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ISS-CERN 22-24/9/05
SPL-Fréjus
•Some performances•Fréjus site•French Photodetector R&D
J.E Campagne
See also talk at Acc. WG
Thanks: A. Cazes, M. Mezzetto, L. Mosca, Th. Schwetzand IPNO & LAL engeeners.
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 2
Some ingredients for physics analysis
• 440kT Water Č located 130km from CERN (see site later)
• Essentially SK analysis with tighter cuts for e/ id (cf. hep-ph/0105297)
• Use energy resolution dominated by Fermi motion* (200MeV bins)
• 2% systematics on signal & bkgd (see effect later)
• Optimized machine versions: B (M. Mezzetto) and SB (A.C + J.E.C)
• Use Atmospheric Neutrinos (Th. Schwetz)
• GLoBES & NUANCE
*: migration matrix for B
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 3
Particle Id (from M. Mezzetto)
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 4
Fluxes comparison @ 130km
<E> ~ 275 MeV, 4.5 1011/m2/yrOld Fact optimum
<E> ~ 300 MeV, 1.2 1012/m2/yr
3.5GeV SPL optimum
~95 CC/kT/yr*
*: Lipari x-sect. (see later)Reflector: 50% of the Flux
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 5
B and SB fluxes
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 6
Analysis: GLoBES + M. Mezzetto’s parameterization file
e (Sig)
13 = 1° 13 = 3° sin2213= 0.05
33 (/2)
330(/2)
2200 (/2)
3670 ()
e (Bkg)
1500
e e CC 0 from NC
CC
( missId)
e e CC
Frac. of Bkg 90% 6% 3% 1%
Reduction Factor
0.707(1060)
6.5 10-
4(90)5.4 10-4(45) 0.677(15)
(Sig)64950
(/2)64414 ()
(Bkg) 3 (4.310-5 CC)
440kT x 5yrs: 2,2 Mt.yrs (+)
sin2212=0.82, 23=/4, m221=8.1 10-5eV2, m2
31=2.2 10-
3eV2Reduction factor and efficiencies taken from SK simulation (D. Casper) and a
tight cut for e/ misId. (cf. hep-ph/0105297)
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 7
Kaon/pion production?
Preliminary (15/9/05)
FLUKA 2005.6
FLUKA 2002.4
HARP?
+12.5% @3.5GeV
Big difference [3.5 ÷ 4.5]
GeV
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 8
The X-sections
B is an ideal tool to measure these cross-sections and a 2% systematic error on both signal and background are used.
---: Lipari et al.PRL74(95)4384
on H20
SPL
Require close position
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 9
Comparison with other facilities
M.M@NuFact05
Systematics…
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 10
SPL
2yrs (+)8yrs (-)
Effect of the systematic (sig. & bkg)
True values: (, sin2213)
sin2212=0.82, sin223=0,4
m221=7.9 10-5eV2, m2
31=2.4 10-3eV2
5% external precision on 12 & m221
use SPL disappearance channel and spectrum analysis
Much more dramatic than ambiguities at small 13
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 11
Remove ambiguities with ATM
Th. S
Contour after ATM combination: true value
Favorable case sin223=0.6
10yrs
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 12
Fréjus site possibility
HK
Henderson
New Fréjus
L.M
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 13
New Fréjus Cavern (MEMPHYS)
Fréjus*
CERN
130km130km
*: Modane
Based on well experienced civil engineer studies.
First cost and time estimate will come soon for a dedicated operation.
Beyond that a Design Study is needed
65m
60m
4800mwe
L.Mosca
5x200,000m3 H20
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 14
PMT size <=> costPhotonis @ NNN05
Diameter 20“ <=> (20“)17“ <=> 12“ projected area 1660 1450 615 cm²QE(typ) 20 20 24 %CE 60 60 70 %
Cost 2500 2500 800 €
Cost/cm² per useful PEU= cost/(cm²xQExCE)
12.6 14.4 7.7 €/PEU/cm²
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 15
Quantities and total cost
20“ 200,000 x € 2500 = 500M
12“ 540,000 x €800 = 432M
Comment: one should integrate the electronic + HV price
Photonis @ NNN05
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 16
Photodetector R&D in France
• R&D launched after NNN05 but based on on-going R&D with Photonis
• IPN-Orsay, LAL & Photonis together in an official GIS to develop Smart-Photodetectors (ie electronic up to ADC/TDC included): 6 engineers + 2 post-docs + Photonis engineers
• 200k€/3yrs has been asked at the new National Research Agency (ANR)
Photonis @ NNN05: 500,000 PMT -12”- 800€/u
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 17
New pump capacity needed?
