Korom - Of Shamans and Sufis

7/27/2019 Korom - Of Shamans and Sufis

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O Sh S

A Acc “Mc-R”M Mc’ C

F J. Korom

D h c h h h Mch Taussig

(1989) c h h c c c b E-

Ac cc ch cc h w, h h bjc q , c b h w

c w b Atkinson (1992) j b c . Hw,

h h bw h I.1 Wh q

cb c, h c bch I w S

* Rch h ch w b h Ac

I S L S 2010 2011. P w bh

Korom 2011. F K P R Ah h D

R B U. H bc c Village o Painters: NarrativeScrolls rom West Bengal (M Nw Mxc P, 2006) Te Anthropology o

Perormance: A Reader (W-Bcw, 2013).

1. S xc , c, x (Centlivres 1971; Sidky 1990), c

C A h c wh Tc , w h

Köprülü (1929), wh h h bw S h h

c h ’ . S Seleznev Dudoignon (2000). Hw-

, Amitai-Preiss (1999) h wh h h S

wh fc h w, c, h h cc c. -

wh, h h h bh S (h , b xc)

b b h cc c j h .

148 | O Shamans and Suis

c c chc wh

h c h h w c. Winkel-

man (1990; 1992) h h- “c-”

h h b c-c h h h- (c , wch c, , c, h)

hh h w.

Ahh h T- “h-

” “h” x whch ch , Siikala (1978)

hc c h h h E Sbcc

, wh Peters Prie-Williams (1980) x

b c- c wh c,

whch Eliade (1964) c. W h c h h c.2 A ch c

h , c wh c

c, h , h h

c- h (Winkelman 1990, 310). Y h c-

h h xc h c, whch

cc ch b fh. W h c ch c

cc, whch Winkelman (1990, 311) c b

ch w, c, b , - (ch, , ), , , , ,

, , c, cc.

I c h, wh h b xc , h -

wh wh I cc h h chq

ch cc wh h G, hb w h w

h .3 A I h c bw, S h,

h h c. N S b h

h bjc h c h ch . Hw, c, c h h x h

2. F b w h h, Duois 2009,

whch h w h h c ch

ww h b c “.”

3. I “b” bc bjc bcc c h .

Wh w c “” h c ,

hc b b c c, cb wh ch

chc bc. S Von Gernet 2000.

frank Korom | 149

hc , h h c c-

I wh w, h, I wh ch jc h c

h c c chc S ch wh hx w w h w

h bc c b S L h 1940 h U

S h 1980.4 wh wh I cc h Mh-

Rh Bw Mh (.), chc wh

c h b h x c. Mx Weer

(1948, 267–301, 323–62) h “x” x-

wh , Ch Lindolm (1998, 210) , “

cc c, , bc c.” x hh b c h h w ch

cc, h wh hh w. Ex -

h h “ h ch” (Lindolm 1998, 210). Bw, h

b whch h , b h c

b S h h h c w h b

wh h cq b h -

h. H x h

qutb, h c h w hb w x ch

h b h c h c (Korom,

2012b).

D h , Bw’ ch h

c, whch h h

wh w h w h h h h b

- bc c. D h bc, c w -

h ch b c c, h cc x, I c h h

w S L q c w c c-

c h . I, wh I c w b

c Bw h h h U

S h 1970. I cc c, h h

4. T Guru Bawa and the Making o a ransnational Su Family , -

jc b w b h -h h h w. F -

h ch, Narayan Saney 1999.

w cc, whch h c

bc bh , h q

h chc . Sch , hw, q c h

th ss ths st s t pc ws hs bty t hd t p th cs, whch h dwpyd t hs but c-

tud t d up ut hs dth. Idd, y hs ws dty sst

tht h ctus t ssst d gud th th (Korom 2012).

B ch c c cb h h-

c c, h bw hh h bc

b, c.5 Hw, I h h c

h “c” h b ccc,

, h ch c c wh cb c ch ch b wh c cc

w c wh h . Hh,

h c, h bc c

whch w ch h b c chc

wh c b h

( Lisitz 1994).6

Wh h xc c (Mauroo 1976)

bch’ h h (Snyder 2003), h cc hb w b Bw, T h h b h

h (b We 1994; 1998; 2006; Korom 2011; 2012,

2012b). M , h, c h-

h c hhc w bh Nh Ac

S L; , w, cc, , ,

w cc bw b wh I

Bw’ “ cc,” h wh c h

h bc h , wh c- b c h b h h.

5. h c Vansina

(1961; 1971). S h Bron Roerts 1980. O c

c Ic hh, , x, Millie 2008.

