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States of Matter
Kinetic Energy
All matter is made up of tiny particles, such as atoms, molecules, or ions.
The particles that make up all types of matter are in constant motion.
Particles in Motion
Kinetic energy - is the energy of motion.
Increased temperature means greater average kinetic energy, so most substances expand when heated.
Kinetic Energy
There are three familiar states of matter— solid, liquid, and gas.
A fourth state of matter known as plasma occurs at extremely high temperatures.
States of Matter
A solid is matter with a definite shape and definite volume.
Solids hold their own shape, have weight, & take up space.
Solid
Are packed tightly together and can only vibrate.
Has the LEAST amount of kinetic energy.
Particles in Solids
A liquid is matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape.
Liquids takes the shape of the container; however, the volume is the same.
Liquid
Are loosely packed and can slide past one another.
Has a MODERATE level of kinetic energy.
Particles in Liquids
Gas is matter that does not have a definite shape or volume.
The particles in gas are much farther apart than those in a liquid or solid.
Gas
Gas particles move freely in all directions, except during occasional collisions.
Have LOTS of kinetic energy.
Particles in Gases
Plasma – is a state of matter that starts out as a gas and becomes ionized.
Used in fluorescent light bulbs and Neon lights.
Plasma
Are electrically charged.
Plasma has the GREATEST amount of kinetic energy.
Lightning is a plasma.
Particles in Plasma
PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement DuringPhase Change
Solid to liquid
MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
PHASE CHANGESDescription of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place
to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move
about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high
speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
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