Delivery over 6 years
300 working days/year1. 20“ tube
50,000/6/300 => 28 good tubes x yield 0.7 = 40 starts/day
(1 start/pump/day) => 40 pumps ( € 7M or so)
1. 12“ tube
135,000/6/300 => 75 good tubes x yield 0.7 = 110 starts/day.
A multi-array computerised pump at Photonis handles 20 starts/day
=> 6 pumps ( € 2M or so)
Comment: x4 the PMT numbers
Photonis @ NNN05
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 18
+ Sub-conclusions
12“ seems much better than 20“/17“
• cost per useful photoelectron & total PMT cost
• Timing• single-electron resolution (17“ equal)• granularity • weight and handling• implosion risk• investments and start-up
Photonis @ NNN05
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 19
Photonis has all the technical capability needed!
R&D cooperation: detailed & intensive talks are going on with the MEMPHYS collaboration to define a balanced programme
Workshop planned in the spring
Photonis @ NNN05
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 20
Electronics
• Trigger @ ¼ p.e (3kHz from SK)• TDC: 12bits 0,4ns/c • ADC: 12bits 0,15pC/c with 1 p.e @ 20-30 adc
channels.• High speed digital readout• Cost reduction thanks to high level of
integration• Use AMS 0,35m BiCMOS ASIC
Taken in charge by LAL: from amplifier up to ADC/TDC based on past experience with similar state of the art front-end electronics developed for OPERA, W-Si ILC prototype, LHCb…
Ampli.
Slow shaper
Fast shaper
S&H
TDC
ADC
Trigger
Trigger
PMTDigital
Info
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 21
Mechanics & PMT tests
Basic unit that we want to build and test under water
Electronic box water tight
IPNO
Taken in charge by IPNO: well experienced in photodetectors (last operation: Auger). With PHOTONIS tests of PMT 8”, 9” 12” and Hybrid-PMT and HPD
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 22
Some PMT characteristics measurements
1pe spectrum
IPNO 14/9/05
XP1806 8”Not the best
Not the worse
No diff. 5”,8”,10” so 12” should be identical
2kV/G=107
g=25 before ADC
P/V~3
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 23
Summary
The MEMPHYS Mt-scale Water Cerencov detector has a quite good accelerator neutrino program (not exposed here the Pdk and SN )
The R&D on photodetector is started in France and will come in 2006 with first version of “SmartDetector”
The Civil engineer pre-study for new Fréjus Lab. has been performed and seems encouraging (first costing will come soon)
Thank you
ISS-CERN 22-24/9/05
END
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 25
Other expected performances
2yrs (+)
8yrs (-)
3 0m231 & sin223 measurements
5yrs (+)
Cannot resolve the octant alone
First results of a feasibility study for a Megaton-scale (Memphys) Laboratory at Fréjus
-> the best site (rock quality) is found in the middle of the mountain
at a depth of 4800 mwe : a really good chance !a really good chance !
-> of the two considered shapes : “tunnel” and “shaft”,
the “shaft (= well) shape” is strongly preferred
-> with vertical cylinder shafts, a possible scenario is :
5 shafts of 240 000 m3 each = 1 200 000 m3
( = 65m, h = 80m)
-> with “egg shape” or “intermediate shape” shafts, this
scenario could be still improved (only 4 shafts needed)
-> an estimate of the time needed for the excavation
and of the cost is under way
L.Mosca
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 27
Use of the Atmospheric Data
Th. S
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 28
Some physics performances
Use glbChiDelta and 2 (1dof)=9
True values (CP,
Tests CP=0 and CP=
sin2212=0.82, 23=/4,
m221=8.1 10-5, m2
31=2.2 10-3
5% external precision on 12 and m2
21
use SPL disappearance channel2% syst on signal & bkg
CP discovery @ 3
2yrs (+)8yrs (-)
preliminary
Old Opti.
New Opti.
Octant and mass hierarchy degeneracy have little impact on the contour.
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 29
Some comparisons with other facilities
MM@NuFact05
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 30
Some physics performances440kT water Č, 4MW SPL, GLoBES
2% syst. on signal & bkg
(2(2dof)=4.6 or 11.83)*: 5 bins [0.08,1.08] GeV
Sin2213(90%CL) = 610-3 (0.7°)
5yrs (+)CP=0
preliminary
90%CL
New Opt.Old Opt.
