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ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
Physics of Future Neutrino Detectors
PoF-NuDetdetectors and beam instrumentation
time scales and cost estimates
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
NB of course time scales an cost estimates and a good estimate of detector R&D needs are the main outputof ISS. Numbers here are mostly indicative and definitely not homogeneous.
more will be known after ISS meeting next week.
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
Water Cerenkov Detectorsreport by Jacques Bouchez
Magnetic Sampling Detectorshttp://dpnc.unige.ch/users/blondel/detectors/magneticdetector/SMD-web.htm
report by Alan Bross
Liquid Argon TPC http://www.hep.yorku.ca/menary/ISS/
reports by Scott Menary, Andreas Badertscher
Emulsion Detectors http://people.na.infn.it/~pmiglioz/ISS-ECC-G/ISSMainPage.html
report by Pasquale Migliozzi
Near Detectors http://ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk/~psoler/ISS/ISS_Near_Detector.html
reports by Paul Soler and Federico Sanchez
based on Working group reports at ISS
Detector Technology will take place this afternoon
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
The MEMPHYS Project
65m
65m
Fréjus
CERN
130km130km
4800mweExcavation engineering pre-study has been done for 5
shafts
Water Cerenkov modules at FréjusCERN to FréjusNeutrino Super-beam and Beta-beam
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
A Very Large Laboratory
In the middle of the Fréjus tunnel at a depth of4800 m.w.e a preliminary investigation shows the feasibility to excavate up to five
shafts of about 250,000 m3 each
Henderson
HK
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
65m
~ 4 x SK
65m
Detector basic unit
Detector:
cylinder (a la SK) 65 m diameter and 65 m height: : → 215 000 tons of water (4 times SK)
taking out 4 m from outside for veto and fiducial cut →146 000 ton fiducial target
3 modules : 440 kilotons (like UNO) BASELINE
4 modules would give 580 kilotons (HK)
→Simulations done using 440 kt
each cavity 70 m diameter and 80 m total height
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
3 shafts = 543 M€ ~> 600 M€ 10 years
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
Water Cherenkov R&D
crude estimate: 4 M€ over 4 years (not an official number)
Photomultiplier studies in conjunction with industryLarge cavern detector architecture and liner studiesCivil engineering design studies
Three liquids DS for FP7?
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
R&D on electronics (ASICs)
Integrated readout : “digital PM (bits out)”Charge measurement (12bits)Time measurement (1ns)Single photoelectron sensitivity
High counting rate capability (target 100 MHz)
Large area pixellised PM : “PMm2”16 low cost PMsCentralized ASIC for DAQVariable gain to have only one HV
Multichannel readoutGain adjustment to compensatenon uniformitySubsequent versions of OPERA_ROC ASICs
aim at 200 euros/channel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
Mechanics & PMT tests
Basic unit that we want to build and test under water
Electronic box water tight
IPNO
Taken in charge by IPNO: well experienced in photodetectors (last operation: Auger). With PHOTONIS tests of PMT 8”, 9” 12” and Hybrid-PMT and HPD
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
A possible schedule for MEMPHYS at Frejus
Year 2005 2010 2015 2020
Safety tunnel Excavation
Lab cavity ExcavationP.S Study
detector PM R&D PMT production
Det.preparation InstallationOutside lab.
Non-acc.physics P-decay, SN
Superbeam Construction Superbeam
betabeam Beta beamConstruction
decision for cavity digging decision for SPL construction decision for EURISOL site
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
[00-900 ] [900-1800 ]
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
SUPERBEAM BETABEAM
→ e e →
→ e e →
Superbeam + beta beam together
2 ways of testing CP, T and CPT : redundancy and check of systematics
2 beams
1 detector
2yrs
8yrs
5yrs
5yrs
pure4 flavours + K
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
MEMPHYS comments (AB)
-- French neutrino community strongly motivated-- R&D already started. -- CERN beams (Beta-beam, Superbeam) possible please consider oscillation physics performance with BOTH betabeam gamma=100 AND WBB Superbeam Ep= 3-4 GeV. (no Kaons) ball-park est. cost of total package
600M€ (detector) + + (from erlier est…) betabeam (~500M€) + superbeam (~400 M€)
main physics question mark: is it possible at all to do the physics with low energy events ?
