View
233
Download
1
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
KennedyKennedy
1960’s1960’sEconomy in recessionEconomy in recession
American military falling behind the SovietsAmerican military falling behind the Soviets
Alignment of Cuba with the SovietsAlignment of Cuba with the Soviets
Were we winning the Cold War??Were we winning the Cold War??
Election of 1960Election of 1960
First televised debate --- Sept. 26, 1960First televised debate --- Sept. 26, 1960KennedyKennedy v. v. NixonNixon
John KennedyJohn KennedyWell organized campaignWell organized campaignBacking from wealthy familyBacking from wealthy familyHandsome – CharismaticHandsome – Charismatic4343Roman CatholicRoman CatholicLooked / Spoke better than NixonLooked / Spoke better than Nixon
Kennedy and Civil RightsKennedy and Civil Rights Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia
Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr. --- --- arrestedarrested 33 Demonstrators33 Demonstrators Sitting at a segregated lunch counterSitting at a segregated lunch counter Sentenced to months of hard laborSentenced to months of hard labor
Kennedy phoned King’s wifeKennedy phoned King’s wife Robert Kennedy persuaded the judge to release King on bailRobert Kennedy persuaded the judge to release King on bail
Pending an appealPending an appeal
African American Community now backed Kennedy in African American Community now backed Kennedy in electionelection Helped carry key statesHelped carry key states
Kennedy MystiqueKennedy Mystique Referred to CamelotReferred to Camelot Everyone loved himEveryone loved him
““Ask not what your country can Ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do do for you – ask what you can do for your country”for your country”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1PbQlVMp98
Brought together “the best and Brought together “the best and the brightest”the brightest” Robert Kennedy Robert Kennedy
Attorney GeneralAttorney General 35 years old35 years old
Military PolicyMilitary Policy Focused on the Cold WarFocused on the Cold War Redefined the nation’s nuclear strategyRedefined the nation’s nuclear strategy
Flexible ResponseFlexible Response Increased defense spending in order to boost Increased defense spending in order to boost
conventional military forcesconventional military forces Non-nuclear forcesNon-nuclear forces
Troops, ships, artilleryTroops, ships, artillery Create an elite branch of army Create an elite branch of army
Special Forces (Green Berets)Special Forces (Green Berets)
Tripled the overall nuclear capabilities of the U.S.Tripled the overall nuclear capabilities of the U.S.
CubaCuba
January 3, 1961January 3, 1961 Eisenhower cut off diplomatic Eisenhower cut off diplomatic
relations with Cubarelations with Cuba
Fidel CastroFidel Castro Declared himself a communistDeclared himself a communist Welcomed aid from the SovietsWelcomed aid from the Soviets Gained power with a promise of Gained power with a promise of
democracydemocracy
Cont.Cont.
CastroCastro Seized 3 American and Seized 3 American and
British oil refineriesBritish oil refineries Congress erected trade Congress erected trade
barriers against Cuban sugarbarriers against Cuban sugar
10% of Cuba’s population 10% of Cuba’s population went into exilewent into exile FloridaFlorida
Bay of PigsBay of Pigs
March 1960March 1960 Eisenhower gave the CIA permission to secretly Eisenhower gave the CIA permission to secretly
train Cuban exiles for an invasion of Cubatrain Cuban exiles for an invasion of CubaOverthrow CastroOverthrow Castro
Kennedy learned of plan 9 days after Kennedy learned of plan 9 days after electionelection Had doubts --- but approved planHad doubts --- but approved plan
Cont.Cont.
April 17, 1961April 17, 1961 1,300 to 1,500 Cuban exiles l1,300 to 1,500 Cuban exiles landed at the Bay of Pigsanded at the Bay of Pigs Nothing went as plannedNothing went as planned
Air strike failed to knock out the Cuban air forceAir strike failed to knock out the Cuban air force
Faced 25,000 Cuban troopsFaced 25,000 Cuban troops Backed by Soviet tanks and jetsBacked by Soviet tanks and jets failedfailed
Secretary of State ---Secretary of State --- ““look like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies, look like fools to our friends, rascals to our enemies,
and incompetents to the rest”and incompetents to the rest”
Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis Nikita KhrushchevNikita Khrushchev
Promised to defend Cuba with Promised to defend Cuba with Soviet armsSoviet arms
19621962 Soviet weapons set up at CubaSoviet weapons set up at Cuba
Nuclear missilesNuclear missiles
October 14October 14 Photographs taken by U.S. Photographs taken by U.S.
planes planes Ready to launchReady to launch
Cont.Cont.
Kennedy warned that America would not tolerate Kennedy warned that America would not tolerate offensive nuclear weapons in Cubaoffensive nuclear weapons in Cuba ““Any missile attack from Cuba would trigger an all-out Any missile attack from Cuba would trigger an all-out
attack on the Soviets”attack on the Soviets”
6 days --- possibility of nuclear war6 days --- possibility of nuclear war Soviet ships headed towards CubaSoviet ships headed towards Cuba
U.S. prepared to U.S. prepared to QuarantineQuarantine Cuba Cuba 100,000 troops waited in Florida100,000 troops waited in Florida
Cont.Cont. Soviet ships suddenly stoppedSoviet ships suddenly stopped
Few days later Few days later Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles in return for an Khrushchev offered to remove the missiles in return for an
American pledge not to invade CubaAmerican pledge not to invade Cuba
U.S. also secretly agreed to remove missiles U.S. also secretly agreed to remove missiles from Turkeyfrom Turkey
““For a moment, the world had stood still”For a moment, the world had stood still” Robert KennedyRobert Kennedy
BerlinBerlin19611961
11 years since Berlin airlift11 years since Berlin airlift 3 million East Germans – 20% fled into West 3 million East Germans – 20% fled into West
BerlinBerlinWeakened East BerlinWeakened East Berlin
KhrushchevKhrushchev Wanted to close all the access roads to West Wanted to close all the access roads to West
Berlin because many people were leaving east Berlin because many people were leaving east Berlin.Berlin.
Kennedy refusedKennedy refused
Cont.Cont. KhrushchevKhrushchev
““I want peace. But, if you want war, that is your problem.”I want peace. But, if you want war, that is your problem.”
KennedyKennedy ““We cannot and will not permit the communists to drive us out We cannot and will not permit the communists to drive us out
of Berlin”of Berlin”
August 13, 1961August 13, 1961 East German troops began to unload concrete posts / barbed East German troops began to unload concrete posts / barbed
wirewire Within days the Within days the Berlin WallBerlin Wall was erected was erected
Ease TensionsEase Tensions
19631963Hot LineHot Line
Direct telephone line between the White House Direct telephone line between the White House and the Kremlinand the Kremlin
Communicate at onceCommunicate at once
Limited Test Ban TreatyLimited Test Ban TreatyBarred nuclear testing in the atmosphereBarred nuclear testing in the atmosphere
Recommended