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British Imperialism on India
Juliana VassalloMr. TracyMWH3
Overview
Click for table of contents
Britain had been trading with India for centuries
Officially under British rule in 1858 “Jewel of the Crown”
Queen Victoria wanted India for its benefits Claimed herself Empress of India in
1877 India given independence on Aug
15, 1947
THE JOURNEY
Core 1 Motives for
Imperialism Economic Ideological
Methods of Imperialism British East India Co
mpany Ways of Control
Core 2 Impact of Imperialism
Gaining Independence
Primary Source Outcome of
Imperialism India Today
Politically Economically Gapminder Charts
<<Click any hyperlinked words>>
Natural resources
Tea, salt, cotton cloth
Size and location of India
Fueled development of democratic institutions, education, and economic infrastructure
Economic
Indian interests subjugated by Britain
under racial sentiments Term named after Charles Darwin
British naturalist and geologist Contributed to evolution theory
Survival of the fittest British right to overtake India
Power belongs to the white man
Social Darwinism
<<Click for Methods of Imperialism
Founded in 1600
Started by Queen Elizabeth I 1750s-waged war extended from
Ganges valley to Delhi Established military dominance 50 years subdued remaining Indian
states Conquered or forced rulers to
become subordinate allies Ended in 1858
British East India Company
Ways of Control
Indirect
Exercise of determinative and exclusive political control by B.E.I.C
Most governance of regions by traditional Indian rulers
Allowed European administrators to efficiently supervise management of large amount of people
Direct
Taxes Legal codes and
new court system Outlawed Hindu
rituals Banned public
meetings Military force and
dominance
Relationship started with the BEIC Would offer Britain many valuable
resource Show that white men have the
power Put restriction on Indian lifestyles
Conclusion for Methods and Motives
1858-India comes under direct rule of the British
crown after failed India mutiny 1885-Indian National Congress founded as forum
for emerging nationalist feeling 1920-22-Nationalist figurehead Mahatma Gandhi
launches anti-British civil disobedience campaign 1942-43- Congress launches “Quit India”
movement 1947-End of British rule and partition of
subcontinent into mainly Hindu India and Muslim-majority state of Pakistan
Gaining Independence
<<Click any hyperlinked years>>
Established in 1858—ending
century long control by East India Company
Indian Mutiny 2 years of life and death struggle Cost Britain £ 36 million Marked nature of political, social
and economic rule Social segregation lasting until
the end of Raj
The Beginning of the Raj
Formed in 1885 All India, secular political party Regarded as key turning point in
formalizing opposition to the Raj Developed from elite intellectual
middle-class confines, and a moderate, loyalist agenda
Often dominated by factionalism and opposing political strategies Non-violence vs. violence
Remarkable in achieving broad consensus over the decades
Indian National Congress
Gandhi & Civil Disobedience (1869-1948)
Mahatma Gandhi Leader of Indian nationalism in
British-ruled India Jailed for conspiracy (1922-24) 1930- Salt March 1946- Negotiated with Cabinet
Mission which recommended new constitutional structure.
Tried to stop the Hindu-Muslim conflict in Bengal Policy led to his assassination in Delhi
by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic Heavily influenced
Jawaharlal Nehru
Civil Disobedience Policy practiced by
Gandhi Active, professed refusal
to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power
Gandhi still wanted it after Amritsar Massacre
<<Click for Boycotts of British Goods
<<Click hyperlinked words for more info on certain topics>>
This video is about Gandhi’s non-violence speech in 1925. Gandhi
describes the new requirements of the British government. He also expresses that even when the
British try to hurt him, he will not fight back violently or kill anyone.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEEZsocrm0A
Mahatma Gandhi Non-violence Speech
Go back
Indian nationalist leader and statesman First prime minister of independent
India (1947) Joined Indian National Congress in 1919 1920s & 1930s Nehru was repeatedly
imprisoned for civil disobedience 1928-Elected president of Congress WWII- Recognized as Gandhi's successor Played central role in negotiations over
independence Opposed Muslim League's insistence on
division of India based on religion
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
Returns to Gandhi & Non-violence
Nehru (left) with Gandhi (right)
April 13, 1919 A peaceful crowd entered the
heart of the city of Amritsar British commander banned
public meetings He ordered his men to open
dire (killing 379 injuring 1,100) Responsible for Gandhi’s rise
to fame Increased racial tensions
Amritsar Massacre
Boycotts of British Goods
July 5, 1920 Called for the boycotts
(no purchasing) of British goods
Gandhi wanted the Indians to wear only cotton grown and woven in India People wouldn't have
to purchase through the British
WWII & Pakistan
April 2, 1939 War slowed efforts Many angered by this
and rebelled Portion of Indians
supported and fought with Britain in the war
Dec 15, 1932 Muslim League led by
Muhammad Ali Jinnah Wanted separate state for
Muslims Would call their new state
"Pakistan“ May 5, 1947
Riots broke out between the Muslims and Hindus
Convinced Britain to split up India into two parts (India and Pakistan)
India receives independence on Aug 15, 1947
Click for Primary Source
British Government Statement: Policy In India, 1946
Government Statement This primary source is a
policy written by Cabinet Mission and his Excellency the Viceroy.
This statement from the British government
describes the process of allowing the Indian people to choose whether or not to remain with the powerful empire.
Federal Republic
Form of government made up of a federal state with a constitution and self-governing subunits
President: Pranab Mukherjee
Vice President: Mohammad Hamid Ansari
Political
Click for Economy
Developing into open-market economy Agricultural Products
Rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, tea, sugarcane, lentils, onions, potatoes, etc.
Industries Textiles, chemicals, food processing,
steel, transportation, machinery, software, pharmaceuticals
Has largest amount of poor people However economy is growing rapidly
Estimated population= 1.27 B (2013)
Economy
Gapminder Charts
This graph shows income/ person ($3,147) in India in 2011. Also the population total from the 1800s to 2012 which was around 1.24 B.
Graph 2 shows the percentage of people who make below $2 a day which in 2010 was 69%. Also the percentage of exports (% of GDP) in 2010 which was 23%.
Under British rule for about 89 years Many died in efforts towards
independence Gained independence Aug 15, 1947 Now a Federal Republic Economy growing rapidly One of largest populations British manifestation powered
development of democratic institutions, education, and economic infrastructure
Conclusion for Impact and Outcomes
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