔXbpw _[ncXbpw

hyXykvX AfhpIfnÂ

IqSnt¨À¶v Hcp hyànbnÂ

Xs¶ hcp¶Xns\bmWv

_[ncmÔX

F¶p]dbp¶Xv

What is Multiple Disabilities?

“ A combination of impairments (such as

Mental Retardation – Blindness, or Mental

Retardation - Physical Disabilities) that

causes such severe educational difficulties

that the child cannot be accommodated in

special education programs solely for one

of the impairments.

_lphn[ sshIeyw (Multiple

Disabilities)

.

_lphn[ sshIey§Ä Xmsg

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AÔ_[ncX (Deaf blind)

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AÔXbpw akvXnjv¡mLmXhpw (Blind Cerebral Palsy)

AÔXbpw _p²namµyhpw (Blind Mental Retardation)

_[ncXbpw _p²namµyhpw (Deaf Mental

Retardation)

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A]kvamcw.

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hogvN, A]IS§Ä XpS§nbh.

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Education Plan) bpw IqSpXembn

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Our Time is up!