True values: (m23, sin2213)
sin2212=0.82, 23=/4, m221=8.1 10-
5eV2
5% external precision on 12 and m221
and use SPL disappearance channel and spectrum
analysis*
sizeable improvement
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 31
+
~1/2 & 1/2 K0e3
+
Flux @ 130km: compositionhttp://opera.web.lal.in2p3.fr/horn/Simu/index.htm
3.5GeV Kinetic p beam~800MeVfocusing40m decay tunnel length2m decay tunnel radius
Focusing
Focusing
~1/3 & 1/3 K0e3 & 1/3 K+
e3
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 32
Evolution of the performances
True values: CP/ =-0.85, sin2213=0.03, sin223=0.4,
5% external precison on m221=8.1 10-5, m2
31=2.2 10-3, 23
2yrs , 8 yrs
0.02 0.04 0.06
sin2213
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
“Fact opt.”
0.02 0.04 0.06
sin2213
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
“ 3.5 GeV opt.”
trueWrong 23
Wrong hierarchy
Wrong hierarchy and
23
90%CL
Solid: SPL+ATMDashed: SPL only
NNN05 New Prelim.
cf. Th. Schwetz
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 33
e (Sig)
13 = 1°
sin2213= 0.001
13 = 3°
sin2213= 0.01
sin2213= 0.05
110(/2)
390(/2)
1300(/2)
1140()
e (Bkg)
490
e e CC e e CC 0 from NC CC
( missId)
Frac. of Bkg 45% 35% 18% 2%
Reduction Factor
0.677(220) 0.707(170) 2.5 10-3(90) 5.4 10-4(10)
(Sig)
/2)19590 ()
(Bkg) 1 (4.310-5 CC)
440kT x 8yrs: 3,5 Mt.yrs (-)
sin2212=0.82, 23=/4, m221=8.1 10-5eV2, m2
31=2.2 10-
3eV2
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 34
CDR2 block diagrams
H-
RFQ RFQ1 chop. RFQ2DTL-CCDTL-SCL 0.65 0.8 1
dump
Source Front End Normal Conducting Superconducting
95 keV 3 MeV 180 MeV 3.5 GeV
40MeV 90MeV
10 m 83 m ~ 350 m
Stretching andcollimation line
3.5 GeV to PS &Accumulator Ring(Neutrino Facility)
Debunching
400 MeV
chopp.
LINAC 4
352 MHz 704 MHz
900 MeV
1
1 - 2 GeV toEURISOL
SPL CDR2 Preliminary Layout 15.3.2005Work in progress!
1-2GeVEurisol, B
2-3.5GeVSuperB,
NuFact
CERN proton complex
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 35
3 MeV test place ready
Linac4 approval
SPL approval
RF tests in SM 18 of prototype structures*
for Linac4
CDR 2
Global planning (R.G courtesy)
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 36
13 and CP Sensitivity computation
Use GLoBES v2.0.11 and M. Mezzetto SPL.glb file detector:
1. Water Cerenkov2. 440 kt3. at Fréjus (130 km from CERN)
Run:1. 5 years +
2. 1 year + + 4 years - 3. 2 years + + 8 years -
Computed with CP=0 (standard benchmark) and = 0
other parameters…. m23 = 2.5 10-3eV2
2. m12 = 7.1 10-5eV2
Same duration Same statistics
sin2223 = 1.0sin2212 = 0.82
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 37
3.5GeV Kinetic p beam~800MeVfocusing40m decay tunnel length2m decay tunnel radius
x1/200
x1/1
0
x1/1
300
+
-
1/3 +1/3 K0
e3
1/3 K+e3
-
Flux @ 130km: - focusing
e
e
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 38
Flux @ 130km: + focusing
x1/140
x1/17
x1/3000
+
-
+
~1/2 -~1/2 K0
e3
http://opera.web.lal.in2p3.fr/horn/Simu/index.htm
3.5GeV Kinetic p beam~800MeVfocusing40m decay tunnel length2m decay tunnel radius
e
e
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 39
Mass hierarchy sensitivity
Atm.LBLAtm+LBL
T2K-II takes benefit of more matter effect
Th. S
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 40
Evolution of the performances440kT water Č, 4MW SPL
Improve significantly T2K-I
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 41
5 years positive focusing
Best sin2213 > 7.1 10-4 Ek = 4.5GeVE=300MeV
tunnel : 40m long2m radius
Energy comparison Focusing comparison
CP = 0
10-3 sin221
3
m2
23
(eV
2)
10-3
E~260MeV
CP = 010-3 sin221
3
10-3
m2
23
(eV
2)
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 42
positive focusing vs 10 years mixed scenario.
