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KENT COUNTYKENT COUNTYHOMELESS STUDYHOMELESS STUDY
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYMICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
CENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRSCENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRS
FALL 2000FALL 2000
RESEARCH TEAM MEMBERSRESEARCH TEAM MEMBERS
JEFF FROMMEYER JEFF FROMMEYER –– MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK CANDIDATECANDIDATETAMMY L. HOLT TAMMY L. HOLT –– MASTER OF URBAN AND MASTER OF URBAN AND REGIONAL PLANNING CANDIDATEREGIONAL PLANNING CANDIDATEDR. REX LAMORE DR. REX LAMORE -- STATE DIRECTOR, CENTER STATE DIRECTOR, CENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRSFOR URBAN AFFAIRSDR. JOHN SCHWEITZERDR. JOHN SCHWEITZER-- PROFESSOR OF THE PROFESSOR OF THE URBAN AFFAIRS PROGRAMURBAN AFFAIRS PROGRAM
RESEARCH ADVISORSRESEARCH ADVISORS
ROBERT SCHIRADO ROBERT SCHIRADO -- PLANNER, KENT COUNTY HEALTH PLANNER, KENT COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENT
JAMES WINSLOW JAMES WINSLOW –– HOUSING ADMINISTRATOR, KENT HOUSING ADMINISTRATOR, KENT COUNTY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENTCOUNTY COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
MICHAEL STACHOWIAK MICHAEL STACHOWIAK –– HOMELESS ASSISTANCE HOMELESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAM, SALVATION ARMYPROGRAM, SALVATION ARMY
BETTY ZYLSTRABETTY ZYLSTRA-- DIRECTOR OF BOOTH SERVICES, DIRECTOR OF BOOTH SERVICES, SALVATION ARMYSALVATION ARMY
KENT COUNTY HOMELESS STUDYKENT COUNTY HOMELESS STUDY
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
DESCRIPTION OF DATADESCRIPTION OF DATA
RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSISRESULTS OF DATA ANALYSIS
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
DESCRIPTION OF DATADESCRIPTION OF DATA
PERIOD OF DATA COLLECTIONPERIOD OF DATA COLLECTION
PARTICIPATING SHELTERSPARTICIPATING SHELTERS
CLIENT INFORMATION SHEET (INTAKE FORM)CLIENT INFORMATION SHEET (INTAKE FORM)
PARTICIPATING SHELTERSPARTICIPATING SHELTERS
CASA DE LA PAZCASA DE LA PAZ
THE BRIDGETHE BRIDGE
DOMESTIC CRISIS DOMESTIC CRISIS CENTERCENTER
GUIDING LIGHT GUIDING LIGHT WOMEN’S MISSIONWOMEN’S MISSION
HOMELESS ASSISTANCE HOMELESS ASSISTANCE PROGRAMPROGRAM
ICCF FAMILY HAVEN ICCF FAMILY HAVEN
MEL TROTTER MISSIONMEL TROTTER MISSION
RAMOTH HOUSERAMOTH HOUSE
RECUPERATION CENTERRECUPERATION CENTER
RED CROSS RED CROSS
THE SALVATION ARMY THE SALVATION ARMY
SENIOR NEIGHBORS SENIOR NEIGHBORS
WELL HOUSEWELL HOUSE
PRIOR SHELTER HISTORY PRIOR SHELTER HISTORY (INCLUDING MISSING DATA)(INCLUDING MISSING DATA)
Yes25%
No58%
Missing17%
PRIOR SHELTER HISTORY PRIOR SHELTER HISTORY
Yes30%
No70%
RECENT RESIDENCERECENT RESIDENCE
76%
4%
7%
13%
Grand Rapids
Wyoming
Other Kent County
Outside of KentCounty
HIGH SCHOOL / GEDHIGH SCHOOL / GED
46%
54%
yesno
ATTENDED COLLEGEATTENDED COLLEGE
20%
80%
yesno
FAMILY COMPOSITIONFAMILY COMPOSITION
35%
13%
43%
9%
single femalesingle malefemale with childrenother
FAMILY SIZEFAMILY SIZE
48%
16%
16%
20%
1
2
3
4+
AGE OF PRIMARY CLIENTAGE OF PRIMARY CLIENT
Mean age was 29.2Mean age was 29.2
Youngest was 9Youngest was 9
Oldest was 87Oldest was 87
92% were younger 92% were younger than 46 yearsthan 46 years
14%
28%
31%
19%
8%
Lessthan 18
18-25
26-35
36-45
46+
GENDERGENDER
20%
80%
MalesFemales
FAMILY RACE FAMILY RACE
49%
40%
6%5%
BlackWhiteHispanicOther
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOMESOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
05
1015202530
Part-tim
eFull-t
ime
AFDCSocS
ecSSDI
SSIVeteranUnemp
ParentChildOtherNone
REASONS FOR HOMELESSNESSREASONS FOR HOMELESSNESSIN PERCENTIN PERCENT
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Other
Recuperation
Fire/Disaster
Mental Health
Drug/Alcohol Abuse
Runaway
Domestic Violence
Financial
VETERAN HOUSEHOLDVETERAN HOUSEHOLD
4%
96%
Yes
No
MOVED FROM SHELTER TO:MOVED FROM SHELTER TO:
21%
11%
13%15%
28%
12%