6. M x h h Ch c-

, b wh Kugle 2007, Renard 2008,

Werner 2003.

frank Korom | 151

Origins

Acc h, bw 1940 1942, h

h j h S L, h -

K. H w - T- S b

h Q , hh h h w q

h . I, h h b

h hc bc h h c h

q G, whch h w h x -

. V h w b h h c

h h j S L h 1940. I c, h bh

h Te ree Tat Fell to the West (Muaiyaddeen 2003)

x c b h cc b h

h c h ch Phh. I b

hc h c , c b h ’

w cc, whch ch h b

h c c bw bjc bjc ,

Wh w w wh c, hw, h

c hh h h

c c h h h h T-

w J x 1942. I w h

h h wh q h c h h

h . M h c w -

h w-c H, b Ch Bh h cc-

w. C, w M h h h

h . A h h c, h w

c h wh chw b, c, h ,

wh q h c. I w b h c

h h . A

c , Bw’ S w “cb Ic

” (Cittik 1995). Wh h c b c

, h c h h J wh q h

7. I c h Bw w b S L, h cc h

h b c. S Korom 2011.

c c chc hc w M-

. h h w b h, h h

cw cc (Korom 2012; 2012b).8

I 1952, h h cq Dch wh J, whchh c c h x . A

wh ch ch c Bw -

h h , h h c h

w b.9 L Sh A S h b

h (, x, Eaton 1993, 194–304), Bw cq c

b, whch h c h h h wh

h h . B h , h w w G Bw

h H w, h q wh c , , c, wh h M w h c

“c .” A h h, xc, c , b

M c h, h wh c

b bw , h h cc-

bh h h c c, whch h bh h

Sb S S Cc (sss) 1962.10

Bw’ c wh c b bc h

w bc h h b w. bh cc (Mauroo 1976, 40.), cb b

c, h w bh N, bb J w,

w cc w h c cc

K h h h h h h. Wh h w

h, h w bh Bw h j, wh h

8. M h J M wh wh I w b wh h,

hh h Bw w “ G,” c w hh w .

9. A Bw’ S L H w wh w Ph-

h h h c h . O h ch, h

w q b h c h c w

bw c T b. b’ w c

wh b h. W h c b h c-

, Bw’ w c w h c c h h c

10. sss w c c b h S L 27 Nb

1974 h Bw’ b S.

frank Korom | 153

h bh . cc w b h, wh c-

c. c c w j , b h

h h wh c. h c

cc w h Bw c T, h h c q .11 A wh

h , h h J wh h, b h c,

h h w h . Acc -

, h h w h h wh c, whch

h cc.12

S ch h c bw cc h c w

b h h . A , h

h h, h , - b Bw h h . O

cc w c h:

A w h Bw h c h [h w bh’ h -

’] hh, h c c .

D h c c h hh b h w, h

h b h . A, h w h h w

h w w h

h . Hw, wh h w w h h bh h b ch, h fw h c

(h L K), w h . Wh h w h

, hw, h c wh h K , h

c “” w h w wh h h , , h

h. Th w b h xc,

h h w. (Mauroo 1976, 42)13

11. h w c (hc, c h q) h

fc b Abc c Aw, whch b T. cc w h , hw, c

c, c h T h I (wh Bw w bb b)

q c h h S L. O

Aw, Su’ay 1993.

12. h h h w, wh f c ,

b , w , chc h, h , whch

c M h. S Ernst 1997, 58–80.

13. “Sw” Bw b h H J. I h

w c c h “h,” “,” “ ch,”

“.”

Sch w c h Bw’ .14 I J,

h c h h w. S c

c b cc ch b c

jc ch c c. B c - h b xc wh

ch’ c h Bw b h h c

.15 Acc w wh hc, Bw

w h j h h .

H w h b h h h b bch. H

hb chc , wh

c h b c c b h. Ahh h j c

h c , w c w b bc .

A x c, Bw c h wh

b h bch J w wh h wh h

w wh bh h c h. Sh h ,

c h h , c h c

wh c cch h h . bh

h h w c Bw’ c.

bc hb h, wh h c chc . B 1966, Bw h c

cb, , ch wh h c. H h c

wh h bh h w c, b, cc

B h , Bw h b h w -

h w ch M Cb c h c

w c, c. b w w h c

14. c b w, hc -

b h ch. O h cc h c F-

wh, Korom 2012.

15. h h h Bw’ Ac w wh

cc h S L c b h hc

xc h h. M bc cb h b -

ch c . I b h c h

sss h Bw b c wh h c Cb h

c h, whch Bw h c

cx h h .

frank Korom | 155

wh Bw h c. I, h w -

, w-c M bh h M M c.16

w hc Bh h b .

