Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 24 · 3rd–IO Verbs: Active Voice •the rules for forming:...

Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 24

1. Lesson 24 Vocabulary2. 3rd Conjugation –IO Verbs

3. Ablative of Separation

Lesson 24 Vocabulary

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus

to take, capture

accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus

to receive, welcome

(ad + capiō, capere, cēpī, captus)

incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptus

to begin

(in+ capiō, capere, cēpī, captus)

faciō, facere, fēcī, factus

to make, do

conficiō, conficere, confēcī, confectus

to accomplish, finish

(con– + faciō, facere, fēcī, factus)

interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectus

to kill

(inter + faciō, facere, fēcī, factus)

iāciō, iācere, iēcī, iactus

to throw

coniciō, conicere, coniēcī, coniectus

to hurl, throw together

(con– + iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus)

cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītus

to desire, wish, want

fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitus

to flee, flee from

cōnsilium capere

to form a plan, make a plan, adopt a plan

memoriā tenēre

to remember

vītam agere

to live one’s life

3rd Conj. -IO Verbs: Active Voice

3rd –IO Verbs: Active Voice

• a subset of the 3rd conj. is known as “3rd –io”– faciō, facere, fēcī, factus: to do, make– capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

• you tell a verb is 3rd –io by looking at the 2nd PP (ending in -ere) and the 1st PP (ending in -iō)

• 3rd or 3rd –IO? – regō, regere, rēxī, rēctus: to rule, reign– accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptus: to receive, welcome– interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectus: to kill– redūcō, redūcere, redūxī, redūctus: to lead back

3rd –IO Verbs: Active Voice

• the rules for forming:– the present system of the 3rd –IO conj. is almost exactly the

same as the 3rd conjugation– the perfect system stays the same (as always)

• to find the present stem of a 3rd –io verb, you still drop the -ō from the 1st PP (but you keep the -i-)

– faciō, facere, fēcī, factus: faci-– capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: capi-– cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupitus: ____________– fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitus: ____________

3rd –io Verbs: Present Tense

To Form the Present Tense: – find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– then add the personal endings

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –io Verbs: Present TenseTo Form the Present Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –io Verbs: Present TenseTo Form the Present Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capi capi

2nd capi capi

3rd capi capi

3rd –io Verbs: Present TenseTo Form the Present Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capi capi

2nd capi capi

3rd capi capiu

3rd –io Verbs: Present TenseTo Form the Present Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiō capimus

2nd capis capitis

3rd capit capiunt

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture SG PL

1st capiēbam

2nd

3rd

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture SG PL

1st capiēbam

2nd capiēbās

3rd

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture SG PL

1st capiēbam

2nd capiēbās

3rd capiēbat

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture SG PL

1st capiēbam capiēbāmus

2nd capiēbās

3rd capiēbat

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture SG PL

1st capiēbam capiēbāmus

2nd capiēbās capiēbātis

3rd capiēbat

3rd –io Verbs: Imperfect TenseTo Form the Imperfect Tense:

– find the present stem (1st PP, drop the -ō) – add –ēba– to the stem– then add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture SG PL

1st capiēbam capiēbāmus

2nd capiēbās capiēbātis

3rd capiēbat capiēbant

3rd -IO Verbs: Future TenseTo Form the Future Tense:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the present stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the present stem in all other forms– add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd -IO Verbs: Future TenseTo Form the Future Tense:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the present stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the present stem in all other forms– add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiam

2nd

3rd

3rd -IO Verbs: Future TenseTo Form the Future Tense:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the present stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the present stem in all other forms– add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiam

2nd capiēs

3rd

3rd -IO Verbs: Future TenseTo Form the Future Tense:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the present stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the present stem in all other forms– add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiam

2nd capiēs

3rd capiet

3rd -IO Verbs: Future TenseTo Form the Future Tense:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the present stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the present stem in all other forms– add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiam capiēmus

2nd capiēs

3rd capiet

3rd -IO Verbs: Future TenseTo Form the Future Tense:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the present stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the present stem in all other forms– add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiam capiēmus

