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Zionism Movement for the return of Jewish people to their homeland The resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel. Has come to include the development of the State of Israel and the protection of the Jewish nation in Israel.
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Israel
World History
Roman Diaspora 66 AD - Romans
kick Jews out of Palestine
Zionism Movement for the return of Jewish
people to their homeland The resumption of Jewish
sovereignty in the Land of Israel. Has come to include the
development of the State of Israel and the protection of the Jewish nation in Israel.
Balfour Declaration, 1917 • Treaty of Versailles
give Britain mandate over Palestine.
• A letter from the British Foreign Secretary, Lord Balfour.
• Favored the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine.
Demographics 1917: 90% of population of
Palestine were Arabs 1932: 80% Arabs 1936: 60% Arabs; 40% Jewish Post WW II: Arabs 1 million; Jews
650,000 (60-40) Today: Population of Israel is 6
million, 20% of which are Arabs
The Creation of Israel 1937: Following Arab riots, UK Royal
Commission recommends partition (three states: Arab, Jewish, British-administered territory)
1939: UK calls for independent Palestine by 1949
Arab League created (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Yemen)
The Creation of Israel, cont. 1947: Britain refers Palestine question to
UN UN recommends partition into two states
(Arab, Jewish) with UN administration of Jerusalem
Jews accept plan; Arab League rejects it UN Resolution 181 Jews establish state of Israelwar between
new state and Arab League (48-49)
Arab-Israeli conflict Both have legitimate claim to
same land Roman Diaspora Post-World War I dissolution of
Ottoman Empire Trans-Jordan, Palestine, Iraq to
Britain; Syria, Lebanon to France (League of Nations mandates)
Multiple conflicts Arab-Israeli, Palestinians-Israelis
Wars in 1948, 1956, 1967, 1973, 1982, Intifadah (“Uprising”) 1987, 1999
Iran-Iraq: war in 1980-88 Iraq-Kuwait-UN: Gulf War in 1991
The “Six-Day War” (1967) Israeli “preemptive strike” Overwhelming Israeli victory against
Egypt, Syria, Jordan Israelis capture West Bank from
Jordan, Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, and Golan Heights from Syria
Israelis control East Jerusalem for first time
1973 Yom Kippur War Egypt and Syria launch surprise attack
against Israel Israelis counterattack US/USSR step in and negotiate a cease-
fire 1977: Anwar Sadat Israel to address
Knesset; ready to negotiate a separate peace. Leads to Camp David Accords in 1979.
Terrorism U.S. is major
backer of Israel. Arab hatred of
U.S.A. 1983 – bombing of
Marine barracks in Lebanon, 9/11, etc.
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