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Commodore Mathew Perry visits Japan
• 1853: Forces Japan to end policy of isolationism
• Formerly ruled by a Shogun– #1 Samurai
• 1854: Treaty of KanagawaTreaty of Kanagawa– trading rights
– extraterritoriality
– other Western countries open up trade w/ Japan
– “unequal treaties”
Japanese view of CommodorePerry
Treaty of Kanagawa
• Peace and friendship between the United States and Japan.
• Opening of two ports to American ships at Shimoda and Hakodate
• Help for any American ships wrecked on the Japanese coast and protection for shipwrecked persons
• Permission for American ships to buy supplies, coal, water, and other necessary provisions in Japanese ports.
Below is a list of some of the gifts each nation presented to the other. Put a "J" next to the gifts presented by the
Japanese and an "A" next to the ones presented by the Americans to the Japanese.
• Lifeboats
• Clocks
• Silk
• Farm Tools
• Unusual sea shells
• Telegraph wire
• Porcelain tea sets
• Telescope
• Lacquer boxes and trays
• Umbrellas
• Whiskey/wines
• Jars of soy sauce
• Miniature railroad
• Pistols/swords
•
MEIJI RESTORATION (1868)• Meiji means “enlightened
rule”• Shogun steps down• Restored Emperor to power• “Honor the emperor and expel
the barbarians”• “Enrich the country, strengthen
the military”• Scholars sent to the West to
learn gov’t, industry, military
Changes under the MEIJI
• Parliament (Diet)• taxes rose• education improved• improve infrastructure• feudalism abolished• Rise of ZAIBATSU• becomes economic /
industrial power
JAPANESE Expansion in ASIA• ended “unequal treaties”
• 1895: Sino-Japanese War: defeated China to gain control of Korea and Taiwan
• 1905: defeated Russia in Russo-Japanese War– *first time an Asian nation defeats a
European power– gained Manchuria
• NEED for raw materials
• sought equal political standing w/ WEST
Growth of Extreme Nationalism• 1929: Great Depression hurts
Japanese economy• 1931: conquest of Manchuria• rise of MILITARISM: mission was
to free Asian nations from western imperialism
• 1940: Japan joins Axis Powers– USA places oil/supply embargo on
Japan
– Japan/US negotiate to avoid war
– Dec. 7, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor
ISLAND HOPPING I/T PACIFIC
• To stop Japanese expansion
• Japan depended on secure oceanic routes for food & raw materials
• Battle of Midway: June 3-7, 1942– turning point o/t war
– 4 Japanese aircraft carriers destroyed
– 1 US carrier destroyed
USS YORKTOWN (CV-5)
MidwayIsland
ISLAND HOPPING
• SEABEEs: Navy construction battalions– cleared forests and
build airstrips
• Amphibious Assaults– new war tactics
– Marines: ship to land assaults
– supported by aircraft and naval gunfire
ISLAND HOPPING
• Battle of Peleliu Island• 15 Sept - 12 Oct 44• to capture an airstrip• over 12,000 US lives
lost• over 10,000 Japanese
lives lost
USS PELELIU (LHA 5)
BATTLE OF IWO JIMA
• 19 Feb -26 Mar 45• 6,800 Americans KIA• 20,000 “ wounded• 21,000 Japanese KIA
– almost every single soldier
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS• 6 May 42: The PI fall to Japan
– Gen. Douglas MacArthur promises to return
• BATAAN Death March– 76,000 Allies surrender
– 5,000 perish on death march
– thousands more die in POW camps
• Return t/t Philippines 1944-45– 50,000 Japanese KIA
– 3,504 Americans KIA
– Battle of Leyte Gulf • largest naval battle of WWII
– KAMIKAZE pilots appear
Bataan Death March65 mile trek
BATTLE OF OKINAWA
• 1 Apr - 22 June 45• 12,500 Americans KIA• 110,000 Japanese KIA• 1,900 Kamikaze missions against
US naval fleet• Japanese commander commits
seppuku (suicide)• Japanese battleship YAMATO is
sunk– 2800 Japanese die w/ ship
– Largest battleship i/t world
YAMATO
WWII against Japan: HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI
• US Island Hopping• Tokyo Raid• Enola Gay drops 1st
Atomic bomb on Hiroshima (6Aug45)– 80,000 killed
• 2nd Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki (9Aug45)– 40,000 killed
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