K. Floettmann30 th Nov. 2009 XFEL Injector matching The present XFEL injector foresees operation of...

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector matching

The present XFEL injector foresees operation of the first four cavities of the first module to operate at > 12MV/m

Can we also operate at a higher gradient?

Yes, but….

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Classical Brillouin flow

Cancellation of the linear defoucusing space charge by a solenoid field requires:

2

2 4z

rmse rms

eB Px

m c x

P = generalized perveance

0 3 3

30 0

2

4

A

eA

IP

I

m cI

e

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Classical Brillouin flow

The beam size stays constant if the contribution of the emittance can be ignored and if

eq erms

z

m cx P

eB

is fulfilled.

Small mismatches lead to an oscillatory solution.

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Generalized Brillouin flow

2 3 20

02 A

rms

C Ix x x x

I x

Envelope equation for a beam in an acceleration section (ignoring emittance contribution):

for a cavity, on crest, linear energy gain:

2

8C

0 z

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Generalized Brillouin flow

2 2 2

2 2 2 2 20 0 0,

30

4 2 8 2rms rms rms rmsArms

Ix x x x

I x

Cancellation of space charge and focusing term requires:

2 2 00,rms rmsx x

2

2

2

3

4

rms rms

rms rms

x x

x x

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Generalized Brillouin flow

It follows:0, 0 0

2

3 Arms

I

x I

0, 0,02

rms rmsx x

What happens in case of small mismatches?

2 3 20

02 A

rms

C Ix x x x

I x

Damped oscillator?

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Generalized Brillouin flow

Invariant envelope (solid) and envelope with mismatch of initial angle (± 50%).

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Generalized Brillouin flow

The solution describes not a static equilibrium but a dynamic equilibrium. Direct comparison of space charge and focusing force reveal that the focusing force would need to be a factor sqrt(3) larger for a static compensation.

The space charge field works against the incoming beam divergence.

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

A simple Model for emittance compensation

Development of the beam size in a drift with space charge. Beam parameters: , ,Dashed line = analytic approximation

10 710n 6(10, 5,1, 0) 10P

2

30

4rms

rmsrms rms

Px

x x

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

A simple Model for emittance compensation

Slice size development of the high perveance slice (solid line) and the low perveance slice (broken line) after a focusing kick from a numerical integration of the envelope equation.

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

A simple Model for emittance compensation

Slice size development of the high perveance slice (solid line) and the low perveance slice (broken line) after a focusing kick from a numerical integration of the envelope equation.

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

A simple Model for emittance compensation

x

x’

xh, rmsxl, rms

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

A simple Model for emittance compensation

Development of the beam emittance as calculated from the high perveance and low perveance slices. The broken line ignores the slice emittance, i.e. the slices are treated as lines.

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

A simple Model for emittance compensation

Emittance (solid line) and slice size (broken lines) in an accelerating section with

41

Emittance (solid line) and slice size (broken lines) in an accelerating section with:

82

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Cross over trajectories

x

px

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Cross over trajectories

Slice size development for the high perveance slice (solid line) and a slice without space charge (broken line).

Development of the slopes of the phase space ellipses for the high perveance slice (solid line) and a slice without space charge (broken line).

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Cross over trajectories

Development of the weighted emittance as calculated from the high perveance slice and the slice without space charge.

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

Cross over trajectories

x x

x’ x’

Phase space ellipses at the first (left) and second (right) coincidence of the correlation axis.

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector with 20MV/m in the Module

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector with 20MV/m in the Module

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector with 20MV/m in the Module

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector with 20MV/m in the Module

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector with 20MV/m in the Module

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector with 20MV/m in the Module

K. Floettmann 30th Nov. 2009

XFEL Injector with 20MV/m in the Module

1.0

0.75