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Kåre Lilleholt
Comparative Private Law
2012
A Common European Sales Law?
• Proposal for regulation: COM(2011) 635 final• An optional “2nd regime” for cross-border
contracts• Scope: sales of goods, supply of digital
content, related services• Relevance for comparative law
Contract law in Europe
• Varies from country to country• Private international law• Uniform law
– CISG– EU legislation, minimum harmonisation, total
harmonisation
• Model laws etc.: UNIDROIT Principles, PECL, DCFR
The process up to CESL
• The Commission’s Action Plan (2003)• CoPECL Network (2005)• Draft Common Frame of Reference (2009)
– Study Group on a European Civil Code– Acquis Group
• French texts on terminology and principles (2008)
• Feasibility Study (2011)• CESL (2011)
The DCFR
• Black letter rules• Comments• Comparative notes
Contents DCFR
• Book I General provisions• Book II Contracts and other juridical acts• Book III Obligations and corresponding rights• Book IV Specific contracts and the rights and
obligations arising from them• Book V Benevolent intervention in another’s
affairs
Contents DCFR (ctd.)
• Book VI Non-contractual liability arising out of damage caused to another
• Book VII Unjustified enrichment• Book VIII Acquisition and loss of ownership in
movables• Book IX Proprietary security rights in
movable assets• Book X Trusts
EU legislation on contracts
• Primarily on consumer contracts• Most recent: Consumer Rights Directive
(2011/83)– deadline 13 December 2012– contracts concluded after 13 June 2014
CESL – a second regime
Norwegian lawGerman law
French law
Existing law
Existing law
Existing lawCESL
CESL
CESL
Application of CESL
• Chosen by the parties• Cross-border contract (unless otherwise
decided)• At least one party in a Member State• Contract for the sale of goods, for the supply
of digital content, related services• Trader and consumer or SMB (unless
otherwise decided)
Recourse to other law?
• Autonomous interpretation• Issues with the scope of CESL must be
settled without recourse to national law
Content of CESL
• Making a binding contract• Interpretation• Obligations and remedies• Damages and interest• Restitution• Prescription
Consclusion of contract
• Definition of contract• Offer and acceptance• Right to withdraw• Defects in consent
Voidability due to mistake
• Article 48• Inaccuracy in communication
Interpretation
• Common intention• Particular meaning known to the other party• Meaning that a reasonable person would
give to it• Relevant matters
– circumstances– practices– good faith and fair dealing
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