Journals and Magazines and Books, Oh My! A Look at ACS' Use of NLM Tagsets

American Chemical Society

Journals and Magazines and Books, Oh My!

A Look at ACS' Use of NLM TagsetsDan O'Brien, ACS Publications

Presented at JATS-Con, 1-Nov-2010

American Chemical Society 2

What We'll Cover

•Intro

– ACS, Products, Processes

– Framework & terminology for discussing customizations

•ACS Pubs' Use of NLM Tagsets

– Overall Approach

– Journals

– Books

– Magazine

• Successes & Lessons Learned

3 American Chemical Society

Character Introductions

• ACS & ACS Pubs

• Journals• Books• Magazine

• Processes• Terminology

Introductions: ACS

•Professional membership organization

– Chartered by U.S. Congress in 1876

– Non-profit

– Over 160,000 members

•ACS Publications Division ("ACS Pubs")

– Journals

– Magazine

– Books

– On a quest

Introductions: ACS Journals

•40 peer-reviewed titles

•300,000 annual published pages

•~50% volume published weekly

•Among highest ISI impact factors

•"King" of publishing forest

Introductions: Books

•Symposium Series

•Around 30 titles published annually

•Around 25 chapters per book

•Hard covers, rigid content format

Introductions: C&EN Magazine

•Chemical & Engineering News

•Weekly Print & Web issues

•Daily Online News

•"BusinessWeek" for chemists

•Flexible format, loose content definitions

•More than meets the eye

Introductions, cont.

•Pressure for product innovation: Wicked Which of the West

•NLM Tagsets – has the answers: Wizard of Oz

Introductions: Processes

•Journals & Books:

– Standard scholarly publishing model

– XML-first article/chapter based production

• Automated Pre-Editing (Inera AutoRedact)

• Technical Editing

• Automated Post-Editing & Validations

– Article ASAP publication (Journals)

– Issue/Book publication (Journals & Books)

•Magazine:

– Staff writers vs. authors

– Feature articles, Thematic issues

– Story Online News? Issue?

– Edit-to-Fit

Introductions: Journal Process

Introductions: Books Process

Introductions: Magazine Process

Terminology

•Tag – a bit of XML markup: an element, attribute, etc.

•Tag Definition – the coding (in DTD or XSD syntax) that declares the tag name and what its allowed to do.

•Module – a way of logically organizing tag definitions, allowing reuse for multiple schemas.

•Tagset – a collection of related tag definitions forming a complete vocabulary, usually stored within a set of interrelated modules

•Schema – an application of a tagset to form a specific content model

Terminology

Module Module Module Module

Module Module

ModuleSchema (DTD, XSD, etc.)

Tagset

Tag definition dependencies

Schema (DTD, XSD, etc.)

Module

Tag definition A

Tag definition B

Tag definition C

Tag definition D

Terminology – "Customization Levels"

Tagset is used "As-Is" without customizations

Tagset not directly used; just "informs" your approach

As-Is Extended Reduced Customized Built From Informed By

Public version is used without changes or modification

Superset of public tagset is used

Subset of the public schema is used

Combo of Extensions + Reductions

Substantial changes: renamed tags, altered tag hierarchies, etc.

Only the design philosophy of public tagset is used

XML is compatible

Public Custom

XML not compatible?

XML not compatible!

Terminology – "Customization Implementation Methods"

Overrides, leaving original public tag definitions versions intact

Modified original public tag definitions

Overrides Mixed Modified

Module

ModuleCustom Schema (DTD,

XSD, etc.)

Tagset

Public Schema (DTD, XSD, etc.)

Module

Tag definition A

Tag definition B

Tag definition C

Tag definition D

Overrides Mixed Modified

Module

Custom Schema (DTD, XSD, etc.)

Tagset

Public Schema (DTD, XSD, etc.)

Module

Tag definition A

Tag definition B

Tag definition C

Tag definition D

Terminology – "Customization Profile"

Customization Levels

Customization Implementation Methods

Overrides Mixed Modifications

Extended

Reduced

Customized

Built from

Informed by

The Journey: ACS Pubs' Use of NLM Tagsets

ACS Pubs' Use of NLM Tagsets – Overview & Approach

•Leverage a public schema, or develop one from scratch?