D h c c, h w c w c h hhc .

U h h H wh c h w ,

h w M w Bw S, M c

h x shaykh. I w h M c

Cb h h Sb S S

Cc, whch , h h cc c,

w b h b c.17 F

, h, Bw bc h J Cb K, h w c 1969 b h c

c w h U S.

he ree that Fell to the West

Hw h w, Ac c S

L M 1969. M w c c Phh h h . H h b b-

c wh h ch bc wh w h w

C. w h h b h ch’ ch-

h c w h cc

h h cc wh h xc w c h c h

w xc.18 w h b x-

16. O h cc h h M, MGilvray 1998. Fh M b h M c S L, Eendi 1982.

17. W h S , whch c

Bw’ ch , h c b h . w , hw-

, ch h h h c , bc

18. I c, h h c, w c b h,

xc, , h -c h bh. I , h

c wh w wh h w h -

w q, whch w b hc

b h ( Mauroo 1976, 48). M, Bw’ bc h

c h h 1963 whch h c c. I w

h c Nw O h h Nb h h c

w h h b xc. A h c 2006,

“Eh , I w h hh . I w -, h h b, h.” H hb

hh h w h , b h h w ,

wh . Y , h w h w-

x Bw’ b:

I w , ch . bc

c. Th h b c ,

c. . Eh. N h, , ,

ch, b, h. hh h h, , c . I h wh w wh

b c b . bc , h w, wh

cc , . (Muaiyaddeen 1972, 249)

A c c h h :

A , h b w “” c x wh

w c. A h c , wh bc c. I

h, h w wh x h . Nh w,xc h c h h x. I w qc,

h c [sic] b b.

(Muaiyaddeen 1972, 249)

Rc b b, c wh, h

h c h, , “ c. O…

‘THERE IS ONLY ONE’… x h ‘I’ w, I w w h

w w wh xc j” (Muai-

yaddeen 1972, 249).19

Bc h xc w b, h w q h c

c wh h . “I cc,” h

w. “I b cb h O” (Muaiyaddeen 1972, 250).

h h ch, whch c cc

19. h h x. Nc h h c h -

q , whch h h xc c h q h

frank Korom | 157

A , h c wh h h, h

J. Sh h x h xc h:

A w b, [h xc] bc c b h b

h w . B h , h

c, ‘P c! P c!’ A h h w w

c. I h. I . A I w h I

wh h b xc, b I h I h

G. I c I c G.

(Muaiyaddeen 1972, 250)

I h h c ch h

w h q b h b xc h h

b Nw O.

Wh L, h cb. Sh c

h Phh wh cqc h b

wh w S L W Phh wh, , w

S ch h . S h w h

’ , c h , h ch-

’ . ch w h h G Bw. Sh w h

c q h c 21 Ocb 1969.

H h q 11 Nb 1969. R h “-,” h h h w b h h. Sh h 24

M 1970 b w h Bw “w,” h

w h h b wh h. I h h

h h h w V c w

, whch w c h h x. Sh h h

h x h h w.

I h w, h b c wh Bw, wh cb -

w c b h ch’ c. A h cc w bw 1969 1971. D h

, h c h w b c h b

h S L b wh h, c

cc w c h . Sh h

c h - h h c-

Bw h Phh. Hc,

1971, h h w “wh” -

b h Phh. T c , h c

h h Bw Mh Fwh

h b h 11 Ocb 1971.

c h Fwh h

h ’ h , whch h w h W Phh. Bw c h , w b

c h h’ ch b h h w.

B h 1972 h h w ch h -

, whch Bw h , h c, h

, wh h x b h xc

c h c h h h h

. Bw’ , cc h c , w b-

c w ch w h c c- h .20

Kw hs gu ptcpt tth dgus, hs ctus

chs, d us tscdt pws cudg th hg tuch

dw d pp ut th hus cud g cc-

dt th t gup. Fwshp gduy gw g d pspus

ugh t puchs Jwsh cuty ct th utsts

th cty 1973 tht ws cvtd by th t cu hus wh

Bw’s “Ac y” cud sd ctby.21

Fwshp wscy gstd s t--pt gzt 1974, wth th g

dscvg th g d hud’s pups th. s

vt s th thd phs th vt’s sttutzt, th st

bg th stbsht hs cu th S L d th sc-

d bg th udg th Sdb Su Study Cc Cb. Wht

ws st cg th scgc ss ws “chuch,” ct pc

wshp, ctpt, d py t whch bs wud hv ccss.

