JICA’s Cooperation in Education Sector: with focus on experience on community participation Sei...

JICA’s Cooperation in Education Sector:with focus on experience on community participation

Sei KONDORepresentative, India Office

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

Asia-Pacific Regional Conference of the Community of Democracies“Education for Democracy: Learning together”

New Delhi, 18 January 2013

Today’s presentation

Intro

General view of Education sector in JICA’s cooperation

Case: Niger “School for all” project: contributing creation of democratic environment

* A part of grant assistances is provided by MOFA (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan)

bilateral assistance

bilateral assistance

international authorityinternational authority

GrantGrant

Yen loansYen loansODAODA

multilateral assistance

multilateral assistance

Grant Aid*Grant Aid*

JICATechnical Cooperation

Technical Cooperation

3

What’s “JICA” ? the World’s Largest Bilateral Donor Agency India: one of the most important partner country

Education sector and JICA

Priority: Basic/ higher education

TC & Grant Aid

US$ 350mn/year

MDG, EFA, TICAD process, etc…

Japanese experience on modernization/ democratization

4

Education sector policy of JICA

Objectives : Education as a basic human right Contribution to social and economic development Promotion of mutual understanding for a symbiotic

multicultural society

Education as a core foundation of democratic society building

5

Improvement of Quality

Improvement of Access

Improvement of Education management

・ Teacher training and education ・ Math and Science education ・ Learner-centered education ・ Teacher’s Guidebook

・ School construction・ School mapping・ Girl’s education・ Non-formal education

・ Improvement of school management ・ Capacity development of educational administration

JICA’s strategy: Issues & Focus

6

Experience of Niger ‘School for all’ projectEducational Development Through Community Participation:

“The Community Changes the School!”

7

General context of Niger

Sahel region confronted with serious natural handicaps: arid climate, drought, lack of natural resources and no access to the sea

A low level of HDI: consistently ranked amongst the bottom five in the world

Lacks the resources to support social sectors, notably education

8

Low level of principal education indicators

Gross intake ratio in 1st grade 51%; gross school enrollment ratio 45%; school completion rate 25%

Inequality: Boys / Girls; Urban / RuralTOTAL Boys Girls

GIR Total 51.1 59.5 42.5

Urban 87.1 90.2 83.8

Rural 44.3 53.6 35.0

GER Total 45.4 54.2 36.5

Urban 52.7 55.8 49.5

Rural 42.6 53.4 31.7

Educational Situation:

(2002/2003) 9

Conventional Environment around school:STU-

DENT

TEACH-ER

PARENTSCOMMUN

ITY

PARENT’S ASSOCIA-

TION

VILLAGE

SCHOOL

SCHOOL IN THE VILLAGE

10

PARENTSCOMMUN

ITY

COGES

SCHOOL

School environment after the establishment of School Management Committee (COGES)

VILLAGE

STU-DENT

TEACH-ER

SCHOOL OF THE VILLAGE

11COGES: Comité de gestion des établissments scolaires

School Management Committee(COGES)

Decentralized school management (SBM)

COGES

Parents (3)Mothers (1)

Director (1)Teacher (1)

Student (1)

ParentsCommunity

Community participation

Gov. Teachers

Students

12

Strategies for functional COGES:“Minimum package”

Democratic election of Parents rep. for COGES members

Formulation, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of School Action Plan

Monitoring of COGES activities by local education administrators & Communal Federations of COGES

Functional COGES

Key Components:

Democratic election: The basis of community participation

Strategies for functional COGES:“Minimum package”

Democratic election of Parents rep. for COGES members

Formulation, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of School Action Plan

Monitoring of COGES activities by local education administrators & Communal Federations of COGES

Functional COGES

Key Components:

Examples of “School Action Plan” Activities

Promotion of education

Infrastructure and furniture

Evening Group Tuition

Hygiene and health School Security

Environment Practical and productive activities

Examples of “School Action Plan” Activities

Strategies for functional COGES:“Minimum package”

Democratic election of Parents rep. for COGES members

Formulation, implementation, monitoring & evaluation of School Action Plan

Monitoring of COGES activities by local education administrators & Communal Federations of COGES

Functional COGES

Key Components:

How does the community participate?