•If use a public schema, would customization be needed? (i.e., where on the "Customization Levels” spectrum?)

– Product drivers !!

– Process drivers !!

– ACS Terminology !?

•If customization would be needed:

– How much customization was needed? (scoping)

– What customizations are needed? (details)

– How to implement the customizations? (i.e., where on the "Implementation Methods" spectrum?)

ACS Journals' Use of NLM Tagsets

• Production vs. Delivery• What we use and why • Customization Profile • Highlights of Customizations

ACS Journal Production: What we use

•Custom-built DTD based loosely on NLM Journal Archiving & Interchange v2.2

•~2005, as NLM tagset was beginning to increase in prominence for STM publishing

•Pre-2010: Monolithic tagset & schema used for editing, page composition, interchange with web delivery and 3rd parties

•Late 2010: New version of tagset supporting multiple schema flavors:

– "X" – External & Delivery Interchange

– "P" – Internal Production

– "L" – Page Layout

Core tagset modulesExternal/Interchange

ACS Journal v1.03 DTDs ACS Journal v1.03 Tagset

Production-specific tagset features extend core modules

Core tagset modulesExternal/Interchange

Production DTD

Overrides of tag definitions

Production-specific tagset features extend core modules

Core tagset modules

Page layout specific tagset features extend production-specific modules

External/Interchange DTD

Production DTD

Layout DTD

Overrides of tag definitions

ACS Journal Production: Why

•No public tagset met the minimum requirements for

– ACS Journal Product – without undesirable product limitations

– ACS Journal Process – without increasing costs

– Allowing ACS Pubs Terminology

• Without significant staff training & documentation updates

• Without risking rejection

•NLM's Journal tagset came closest

– Could have used massive extensions?

– ACS Pubs Terminology pushed us into "Built From"

ACS Journal Production: Customization Profile

Extended

Reduced

Customized

Built fromACS Journal Production

Informed by

ACS Journal Production: Customizations – Terminology

NLM ACS

<abstract> with @abstract-type <abstract>

<graphic> with @content-type <abstract-graphic>

<toc-graphic>

<title-page-graphic>

<bio-pic>

ACS Journal Production: Customizations – Process

NLM ACS

<front>

<journal-meta>

<article-meta>

<body>

<back>

<journal-meta>

<document-meta>

<processing-meta>

<body>

<back>

<sub-article>, <response> <sec> beefed up to act as quasi "sub-article"

ACS Journal Production: Customizations – Product

NLM ACS

<nlm-citation> (v2.3),<element-citation> (v3.0)

<acs-titles>, <acs-no-titles>, <acs-biochem>

n/a <chemical-name>, <chemical-process>, <caution>

<live-change> and related tags

<tie-bar-start/>, <tie-bar-end/>

ACS Journal Production: Customizations – Product, cont.

NLM ACS

n/a MathML 2 extensions:

<ACS:marker>

<object-group>

(now available in MathML 3)

n/a CALS Table extensions

@row-type = list of types to receive special handling

@indent-left = amount + unit

@indent-left-style = {"full", "first-line", "hanging"}

@spacing-before, @spacing-after

ACS Journal Delivery: What we use

• Online delivery system: based on Literatum from Atypon

• Literatum speaks "NLM Journal Archive & Interchange"

• Common base tagset ≠ XML content compatibility

– Differing schemas

– Differing tagging expectations

...see Figure <xref rid="xfca3"/>.

...see Figure <xref rid="xfca3">4</xref>.

ACS Journal Delivery: What we use

• Two-part content interface

1. Production system: "ACS-Delivery-Prep" (export )

2. Delivery system: "ACS2NLM" lexer ( import)

Both advantages & disadvantages

+ Insulates Production developers from Delivery intricacies

+ Delivery system tagging can evolve without Production

- Occasional failure point

- New products, production tagging changes = ACS2NLM lexer changes

ACS Journal Delivery: Customization Profile

ExtendedACS Journal

Delivery System

Reduced

Customized

Informed by

ACS Books' Use of NLM Tagsets

• What we use and why • Customization Profile • Highlights of Customizations

ACS Books: What we use and why - Drivers

•Delivery System: Leverage our new Literatum-based delivery platform.