10-310-4 10-310-4 10-310-410-310-4
5y+
5y+
2y+8y-
2y+8y-
Energy comparison Focusing comparison
2.2GeV 3.5GeV 4.5GeV 8GeV
-100
-50
0
50
-150
-100
-50
0
-150
300MeV 4.5GeV 300MeV 3.5GeV 260MeV 3.5GeV
Best sin2213 > 2.02 10-3 Ek = 3.5GeVE=300MeV
tunnel : 40m long2m radius 90%CL
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 43
General comparison.
for 10 years in mixed focusing, sensitivity around 13~1°
Clear complementarily between positive scenario and beam (CP>0)
5y mixed focusing10y mixed focusing5y positive focusing
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 44
Super Beam & beta Beam
3 discovery potential curves
SPL
M. MezzettoVillars SPSC 04
beam
CombinedCombined
Thisoptimisation
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 45
MARS vs FLUKA
At the entrance of the SB decay tunnel (after the horn focusing)
Discrepancies reduced in the beam line R = 1mNo angular cut
A. Cazes thesis
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 46
Flux calculation
Low energy Small boost low focusingNeed a high number of events (~1015 evts!!!)Use probability (M. Donega thesis approach)
1. Each time a pion, a muon, or a kaon is decayed by Geant, compute the probability for the neutrino to reach the detector
2. Use this probability as a weight, and fill an histogram with the neutrino energy
3. There are few kaons therfore a kaon produced in the target is duplicated many times: ~100.
4. Gives neutrino spectrum.
New
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 47
Horn design parameter for Super Beam
140 cm 220 cm
80 cm
HORNHORN
inner radius
3.4cm
neck length
40cm
outer radius
20.5cm
total length
140cm
REFLECTOR
outer radius
40cm
total length
220cm
E~300MeVE~800MeV
Conductor thickness : 3mmhorn : 300kAmps
reflector : 600kAmpsChallenging!!!
Using Geant 3.2.1NuFact-Note 138
Drawing from the horn built at CERNOptimized for Super Beam
+ or - focusing
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 48
SPL block diagram (CDR 1)Characteristics (Conceptual Design Report 1):
are “optimized” for a neutrino factoryassume the use of LEP cavities & klystrons up to the highest energy
2.2GeV
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 49
Some physics performancesTrue values: CP=0, 13=0, sin2212=0.82, 23=/4, m2
21=8.1 10-5, m231=2.2
10-3
5% external precision on 12 and m221 and use SPL disappearance
channel
2% syst. on signal & bkg Improve T2K-I
2yrs ()8yrs ()
preliminary
T2K-I
Rate onlySpectrum analysis (prelim.)
90%CL (2(2dof)=4.6)
5yrs ()
Old SPL
x10
2yrs ()8yrs ()
preliminary
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 50
Gradients at 700 MHz
Last test performed in CryHoLab (July 04):5-cells 700 MHz ß=0.65 Nb cavity A5-01from CEA/Saclay and IPN-Orsay
from Stephane Chel, HIPPI04, Frankfurt, sep04
LEP cavities may have worked 350MHz & 3.6MV/m effective gradientNuFact Note 040
1E+08
1E+09
1E+10
1E+11
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Eacc ( MV/m )
Q0
Vertical Cryostat (Fast Cooling)
Horizontal Test in CryHoLab (B1)
quench
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 51
Choice of the EnergyNeglecting Matter effect (Ok CERN-Frejus), for CP = 0°
Maximum of probability is obtained for
2famillies formula
m221=810-5eV2,m2
31=2.410-3eV2, L=130km
E = 250MeV
c23=s23=1/√2,tan212=0.4
sin2213=10-2, E =320MeV
sin2213=10-3, E =390MeV
ISS CERN 05 J.E Campagne LAL 52
Beam Energy comparison
hep-ex/0411062 with an early version of analysis
10-310-4 10-310-4
5y+ 2y+8y-
2.2GeV 3.5GeV 4.5GeV 8GeV
-100
-50
0
50
-150
3.5GeV is an optimum
E~260MeV
CP = 010-3 sin221
3
10-3
m2
23
(eV
2)
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