another shelter
friends of family
independent
last residence
unknown
other
RESULTS OF DATA ANALYSISRESULTS OF DATA ANALYSIS
QUANTIFYING HOMELESSNESSQUANTIFYING HOMELESSNESS
OVERALL INCIDENTSOVERALL INCIDENTS
LENGTH OF STAYLENGTH OF STAY
RECIDIVISMRECIDIVISM
DEMOGRAPHIC CROSSTABSDEMOGRAPHIC CROSSTABS
WAYS OF QUANTIFYING WAYS OF QUANTIFYING HOMELESSNESSHOMELESSNESS
Incidents Incidents -- indicated by intake formsindicated by intake forms•• Single person or a familySingle person or a family
•• Unique incident or recidivismUnique incident or recidivism
Unique ID’sUnique ID’s
Length of stay: date leftLength of stay: date left--date entereddate entered
BedBed--Nights: (family size) x (length of stay)Nights: (family size) x (length of stay)
MEASURES OF HOMELESSNESS INMEASURES OF HOMELESSNESS INTHE FIVE YEAR PERIODTHE FIVE YEAR PERIOD
11,132 incidents in five years11,132 incidents in five years•• 5,104 unique incidents5,104 unique incidents
•• 2,005 individuals were recidivists2,005 individuals were recidivists
•• 6,028 repeated incidents6,028 repeated incidents
Family size mean = 2.2Family size mean = 2.2
Length of stay averaged 9.5 daysLength of stay averaged 9.5 days
Average incident used 20.9 bedAverage incident used 20.9 bed--nightsnights
226,803 total bed226,803 total bed--nightsnights
INCIDENTS OF HOMELESSNESS INCIDENTS OF HOMELESSNESS INVOLVING CHILDRENINVOLVING CHILDREN
66% of the incidents involved children66% of the incidents involved children•• 37%involved children under age 637%involved children under age 6
•• 32% involved children aged 632% involved children aged 6--1717
•• 15% of the incidents were single children 15% of the incidents were single children under age 18under age 18
There were 14,211 children involved in There were 14,211 children involved in homeless incidentshomeless incidents
129,240 bed129,240 bed--nights were used by childrennights were used by children
INCIDENTS OF HOMELESSNESSINCIDENTS OF HOMELESSNESSBY YEARBY YEAR
2526 2553
2113
1709
2122
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99
BEDBED--NIGHTS BY YEARNIGHTS BY YEAR
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
1st Qtr 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99
LENGTH OF STAYLENGTH OF STAY
Average length was Average length was 9.5 days9.5 days
Most frequent (18%) Most frequent (18%) was 1 daywas 1 day
61% stayed less than 1 61% stayed less than 1 weekweek
8% stayed more than 4 8% stayed more than 4 weeksweeks
61%
31%
8%
Lessthan 1Week
1 to 4Weeks
Over 4Weeks
LENGTH OF STAY (DAYS) LENGTH OF STAY (DAYS) BY REASON FOR HOMELESSNESSBY REASON FOR HOMELESSNESS
0 5 10 15 20 25
Other
Recuperation
Fire/Disaster
Mental Health
Drug/Alcohol Abuse
Runaway
Domestic Violence
Financial
DAYS
LENGTH OF STAY LENGTH OF STAY BY SHELTER GROUPBY SHELTER GROUP
0 10 20 30 40
Intake/Assessment
Motels
Special Populations
Men
Women andChildren
DAYS
INCIDENTS OF HOMELESSNESSINCIDENTS OF HOMELESSNESSBY SHELTER GROUPBY SHELTER GROUP
38%
3%26%
29%
4%
Women and ChildrenMenSpecial PopulationsIntake/AssessmentMotels
REPEATED INCIDENTS OF REPEATED INCIDENTS OF HOMELESSNESSHOMELESSNESS
Of the 11,132 incidents, Of the 11,132 incidents, 46% were one timers46% were one timers
20% were persons 20% were persons who had two incidentswho had two incidents
15% had 5 or more 15% had 5 or more incidents of incidents of homelessness in the homelessness in the five year periodfive year period
Number of Incidents
1
2
3
4
5 plus
USE OF HOMELESS SHELTERS IN USE OF HOMELESS SHELTERS IN BEDBED--NIGHTS BY RECIDIVISMNIGHTS BY RECIDIVISM
41%
22%
13%
9%
15%
1
2
3
4
5
PERCENT OF RECIDIVISM BY PERCENT OF RECIDIVISM BY REASONS FOR HOMELESSNESSREASONS FOR HOMELESSNESS
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Other
Recuperation
Fire/Disaster
Mental Health
Drug/Alcohol Abuse
Runaway
Domestic Violence
Financial
RECIDIVISM BY GENDERRECIDIVISM BY GENDER
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4 5+
Men
Women