•Composition: Leverage Arbortext Publishing Engine for highly-automated XML-based page composition.

•Like Journals: Don't re-invent the XML wheel.

•Unlike Journals: Books had unique product characteristics of their own; different type of wheel.

•Book + Chapter production:

– Individual Chapter level: production editing and some composition

– Whole Book level: final book composition, indexing

– Delivery: combination of both book and chapter XML & PDF deliverables.

ACS Books: What we use and why - Answers

•Delivery System:

– Literatum already supported an Extended version of NLM Book v2.3

– Production & Delivery could share a common tagset!

•Composition: Extended NLM Book v2.3 fit the bill

•Like Journals:

– Extended NLM Book v2.3 had CALS table model

– Many elements & structures were similar to ACS Journal tagset, easing adoption

•Unlike Journals: Extended NLM Book v2.3 addressed almost all book-specific metadata & processing needs

•Book + Chapter production: gap! Solution: Xinclude

– Allows "link book to chapter" instead of "copy chapter into book"

ACS Books: Customization Profile

ExtendedACS Journal & Book Delivery

System

Reduced

CustomizedACS Book Production

Informed by

ACS Books: Customization Highlights

•Addition of XInclude

– Allows a chapter XML to be processed both as stand-alone document AND within context of entire book

•Use of OASIS Table Model

(instead of default XHTML Table model)

•Addition of DocBook <index> Model

•Addition of <book-series-meta> section

(similar to <journal-meta>)

ACS Books: Customization Highlights - XInclude

Book XML

<book> <book-series-meta>… <book-meta>… <body> <book-part>… <book-part>… <book-part>…

Book DTD

Chapter XMLs

Book XML

Book DTD

<book-part>…

ACS C&EN Magazine's Use of NLM Tagsets

• What we use and why • Customization Profile • Highlights of Customizations

ACS Magazine: What we use and why

•What: A customized version of the ACS Journal Tagset

– (Which was "informed by" NLM Journal Tagset)

•Drivers:

– Ability to archive a "content of record" that is format independent

– Ability to serve as technology-neutral "content interchange format"

• Automated web delivery

• External content syndication

•Other contenders: DITA for Publications, DocBook, EPUB, PRISM, NewsML,

ACS Magazine: Customization Profile

ExtendedACS Journal & Book Delivery

System

Reduced

CustomizedACS Book Production

Built fromACS C&EN Magazine

ACS Journal Production

Informed by

ACS Magazine: Customization Highlights

•Amorphous, modular content structures: XInclude

– Same content produced as

• Single article in print

• Several distinct pages online

– Web-only articles & article components

– Blur between articles & subarticles

– Graphics, tables, media have separate production lifecycles, joined later

•Non-contiguous Pagination

•Ads

•Flexible, recursive categorization model

– Print/web name, internal code, source/type

• "CO2 Sequestration" vs. "Carbon Dioxide Sequestration"

– RSS feeds

– Alternate topic-oriented TOCs

•Special content constructs

– Dek

– Eyebrow

– Pull quotes

ACS Pubs' Use of NLM Tagsets – Summary

Tagset Lineage & Content Interchange Map

Successes & Lessons Learned

• Tagging & Technology• People

Successes & Lessons - Technical

1. Monolithic vs. specialized schemas

2. Use of XInclude for Books & Magazine

Successes & Lessons - Technical

3. ACS Pubs' hosted "Validations service"

• Internal staff

• Internal systems

• External vendors

4. Use of XML for ACS Mobile

Successes & Lessons - People

1. Busting the NLM DTD "compatibility" myth

2. "XML as a product" mentality

Successes & Lessons - People

3. Specifying XML requirements via "Three-legged stool" or package:

a) XML DTD/Schema

b) Documentation: Tagging Conventions & Rendering Expectations

c) XML Samples

Journals and Magazines and Books, Oh My! A Look at ACS' Use of NLM Tagsets

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