Kinematics describes human movement in three-planes · PDF fileKinematics describes human...

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KneeJointMovement101--OsteokinematicsandArthrokinematics

Therearetwojointsattheknee--tibiofemoralandpatellofemoral.Thetibiofemoraljointexperiencesforcesbetweenthefemurandtibiaandoperatesasamodifiedhingejoint;whereas,thepatellofemoral

saddlejointoperatesprimarilyasanextensormechanismtoincreasequadricepsleverage.

Kinematicsdescribeshumanmovementinthree-planesandthree-axes.

Therelationshipbetweenaplaneanditsaxiscanbeeasilyseenasplane/axisinthecontextofa3Dcoordinatesystem.

Anexampleoftheseplanes/axesappliedtothekneejoint.

Itisimperativetounderstandhowbonesmoveinrelationtojoints(Osteokinematics)andthemannerinwhichjointsurfacesmoveinrelationtoadjoiningjoint-surfaces(Arthrokinematics)tounderstandthe

complexityofkneefunction.

Osteokinematicspertainstothevoluntarybonemovementsatsynovialjointsrelativethejoints’centralaxisofrotation.

Thetibiofemoraljointisconsideredtriaxial,movinginthreeplanesaroundthreeaxes,givingitthree

degreesoffreedom–flexion/extension,adduction/abductionandinternal/externalrotation.

Arthrokinematicsisconcernedwithhowjointsurfacesmoveinrelationtoeach-other–primarilyinvoluntaryroll,glideandspincharacteristicsthatensurestabilityandjointcongruenceduring

movement

Tibiofemoralroll&glidearenecessaryforeffectivetibiofemoralflexionandextension–withoutthemthelargerfemurwouldsimplyrolloffthetibiaand/orvice-versa.

Patellofemoralmovementsareprimarilyarthrokinematicbecauseitisasynovialglidejoint.

.

CombinedOsteokinematicandArthrokinematicMovementsoftheKneeJoint

CoronalTibiofemoralJoint

SagittalTibiofemoralJointMovement

CoronalPatellofemoralJointMovement

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