Issues of Scale Using C o l o r

Issues of Scale

Using Color

Scale Issues

What is map scale?

The scale of a map is the relationship between a unit of length on the map and a unit of length on the ground.

Verbal scale“One cm represents 100 km”

Bar scales (graphical)

Representative fraction (RF) 1:24,000

Map Scales

Representative Fraction

A 0.025 inch line on a 1:24,000 scale map represents 50 ft (600 in) on the ground

A 0.025 inch line on a 1:200,000 scale map represents almost 417 ft on the ground

Scale Issues

Beware of scale statements

1:200 (“one to two hundred”) does this mean

unit-to-unit

(one inch on the map equals 200 inches on the ground)

or

not unit-to-unit

(one inch on the map equals 200 feet on the ground)

For this course,

all scale statements will be assumed unit-to-unit

Scale Issues

large scale vs. small scale

To a geographer:1:2,000,000 is small scale

1:200 is large scale

Importance of Scale

Scale of data plays an important role, and frequently causes problems

All spatial phenomena have scale dependent behavior/properties

Be aware of:

Data source scale

Mixing data from different source scales

Appropriateness of output scale

Scale Issues

Data from different sources and scales can vary widely

1:100,000 scale data from USGS DLG

Scale Issues

1:1,000,000 scale data from DCW (DMA)

Scale Issues

1:2,000,000 scale data from USGS DLG

Using Color

Displaying data: colors

From Tufte 1990

Wabern, 1983

What can color do?

Label

Measure

Represent or imitate reality

Beautify

Displaying data: colors

From Tufte 1990

Primary home heating fuel. U.S. Department of Commerce

Displaying data: colors

From Tufte 1990

Primary home heating fuel. U.S. Department of Commerce

Displaying data: colors

From Tufte 1997

Displaying data: colors

From Tufte 1997

Displaying data: colors

From Tufte 1997

Color Blindness

Color Blindness

Color Blindness

http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

Color Blindness

http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

Color Blindness

http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

Color Blindness

http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

Color Blindness

http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

Color Models

RGB

Color Models

CMYK

Redundant Coding

Redundant Coding

http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

Redundant Coding

http://jfly.iam.u-tokyo.ac.jp/color/

Color Schemes

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Color Schemes

http://www.personal.psu.edu/faculty/c/a/cab38/ColorSch/Schemes.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

http://www.personal.psu.edu/cab38/ColorBrewer/ColorBrewer.html

Dr. Cynthia Brewer / Department of Geography / The Pennsylvania State University

Specifying Colors in ArcMap

Homework

Read: “Creating Feature Datasets & Vector Editing” & “Creating and Modifying Tables”

Start working on assignment #4 -- Due April 26.