RECIDIVISM BY RACERECIDIVISM BY RACE
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
White Black Other
One Time
Two or More
RECIDIVISM BY FAMILY RECIDIVISM BY FAMILY COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION
55.3
39.5
60.9
42.438.8
50.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Sing
leFe
mal
e
Sing
leM
ale
Fem
ale
&C
hild
ren
Mal
e &
Chi
ldre
n
Cou
ple
Cou
ple
&C
hild
ren
RECIDIVISM BY WHERERECIDIVISM BY WHERECLIENT MOVED TOCLIENT MOVED TO
More Likely to Repeat Homeless EpisodeMore Likely to Repeat Homeless Episode•• Another shelterAnother shelter
•• Substance abuse treatmentSubstance abuse treatment
Less Likely to RepeatLess Likely to Repeat•• Out of townOut of town
•• Returned to last residenceReturned to last residence
•• VA facilityVA facility
NUMBERS OF HOMELESS PEOPLENUMBERS OF HOMELESS PEOPLEBY RACE AND GENDERBY RACE AND GENDER
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Whites Blacks Other
Males
Females
PERCENT OF HOMELESS MALES AND PERCENT OF HOMELESS MALES AND FEMALES BY RACEFEMALES BY RACE
48
33.637.6
56
14.410.4
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Whites Blacks Other
Males
Females
RECIDIVISM BY RACE AND GENDERRECIDIVISM BY RACE AND GENDER
39.3
49.6
40.6
64.7
37.1
51.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Whites Blacks Other
Males
Females
RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS
INTAKE FORMINTAKE FORM
CHILDREN AS CUSTOMERSCHILDREN AS CUSTOMERS
REASON FOR HOMELESSNESSREASON FOR HOMELESSNESS
PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS
INTAKE FORMINTAKE FORM
TRAINING FOR INTAKE WORKERSTRAINING FOR INTAKE WORKERS
EDUCATIONAL LEVELEDUCATIONAL LEVEL-- ENTER HIGHEST GRADE ENTER HIGHEST GRADE COMPLETEDCOMPLETED
PRIMARY REASON FOR STAY CATEGORY PRIMARY REASON FOR STAY CATEGORY --SPECIFY WHAT “OTHER” MEANSSPECIFY WHAT “OTHER” MEANS
SIZE OF FAMILY CATEGORY SIZE OF FAMILY CATEGORY -- REPLACE WITH THE REPLACE WITH THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE SEEKING SHELTERACTUAL NUMBER OF PEOPLE SEEKING SHELTER
INTAKE FORMINTAKE FORM
INCLUDE A CATEGORY FOR REFERRING AGENCY, INCLUDE A CATEGORY FOR REFERRING AGENCY, WALKWALK--IN, POLICE DROPIN, POLICE DROP--OFF, ETC.OFF, ETC.
FAMILY COMPOSITION FAMILY COMPOSITION --COMPLETE A SEPARATE COMPLETE A SEPARATE INTAKE FORM FOR EACH ADULT SEEKING INTAKE FORM FOR EACH ADULT SEEKING SHELTERSHELTER
CHILDREN AS CUSTOMERSCHILDREN AS CUSTOMERS
66% OF INCIDENTS INVOLVE CHILDREN66% OF INCIDENTS INVOLVE CHILDREN
37% OF INCIDENTS INVOLVE CHILDREN UNDER 37% OF INCIDENTS INVOLVE CHILDREN UNDER THE AGE OF 6YRS.THE AGE OF 6YRS.
HOW DO THESE CHILDREN PERCEIVE THEIR HOW DO THESE CHILDREN PERCEIVE THEIR HOMELESS EXPERIENCEHOMELESS EXPERIENCE
REASON FOR HOMELESSNESSREASON FOR HOMELESSNESS
FINANCIAL FINANCIAL -- RECIDIVISMRECIDIVISM
DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE -- RECIDIVISMRECIDIVISM
TANF TANF -- TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY TEMPORARY ASSISTANCE FOR NEEDY FAMILIES FAMILIES
LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS BEING LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS BEING PRODUCEDPRODUCED
PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS
YOU CAN’T GO IT ALONEYOU CAN’T GO IT ALONE
NEED FOR A PATH TO STABLE HOUSING NEED FOR A PATH TO STABLE HOUSING PRODUCTION (IF UNITS ARE AVAILABLE)PRODUCTION (IF UNITS ARE AVAILABLE)
STRONG COOPERATION WITH DOMESTIC STRONG COOPERATION WITH DOMESTIC ASSUALT, MENTAL HEALTH, AND LAW ASSUALT, MENTAL HEALTH, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIESENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
KENT COUNTYKENT COUNTYHOMELESS STUDYHOMELESS STUDY
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITYMICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY
CENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRSCENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRS
FALL 2000FALL 2000
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