A w , h c , Bw h “ch-

” b b q h Fwh h w c-

20. Hw, b h Fwh wh h c-

b b xc c- c b h cb

bc, whch Weer (1947, 324–91) b w

bh cc b. h h cc Mx-

, whch h, x c, b h h-

21. c c b w cq h Sh, h h

j whch h w b b.

frank Korom | 159

c M 1984. I h

c Bw’ Ac c , w hc

c c M.22 F h

h Phh h h 8 Dcb 1986, G Bw xc, bc h bw h

h Sh A h w cc q Phh.

D h h U S, h S L

, w b h Ac “” b

wh h.23 D h c bc, h - h Ac

ch b wh h c G H Mb, h

h c. c h h c c w

h h h h c c ch, h Bw’ c w, cc h h.24

D h h , h c

h b w b wh, w , h

w c h h h h c h w,

b h c h h. P

b h , Bw Phh h

h h h .

D h c hh, cc b c h h b h, h b h b ch

h h Fwh h wh h h

22. Phh h q c M c -

M, b Ac-Ac wh c I h

Bc Pw . O w Bw’ h, hw, Ac-Ac,

whch h wh h h Fwh.

Fwh q w h h c, hh h x

h c . M wh F h c Bw h ch, b c ; h ,

h, whch c . Oh b h ch h

S Abc h ch madrasa b Fwh b. O

Ac-Ac M Phh, MCloud 1996. O c b

Ac-Ac M , Curtis 2007.

23. h M 1972–Fb 1973; Fb 1974–J 1975;

Nb 1976–A 1978; Dcb 1980–Nb 1982.

24. c xc , w h h h c. R

cc h w F, h b h

c’ wc Bw’ ch b.

h S L.25 H b w b h

Fwh h, whch w b E Fw-

, Ch c c c x

Phh.26 w ch b h Fwh 1973 Bw’ . H h c h ch

h 100-c c M c c

, h w hw c w c h

U S. A h b, h w b h h

h c wh h h w . O h c h

, h c h bc c

c Nh Ac Sh A.27 I h

h Bw’ c , c h h

h c, whch h b

hh c , , c.28

25. H w wh c h b h h

w h bh. Bw w h h , hh h

, cc wh w h w. Hw, h -

b w c b c b b h b h w.Bw cw h h h h h Fwh

b h h U S. I 16 Nb 1970, h c, “h

w w h c. B wh h c h

h h b h w. I c. I h h-

h wh b. Y, h ch h c

h ch h . Wh w bc c, , h, h

c bc h c h w ch h . , bh, wh h-

h. Oh h h, h ch h , h, .”

26. O wh bh Bw’ b b h c h h b

hw c. I c, x h c fw. E , h c h w wh w b h c, c-

b h ch.

27. B 1976 h Fwh b c 7,000

b, h b Fwh c h Bw h

x 10,000 “ch” ww. ’ c, hw, c

1,000 , whch h h b h b ch h

28. 14 Mch 2011 h w-h h ,

c wh b , c b P-

cw bc h .

frank Korom | 161

Closing Remarks

B h hhc c bw

2006 h h , I wh h hhb b chc S ch S L h c-

c h c h c shaykh

h h “ ” h c h U S

h 1960 1970, h w h b x

w A Ac , whch w h

bh h w .29 Acc w-

, Bw h 1973 w G Mhj

J b h H A h M73 , whch w . Wh Mhj J w b

h c h h h h

c h L h W, c h H

Kh.30 I h bh h M

ch, Bw c h ccc hc

hh, h , b b Ic

w S c, whch w c . B

h , h c ch h -c b fc

h h G, wh H c.

I , Bw Mh h “c”

h c h c h I

cb b. h h S L h, wh h -

h ( w ) c H ch S ,

29. Ellood (1994) b c h c Ac h-. I bq cqc b Roo 1999. I w,

Bw’ shaykh wh h Winkelman

(1990; 1992) h h h c- c

ch c cc ccc.

30. c wh h c h . H A-

c ch, c h h Phh q, c w Bw

h, wh h S L w c h Ac h c h.

R bw h Ac S L c, c h w

bc 1972 wh Bw w ch S L b h

c Phh. S Mauroo (1976, 29).

chc b (, h, ,

h). c h cc wh h b h

b Cb wh h .

hhc, h hhc h w w w b h 1970 ( Bond 2003), b whch h c h

c, ch b h

bc . h h cc wh h h U S.