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
A Strawman Concept for a Nufact Iron Tracker Detector
15m diameter polygon4 piece laminateCan be thin if planes
interconnectede.g. down to 1cm
Idea from 1st NOVA Proposal
60kA-turn central coil0.5m x 0.5mAverage field of 1.5TExtrapolation of MINOS
Triangular liquid scintillator cellsStructure based on NOvA using
MINERvA-like shapes4cm x 6cm cells (starting point)3mm thick PVC wallsLooped WLS fibers & APDs
A sample would look like1 cm Fe0.7 cm PVC3.3 cm LS2/3rds Fe; ρ ≈ 2
Based on 175M$ for 90kt
6 cm
4 cm
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
10
Charge with Charge with magnetisedmagnetised NovANovAEach tube: 15.7m long, 3.8cm transverse to the beam, 6cm along the beam.Precision per coordinate 3.8 / (12)1/2 = 1.2 cm.Track length given by muon range, but taken to be maximum of 50m.0.4 Tesla magnetic field
13.0
13.0
13.0
13.0
10.0
5.6
# Stand. dev
<10-70.0024219.250
<10-70.004135.730
<10-70.00692.620
<10-70.01248.210
<10-70.0229.76
~10-60.0610.42
BkgCurvature (1/R)
(m-1)
Range
(m)
Momentum
(GeV/c)
Leslie Leslie CamillieriCamillieriISSISS--CERNCERN
Set 05Set 05
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
near term study:
prototype of long module 0.5 M€prototype of module one-shower-length-deep module 0.5-1M€
engineering of large structure several FTEs + M€civil engineering study 0.2 M€study of very large magnet (CERN)
roughly 1.8M€ R&D over next 4 years. +15 FTE
note high level of synergy with T2K ND280 and NOvA.
long term study
very rough total detector cost estimate would be 200 M€ (detector) + 80 M€ (excav. + infrastructure)
~300 M€
with independent magnet: would depend on result of study.(see first ideas for Liquid argon later. Cheaper for lighter material at equal mass and performance since resolution scales as B.X0
2
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
considerable noise reduction can be obtained by gas amplification
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
industrial study of large Tank 70 m diameter, 20 m drift = 100 kton of Larg shown to be feasible conceptually
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
non- trivial liquid argon consumption!!!!
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
height is limited by high voltage 1kV/cm 2 MV for 20m…
field degrader in liquid argon tested (Cockroft-Greinacher circuit)
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
long drift will be tested in 5m vertical drift tube (ETHZ-Napoli)
and drift under high pressurein pressurized cryostat
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
consequences of long drift: time integration
1. Detector must be underground to limit cosmics (are they all just muons?)
2. photomultipliers sensitive to 128 nm scintillation light can be installed for trigger
3. however Raleigh scattering (<1m scattering length) limits position reconstruction from light timing
4. it is possible to tag timing of neutrino events with precision small wrt 100 ns. and operate with both mu+ and mu- trains injected in storage ring
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
NB B field is perp. to drift!NBB: what range of electrons does this correcpond to?
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
Questions:
what is efficiency as a function of energy vs B field?
what magnetic field is necessary to have reasonable efficiency for electrons up to first oscillation maximum and a little more? (this is of course a baseline dependent statement)
phenomenologists: be prepared to add this to the perfect detector! 10 (100?) kton with 30% efficiency for wrong sign electrons up to 5 GeV ? dreams?
High Tc supra conductor magnet?
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
Liquid Argon R&D
-- T2K 2km: 10M€ over 4 years 2009-2012 -- other: long drift
12.6M$ for 100ton « prototype ».
Cost estimates for full size detector are not known.sacling as V1/3 gives 360M$ for 100 kton. (realistic?)
Magnetized LARG. Magnet is as large/expensive as CMS -->200 M$this with moderate size Larg detector (15kton) may be competitive.
Cost of a intense High Tc magnet design to be evaluated. Several M$ and 10’s of FTE
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
An ideal detector exploiting a Neutrino Factory should:
Identify and measure the charge of the muon (“golden channel”) with high accuracy
Identify and measure the charge of the electron with high accuracy (“time reversal of the golden channel”)
Identify the decays (“silver channel”)Measure the complete kinematics of an event in
order to increase the signal/back ratioMigliozzi
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
“MECC” structure
Stainless steel or Lead Film Rohacell
DONUT/OPERA type target + Emulsion spectrometer + TT + Electron/pi discriminator
B
Assumption: accuracy of film by film alignment = 10 micron (conservative)
13 lead plates (~2.5 X0) + 4 spacers (2 cm gap) (NB in the future we plan to study stainless steel as well. May be it will be the baseline solution: lighter target)
The geometry of the MECC is being optimized
3 cm Electronic detectors/ECC
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
Need a programme of prototype of Magnetized emulsion claoud chambers
-- synergy with large magnet design for segmented calorimeter-- need prototype as for segmented calorimeterlarge size moduleadequate depth module to measure resolution-- synergy with Operano synergy with other project.
same detector costs assumed as for segmented calor.
ISS-2 25 jan. 2006 KEK Alain Blondel
near detector and instrumentation
Set-up a generic simulation of a near detectorDefine a series of potential detector geometries to run on near detector-- dedicated purely-leptonic detector for absolute flux-- quasi-elastic , pi, pi0 detector with variable targets (a la T2K ND280)-- charm detector for NufactCarry out physics studies needed for the ISS report:Study flux normalisation through:
1. Use quasi-elastic and elastic interactions to determine neutrino spectrum
2. Sensitivity for cross-section measurements: low energy?3. Determination of charm: remember this is main background for
golden channel!4. instrumentation: should build a prototype of emittance measuring
ring imaging Cherenkov detector and operate in a beam. Study heating and emittance- generating effects. 500k€
5. instrumentation design and prototype detector for reverse muon decay and elastic NC events 1M€
10FTEx4years and 1.5M€ for prototypes.
ee
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