2nd capiēs capiētis

3rd capiet

3rd -IO Verbs: Future TenseTo Form the Future Tense:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the present stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the present stem in all other forms– add the personal endings

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiam capiēmus

2nd capiēs capiētis

3rd capiet capient

3rd -IO Verbs Present Active Imperative

to form the present active imperative…• SG: find the pres. stem & change –i– to –e–• PL: find the pres. stem & add –te–

e.g.: capiō, capere – cape! (sg) capite! (pl)

exception: the SG impv. of faciō, facere is fāc!– the pl is still formed regularly – facite!– n.b.: this is like dūcō, dūcere & compounds (dūc! redūc!)

3rd –IO Verbs: Perfect System

• the perfect system tenses of 3rd –IO verbs are formed completely regularly:

– Perfect:

• perfect stem + -ī, -istī, -it, -imus, -istis, -ērunt

– Pluperfect:

• perfect stem + -eram, -erās, -erat, -erāmus, -erātis, -erant

– Future Perfect:

• perfect stem + -erō, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint

Third Conjugation -IO Verbs: Passive Voice

3rd –IO Verbs: Passive Voice

• the passive voice of the present system of 3rd –IO verbs is formed exactly like the passive forms of the 3rd

conjugation, but with the passive personal endings (or/r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

– Present: pres. stem (1st PP drop –ō) + u in 3rd PL + endings

• exception: 2nd SG changes –i– in stem to –e– (like reg. 3rd conj.)

– Imperfect: pres. stem + ēbā + passive endings

– Future: pres. stem + a/ē + passive endings

3rd –IO: Present PassiveForming:

– change –i– to –e– in the stem of the 2nd SG– add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Present PassiveForming:

– change –i– to –e– in the stem of the 2nd SG– add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capior

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Present PassiveForming:

– change –i– to –e– in the stem of the 2nd SG– add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capior

2nd caperis

3rd

3rd –IO: Present PassiveForming:

– change –i– to –e– in the stem of the 2nd SG– add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capior

2nd caperis

3rd capitur

3rd –IO: Present PassiveForming:

– change –i– to –e– in the stem of the 2nd SG– add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capior capimur

2nd caperis

3rd capitur

3rd –IO: Present PassiveForming:

– change –i– to –e– in the stem of the 2nd SG– add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capior capimur

2nd caperis capiminī

3rd capitur

3rd –IO: Present PassiveForming:

– change –i– to –e– in the stem of the 2nd SG– add –u– to the stem in the 3rd PL– add the passive personal endings (or, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capior capimur

2nd caperis capiminī

3rd capitur capiuntur

3rd –IO: Imperfect PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –ēba– to the stem – add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Imperfect PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –ēba– to the stem – add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiēbar

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Imperfect PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –ēba– to the stem – add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiēbar

2nd capiēbāris

3rd

3rd –IO: Imperfect PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –ēba– to the stem – add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiēbar

2nd capiēbāris

3rd capiēbātur

3rd –IO: Imperfect PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –ēba– to the stem – add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiēbar capiēbāmur

2nd capiēbāris

3rd capiēbātur

3rd –IO: Imperfect PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –ēba– to the stem – add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiēbar capiēbāmur

2nd capiēbāris capiēbāminī

3rd capiēbātur

3rd –IO: Imperfect PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –ēba– to the stem – add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiēbar capiēbāmur

2nd capiēbāris capiēbāminī

3rd capiēbātur capiēbantur

3rd –IO: Future PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the stem in the other forms– add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Future PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the stem in the other forms– add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiar

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Future PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the stem in the other forms– add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiar

2nd capiēris

3rd

3rd –IO: Future PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the stem in the other forms– add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiar

2nd capiēris

3rd capiētur

3rd –IO: Future PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the stem in the other forms– add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiar capiēmur

2nd capiēris

3rd capiētur

3rd –IO: Future PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the stem in the other forms– add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiar capiēmur

2nd capiēris capiēminī

3rd capiētur

3rd –IO: Future PassiveForming:

– find the present stem– add –a– to the stem in the 1st SG– add –ē– to the stem in the other forms– add the passive personal endings (r, ris, tur, mur, minī, ntur)

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st capiar capiēmur

2nd capiēris capiēminī

3rd capiētur capientur

3rd –IO Verbs Present Passive Imperative

to form the present passive imperative…• SG: change -i- to -e- on the pres. stem & add -re • PL: add –minī– to the pres. stem

e.g.: capiō, capere – capere! (sg) capiminī! (pl)

N.B.: SG impv. is still the same as the 2nd PP and PL impv. is still the same as 2nd PL pres. pass. indic.