H h h c c, h

Nw A b h , whch -

-. E, hw, h c h

c Ic h c .31

w, whch c h w b bh, h w, w h h,

whch h h cc, h h,

whch cc wh G b cc,

, c wh G h

c bc c h c h “

.” Bw h H, Z, Ch,

I, ch whch c h

( We 1994).T ppct Bw’s pp, ust tc hs hstc dvpt

hs hub c ts t hs s tt . Wh dg

s, tcs vt tt d -dt pch

twd stuctud ud dstct gus g tg

y tuus s wth p-stbshd tdt wth Is. My g

pjct s t sh ut ths tst d t udstd hw

Bw cstty djustd hs tchgs t sut th ssbts hs chgg

udcs. s ctxt sstvty y b td Bw’s tchgs,

whch cud vy w hv b fucd by th Buddhst t su

s usd t tch t v cphsb t th dvdu studt.32

31. S h c Nw A cc -

. Heelas 1996 Hanegraa 1996, w x h Nw A, x,

wh . I h b c h w h

h c. S Wilson 1997.

32. h cc h h b x b ch .

Wh h c H Bh h c I H h

frank Korom | 163

Bc h chc h , h

h jc h fw h -

hw h wh ’ ch h cc S c h

’ , b h , c, cc

wh h S L. M, I h h -

h h cc h

h . A I , w w h h

, whch wh Wb w c h

ch cc. I c Bw’ h h h ch

c bh, wh Bw’ c c w bc h b h ’ ch

hh h c b c c b bh-

, h c, x bh

b h ’ ch hh ,

ch bc h ch c

q h b w , hw

w c bc bb w c bh h b h-

h cc cc

( h Fwh’ c h h h b chc)? M,

wh Bw h “h” h

h S L h U S, w h

h ccc c

S shaykh wh h Ic hx

ch c--ch c h ? Iw ch q, w h chc

Bw’ c, whch wh w c wh h

b x, h x x h fc h Bh

h h I, c , b Elverskog 2010 Sott 1995. O upāya (-

), Pye 2003.

33. I h c bbh h h ch, -

b bh b h Bw Mh Fwh P ccb

h ’ wb. S h://www.b.c/Sc/..

h u, s I dscussd t th utst. T bg wth, Bw spt y

ys st, whch cspds t th sh’s “sty qust” ut-

d by Winkelman (1990). It ws dug ths sty qust tht Bw

bg t pctc th shc tchqus td bv, such s ud-ty dvg (chtg & sgg), stg (bstg d tgth),

d ustty (vg cvs d jugs wthut ps bggs).

I h Bw cc . w h w

x w h wh h w w h cc c-

, h w c , b c, whch

fh w cc. A Bw cb , h w h

c “G’ w.” Bw’ hc

h b q c. Bw b h c ,whch h w , , whch h wh

w h w, b h h h h.

B bb h , h bc hc w. D h

S L, h x h c cc c

ch c. H c h h w h wh w h -

c c h, whch h -

h w h. Oc h w c, h w b

cc x h w.Bawa, however, was a reluctant prophet, in the sense that he hesitated at

each major step in his career. It took him a ew years to make the commit-

ment to begin his ormal ministry in Jana, then it took him many more

to spread out to Colombo. It is said that when Bawa was invited to the

capital to ound the Serendib Su Study Circle, he balked, stating that he

eared he was a tree upon which too many people would perch. Interest-

ingly, his correspondence rom Colombo to Philadelphia indicates that he

was eager to leave the island or oreign terrain. It is not clear why, but

perhaps he was aware o the impending bloodshed that would occur once

ethnic confict and violence led to civil war.34 One thing is certain, though.

It took a certain amount o recruitment and cajoling by interested parties

to convince Bawa to make the moves that he did. Teir motivations, no

doubt, were based on sel-interest arising out o their observations o this

unique individual.

34. H w c h Bw c h w b b, h h

c h J w jw h c, c h h c.

frank Korom | 165

Wh h w T bh J w Bw w

bjc cc c

whch h w jc. Th c h,

cc W h, c - wh hw , , , c. Ahh

ch c ch c w q -h

, c h , c , h

cc. S h h S, h

h bw h, ch h h cq

hh h h ch-

hc. A , c h

c hh h w, b h h h h b h cc Nw A ch.35

qc h I h cc h -

b h b hw c S c

h, b hw h c. J W

h h h h c c-

ch, Bw h

c h c . B

b h c c x- , I h h h ch w cb q

c c h cc hw -

“c” “c,” h “chch”

c , w hw h w h bc

Reerences

Amitai-Preiss, R., “S R h I h M h

Ih.” Journal o the Economic and Social History o the Orient 42

(1999): 27–46.

35. O h wh Sh Ac h h

h c Ac ch h h h -

bw h w. S Bron 1997.

Atkinson, J. M., “Sh T.” Annual Review o Anthropology 21 (1992):

307–30.

Bond, G. D., “ C L M M L G

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