The process of School Action Plan

MONI-TORING

1. Problem identification and search for realistic solutions at the General Assembly of the village

2. Formulation of a School Action Pan

4. Execution

3. Ratification of School Action Plan at the General Assembly

5. Annual assessment of results at the General Assembly

Effective Monitoring & Larger, tangible impact: Forum strategy

16

Communal Federation of COGES (FCC)

COGES

FORUM

Regional assembly of Communal Federation of COGES (FCC)

General Assemblies of COGES

General Assembliesof FCCs

Collective resolution on a selected theme

(girl’s education)

AWARENESS RAISING FOR

GIRL’S EDUCATION

AT THE COMMUNITY

LEVEL

TANGIBLE OUTCOME

IMPROVEMENT IN GIRLS

ENROLEMENT RATE

Impact

23(2004) → 14,000(2007)

214,125/400499 ≒ 53% (2004-2007)

(2002/3 – 2008/2009)51% → 91% Intake 45% → 68% Enrolment 30% → 50% Completion

Region-wide expansion 21

22

Implication

Community can be most important (but dormant) resources

Communities can take the very leading actors, provided that they are formed into functional organizations

Functional community participation approach contributes strengthening democratic society

23

Region-wide expansion of ’School for All’ program

For further queries, please contactkondo.sei@jica.go.jp

Thank you!शु�क्री�या�

25

Success Factor

Alignment of National Education Policy

Development of realistic and “Functional” model which can create environment for collaborative work with local community/ school/ (local) government

Full utilisation of local resources: Sustainable model

Effective mainstreaming/ expansion strategy

26

Way forward / Discussion

Coordination amongst many actors

Existence of Proper C/P is key

Versatility: non-LLDC country?

Evolution of the number of functional COGES

2004Pilot schools

23

2004Target schools of the EPT

329

2005All schools in the Tahua

region

2006All schools in the Zinder

region1 500

2007 All schools in

Niger13 000

Minimum PackageThree key components

Applied to other schools

Applied to other schools

Applied to other schools

Generalization of functional COGES

Evolution of indicators: Universal Primary School Enrollment (SPU): 2001 to 2010

Generalization of functional COGES

98.6%

40%

72.9%

37%

Gross intake ratio in 1st grade

Gross school enrollment ratio

School completion ratio

Example of the Forum outcomes:Improvement of girl’s education

Forum 4-

5/2009

0.670 0.678

0.818

0.742

0.883

0.825 0.860

0.892 0.868

1.001

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

State of Gender Partiy：Results of Girl's Education campaign

Tillaberi

Maradi

Before Forum

Gender Parity

Forum 4-5/2009

After F

orum

Example of the Forum outcomes: Improvement of exam results

+ 7.4+ 8.3

+ 9.4+ 10.5

+ 13.9 + 14.2

+ 0.0

+ 5.0

+ 10.0

+ 15.0

Session 2004

Session 2005

Session 2006

Session 2007

Session 2008

Session 2009

%

Exam Results in the Zinder region

After F

orum

Before Forum

Forum jan 2008

National Average

JICA’s Cooperation Strategy for India

““Faster Growth”Faster Growth”

India’s Development India’s Development StrategyStrategy JICA’s Cooperation Strategy for IndiaJICA’s Cooperation Strategy for India

Conservation and Conservation and Improvement of Improvement of Urban EnvironmentUrban Environment

““Inclusive Growth”Inclusive Growth”

Improvement of Improvement of Transportation Transportation NetworksNetworks

Stable Energy Stable Energy SupplySupply

Employment Employment GenerationGeneration

Income Generation Income Generation in Rural in Rural AreasAreas

Improvement of Improvement of Basic Social ServicesBasic Social Services

Environmental Environmental ConservationConservation

Global Environmental Issues

- Improvement of Energy Supply Capacity, Energy Saving and Energy Sufficiency

- Strengthening Major Transport Networks （ Railways/Roads/Airports/Ports ）- City Transport System （ Metro/Outer Ring Roads)

- Private Sector Assistance

- Employment Generation in Rural Area- Enhancement of Agricultural Productivity- Improvement of Rural Environment & Infrastructure

- Improvement of Basic Social Services (Health and Sanitation)

- Pollution Prevention and Management (except Anti-Water Pollution Measures)- Water Quality and Water Resources Management

- Forestation and Forest Preservation

EmploymentEmploymentGenerationGeneration

2

47%

21%

20%

7% 5% Transport, UrbanInfrastructure

Water Supply,Sanitation

Energy

Forestry,Environment

Agriculture,Irrigation

ODA Loan

Grant Aid TechnicalCooperation Citizen Participation

Operational results in FY2009: JPY 1,900 million (INR 95 cr.)No. of on-going projects: 21Sector: Visionary leaders for manufacturing, Sustainable development of expressways, Water supply system, Reproductive health, etc.

Operational results in FY2009: JPY 400 million (INR 20 cr.)No. of on-going projects: 1Sector: Educational media production facilities for IGNOU, Medical equipment for several hospitals, etc.

Volunteers; 11 volunteers Japanese language, Judo, Health educator, etc.

NGO activities: 8 projects Farmers’ education, Gender improvement among women, Rural nutrition, etc.

