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Kingdom Protista. Protists. Chapter 19. 19.1 Introduction to Protists. Endosymbiosis. Theory believed to explain origin of eukaryotes and complex organelles like mitochondria & chloroplast. Large prokaryotes engulfed a smaller prokaryote and lived symbiotically - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Kingdom Protista
Endosymbiosis
Theory believed to explain origin of eukaryotes and complex organelles like mitochondria & chloroplast
19.1 Introduction to Protists
Protists
Large prokaryotes engulfed a smaller prokaryote and lived symbiotically
Eventually evolved into a single organism
Chapter 19
Protists
All protists are eukaryotes.
19.1 Introduction to Protists
Protists
Some reproduce asexually by mitosis while others exchange genetic material.
Most are single celled First Eukaryotes on Earth Must have moisture
Chapter 19
Classifying Protists
Some scientists classify protists by their methods of obtaining nutrition.
Protists
Animal-like protists- Heterotroph
Plantlike protists- Autotroph
Funguslike protists- Saprotroph
19.1 Introduction to Protists
Chapter 19
Animal-like protists
• Heterotrophs• Single-celled• Eat algea, bacteria or other protists• “protozoans” = “pre” animals• 4 phyla (groups) based on mode of movement
Phylum Zoomastigina - flagellates
Trypanasoma: Giardia:Causes African sleeping sickness Causes intestinal infections
More Zoomastigina – Trichonympha – digests cellulose in termites
Phylum Sarcodina
• Move and feed through use of pseudopods
• Pseudopod – temporary projection of the cytoplasm
• i.e. Amoebas• When feeding, they surround food
and bring into cell in the form of a food vacuole by endocytosis
Phylum Ciliophora - ciliates• Use cilia for feeding and
movement• Cilia: hair-like projections that
flow back and forth like ores• Example: Paramecium• Contain macro (working copy)
and micronucleus (reserve copy of genetic info)
• Contactile vacuole removes excess water
• Reproduce by conjugation or binary fission
Ciliophora • Stentor• Largest known protozoan
Phylum Apicomplexa - sporozoans• Parasites• Move through blood of host organisms• Reproduce through spores• Ex: Plasmodium causes malaria.
Malaria sporozoite
Protozoa Structures • Pellicle – A rigid, but flexible structure of
microtubules that underlies the plasma membrane of many protozoans.
• Trichocysts – Some pellicular structures are used for protection. These “threads” cover the body of the protozoan.
Protists and Disease• Malaria – effects 300-500 million
people– Caused by the sporozoan
Plasmodium carried by mosquitoe• African sleeping sickness
– Caused by zooflagellate Trypanosoma
– Spread by the bite of the Tsetse fly• Amoebic dysentery
– Caused by amoeba in contaminated water
• Giardia– Intestinal infection; ingested from
infected waters
Plant-like ProtistsAKA: Algae
• Autotrophs• phytoplankton• Contain chlorophyll and other pigments• Produce 70% of earth’s oxygen• 6 phyla• Classified by pigment and structure
Algae• Green• Brown• Red• Dinoflagellates• Diatom• Euglenoid
Phylum Chlorophyta – Green Algae
• Contain chlorophyll as main pigment
Phylum Phaeophyta – Brown algae• Contain brown photosynthetic pigment• Include Kelp
Phylum Rodophyta – red algae• Contain red photosynthetic pigments• Carrageenan used in ice cream and
other yummy foods
Phylum Pyrrophyta - Dinoflagellates •Two
flagella around “equator” to spin
•One flagellum on end to propel forward
Cause red tides
Phylum Bacillariophyta - Diatoms
• Pill-box shape
• Hard outer shell
Diatoms• Diatomaceous earth• You brush your teeth with these
Phylum Euglenozoa (Euglenoids)• Swim with flagella• Live in lakes and streams• Can also be heterotrophs!• Use eye-spot to detect light• Can reproduce asexually
through binary fission• Example: euglena
Fungus-like Protists• Feed on decaying matter and absorb nutrients-
saprophyte• Cell wall with cellulose• Slime molds and Water molds/Downy Mildews
Phylum Acrasiomycota – cellular slime molds
Water Molds and Downy Mildews