3rd –IO Verbs: Passive Voice

• the passive of the perfect system of the 3rd -IO is formed

exactly like the perfect system passive of conj. 1-2 & reg.

3rd conj. (PPP + form of sum, esse)

– Perfect: PPP + sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

– Pluperfect: PPP + eram, erās, erat, erāmus, erātis, erant

– Future Perfect: PPP + erō, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt

3rd –IO: Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the present tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO – Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the present tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um sum

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO – Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the present tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um sum

2nd cāptus, -a, -um es

3rd

3rd –IO – Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the present tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um sum

2nd cāptus, -a, -um es

3rd cāptus, -a, -um est

3rd –IO – Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the present tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um sum cāptī, -ae, -a sumus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um es

3rd cāptus, -a, -um est

3rd –IO – Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the present tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um sum cāptī, -ae, -a sumus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um es cāptī, -ae, -a estis

3rd cāptus, -a, -um est

3rd –IO – Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the present tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, captus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um sum cāptī, -ae, -a sumus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um es cāptī, -ae, -a estis

3rd cāptus, -a, -um est cāptī, -ae, -a sunt

3rd –IO: Pluperfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the imperfect tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Pluperfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the imperfect tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um eram

2nd

3rd

3rd –IO: Pluperfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the imperfect tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um eram

2nd cāptus, -a, -um erās

3rd

3rd –IO: Pluperfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the imperfect tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um eram

2nd cāptus, -a, -um erās

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erat

3rd –IO: Pluperfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the imperfect tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um eram cāptī, -ae, -a erāmus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um erās

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erat

3rd –IO: Pluperfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the imperfect tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um eram cāptī, -ae, -a erāmus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um erās cāptī, -ae, -a erātis

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erat

3rd –IO: Pluperfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the imperfect tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um eram cāptī, -ae, -a erāmus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um erās cāptī, -ae, -a erātis

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erat cāptī, -ae, -a erant

3rd–IO: Future Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the future tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st

2nd

3rd

3rd–IO: Future Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the future tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um erō

2nd

3rd

3rd–IO: Future Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the future tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um erō

2nd cāptus, -a, -um eris

3rd

3rd–IO: Future Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the future tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um erō

2nd cāptus, -a, -um eris

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erit

3rd–IO: Future Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the future tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um erō cāptī, -ae, -a erimus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um eris

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erit

3rd–IO: Future Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the future tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um erō cāptī, -ae, -a erimus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um eris cāptī, -ae, -a eritis

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erit

3rd–IO: Future Perfect PassiveForming:

– take the PPP (4th PP declined like a 2-1-2 adjective)– add the future tense of sum, esse

capiō, capere, cēpī, cāptus: to seize, capture

SG PL

1st cāptus, -a, -um erō cāptī, -ae, -a erimus

2nd cāptus, -a, -um eris cāptī, -ae, -a eritis

3rd cāptus, -a, -um erit cāptī, -ae, -a erunt

Ablative of Separation

Ablative of Separation

• another use of the ablative is the abl. of separation

• the abl. of separation is used to show separation when no motion is implied

– if motion is implied, you are likely dealing with an abl. of PFW

• can be used with a preposition (ā/ab) or without one

– with concrete nouns or persons, the prep. is sometimes there

– with abstract nouns, the prep. is omitted

– generally speaking, the abl. of sep. is seen without a prep.

Ablative of Separation

e.g.:

• Dēfendimur (ā) fīnitimīs Gallīs.

• We are defended from the neighboring Galls.

• Cōnsulem omnī cūrā līberābitis.

• You will free the consul from all care.