Operational results in FY2009: Commitment: JPY 218.2 billion (INR 10,910 cr.) Disbursement: JPY 129.1 billion (INR 6.455 cr.)No. of on-going projects: 63Sector: Transport and urban infrastructure have been the major sectors in recent years　　　

India is JICA’s largest partner

3

India is JICA’s largest partner(JPY billion)

FY ODA Loan Grant AidTechnical

CooperationTOTAL

2003 125.0 1.7 2.0 128.7

2004 134.5 3.0 2.4 139.9

2005 155.5 2.1 1.8 159.4

2006 184.9 0.6 1.3 186.8

2007 225.1 0.4 1.2 226.7

2008 236.0 0.2 1.2 237.4 　

2009 218.2 1.2 1.9 220.5 　

2010 48.0 0.2 1.7 49.9

4

Collaboration with newly established IIT Hyderabad (IITH)

*MOFA: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, MEXT: Ministry of Educational and Training, MIC: Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication

IITH Consortium in JapanIITH Consortium in JapanIITH Consortium in JapanIITH Consortium in Japan

1.1. Entire Consortium Structure: All-Japan basis cooperation Entire Consortium Structure: All-Japan basis cooperation

Private sectorsPrivate sectorsIITHGovernmentGovernment

2. ODA Schemes for collaboration2. ODA Schemes for collaboration

・ Japanese ODA Loan -Development of campus** -Procurement of equipment

・ Technical cooperation　・ Visit of experts, visit by Indian faculty members

・ SATREPS* (5 area of research activities) (Technical Cooperation)

Applicable ODA scheme

Vision of IITH

R&D

*SATREPS: Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development

Infrastructure(permanent campus)

(Equipment/ Machinary)

HRD (Education)

Nanotechnology & Nano science

Digital Communication

Environment & Energy

Design & Manufacturing

Civil & Urban Engineering

3. R&D: Five academic area of cooperation3. R&D: Five academic area of cooperation

Advisory Advisory committee of JICAcommittee of JICA

Advisory Advisory committee of JICAcommittee of JICA

Combination of and coordination among ODA schemes for effective and efficient cooperation

AcademiaAcademia

MOFA*

MEXT*

MIC*

**Proposed building to be supported by Japanese ODA loan: Guest House, Students Activity Centre, Central Library, Auditorium, Convention Centre, Business Incubator/Science Technology Park

Proposed six building to be supported : Guest House, Students Activity Centre, Central Library, Auditorium, Convention Centre, Business Incubator/Science Technology Park

Technical Cooperation for Campus design by ODA with support from architects from academics and consultants

Loan Appraisal for Campus development are expected in later half of FY2011

4. Japanese ODA Loan4. Japanese ODA Loan

Source: Salient project report by IITH

Photo from project under implementation: “DISANET” project (Information Network for Natural Disaster Mitigation and Recovery)

10

II. JICA’s Profile in Basic EducationII. JICA’s Profile in Basic Education(1) Issues Facing Basic Education Sector(1) Issues Facing Basic Education Sector

Improvement of enrolment in primary and lower-Improvement of enrolment in primary and lower-secondary educationsecondary educationIssue 1

Expansion of Non-Formal EducationExpansion of Non-Formal EducationIssue 4

Issue 3 Reducing gender disparityReducing gender disparity

Issue 5 Improving Education ManagementImproving Education Management

Issue 2 Improving the quality of primary and lower-secondary Improving the quality of primary and lower-secondary educationeducation

I. JICA’s policiesI. JICA’s policiesPosition Paper on Education Sector 2010Position Paper on Education Sector 2010

“JICA’s Operation in Education Sector – Present and Future”“JICA’s Operation in Education Sector – Present and Future” Objectives (Why):

1. Education as a basic human right

2. Contribution to social and economic development

3. Promotion of mutual understanding for a symbiotic multicultural society

Priorities (What):Basic education (teacher training, school management, construction of school

facilities, capacity development of administrators) and higher education

Guiding principles (How):1. Supporting policy-making reflecting on-the-ground knowledge

2. Longer-term engagement in alignment with partner countries' development plans

3. Promotion of network-type cooperation and exchange

4. Results-oriented project design, implementation, and evaluation

Indonesia

Myanmar

BangladeshHonduras

Kenya

Zambia

Niger

Mongolia

TanzaniaAfrica

Cooperation based on SMASE

Asia & Middle EastVarious cooperation

for each needs

（（ Jan. 2013, on-going onlyJan. 2013, on-going only ））

RwandaBurkina Faso

Senegal

Pakistan Laos

Angola

Ghana

Sudan

Nigeria

Bolivia

Central & South AmericaCooperation

based on PROMETAM

Nicaragua Uganda

Malawi

Afghanistan

Cambodia

Guatemala

(3) Regional trends: Math and Science Education(3) Regional trends: Math and Science Education

Cambodia

（ （ Jan. 2013, on-going onlyJan. 2013, on-going only ））

Afghanistan

AfricaCooperation based

on“School for ALL”

Nepal

Asia ・ Middle EastVarious cooperation

for each needs

Pakistan

Ethiopia

Burkina Faso

Mali

Senegal

Niger

(3) Regional trends: Education Management(3) Regional trends: Education Management

Laos