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INVASIVE SPECIES: WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES LARRY NELSON. 9.9 Million ACRES in California. Cheatgrass in the American West ( Bromus tectorum ). Covers 1/3 of Great Basin Fire Frequency Before Cheatgrass: 60-70 Years - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INVASIVE SPECIES:INVASIVE SPECIES:WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCESNATURAL RESOURCES
LARRY NELSONLARRY NELSON
Yellow Starthistle(Centaurea solstitialis L.)
Late 1800s
OUCH!!
9.9 Million ACRES in California
Mariposa Lily
Cheatgrass in the American WestCheatgrass in the American West((Bromus tectorumBromus tectorum))
• Covers 1/3 of Great Basin• Fire Frequency Before Cheatgrass: 60-70 Years• Fire Frequency with Cheatgrass: 3-5 Years
Negative Effects of InvasivesNegative Effects of Invasives
• Affect Growth of Natives
• Regeneration• Species Exclusion• Water Quality• Bio-Diversity
TOTAL COST:TOTAL COST:
$137 BILLION $137 BILLION PER YRPER YR
Hilly Coastal PlainHilly Coastal Plain
Appalac
hian M
ts.
Appalac
hian M
ts.
Piedm
ont
Piedm
ont
MCPMCP
LCPLCP
Hilly Coastal PlainHilly Coastal Plain
Low
er C
oast
al P
lain
Low
er C
oast
al P
lain
AlluvialAlluvialFloodplainFloodplain
Middle Coastal P
lain
Middle Coastal P
lain
Mile-a-minute WeedTree-of-heavenWinged Burning BushWintercreeperChinese SilvergrassEuropean privet
Tropical Soda AppleCogongrassAir Yam & Water YamJapanese Climbing Fern??? Subtropical Weeds
CogongrassTallowtreeJapanese privet
Japanese Honeysuckle
Chinese Privet
Kudzu Wisterias
Nonnative Roses Tall fescue Bamboos
Lespedezas Autumn Olive
Bush HoneysucklesGarlic MustardRussian OlivePaulownia Chinese Yam
Chinese PrivetChinese Privet
NRCS Website
Tallowtree or PopcorntreeTallowtree or Popcorntree
10% of Forests in East Texas Infested
Tropical Soda Tropical Soda AppleApple
Shrubby Lespedeza Shrubby Lespedeza (Bicolor)(Bicolor)
Chinese Chinese LespedezaLespedeza
Chinese WisteriaChinese WisteriaChinese PrivetChinese Privet
Value of American Agriculture: $195 Billion per Year......
Most Exotic Species are not invasive!!
Most Exotics are o.k.…..Most Exotics are o.k.…..
• On Average…….– If 1000 plants are
introduced……– 100 plants will escape
cultivation……– 10 plants will become
serious invaders…..
Miconia in Miconia in TahitiTahiti
Invasive Species….…..Invasive Species….…..
An invasive species is a species that has the potential to move from where it is, to where it does not occur, become established, and do significant harm to the invaded site…..
R. Eplee, 2003
Purple Loosestrife(Lythrum salicaria L.)
Late 1800s
Spreading at a rate of 115,000ha per year.........
Circular Cogongrass InfestationCircular Cogongrass Infestation
90ºW25ºN
35ºN
30ºN
Cogongrass Infestations Treated
Eradicated
Not Verified?
Invasive Plants of the Thirteen Invasive Plants of the Thirteen Southeastern StatesSoutheastern States
• TreesTrees• ShrubsShrubs• VinesVines• ForbsForbs• Aquatic ForbsAquatic Forbs• Grass/grasslikesGrass/grasslikes• FernsFerns
TOTALTOTAL
17 17 27 FL only27 FL only
34 34 1919
31 31 2121
130 130 1111
30 30 33
62 62 99
3 3 44
307 307 9494
All Land Use and Ownerships Impacted
• Forestry• Row-crop
Agriculture• Right-of-ways• Natural Areas &
Preserves• Pastures and
Range• Home owners
• Turfgrass Industry • Horticulture &
Nursery Industry• Aquatic Systems
& Aquaculture• Recreational
Industry (golf, sports fishing, etc.)
JURISDICTION FOR JURISDICTION FOR CONTROL MUST INCLUDE:CONTROL MUST INCLUDE:
FEDERALFEDERAL
STATESTATE
& PRIVATE LANDS& PRIVATE LANDS
Invasive Species ControlInvasive Species Control
WHO IS WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?RESPONSIBLE?
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?
• FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
• STATE
• COUNTY
• LOCAL AGENCY
• LANDOWNER
• INDUSTRY
Invasive Plant Management ProgramsInvasive Plant Management Programs
• PreventionPrevention
• Detection, Monitoring, and assessDetection, Monitoring, and assess
• Eradication, Control, and containEradication, Control, and contain
• Restore, Rehabilitate, or ReclaimRestore, Rehabilitate, or Reclaim
• Research and DevelopmentResearch and Development
• Education and ExtensionEducation and Extension
The Federal Response…….The Federal Response…….• 1994 - FICMNEW Established• 1995-1996 - Three National Weed
Summits• 1998 – Weed Fact Book Published• 1998 – National Weed Strategy
Published• 1999 – Executive Order #13112
Signed– National Invasive Species Council– National Invasive Species
Management Plan
FEDERAL RESPONSEFEDERAL RESPONSE
• FRAGMENTED APPROACH
• FOCUSED ON NATURAL RESOURCE-BASED INDUSTRIES
• INCREASED EFFORTS ON SURVEYS AND MAPPING
FEDERAL RESPONSE:FEDERAL RESPONSE:SOME SUCCESSESSOME SUCCESSES
• PLANT PROTECTION ACT OF 2000 REQUIRES PERMITS TO MOVE LISTED SPECIES ACROSS STATE LINES.
• MOST LISTED SPECIES ARE AGRIC. WEEDS.
• POLITICAL SUPPORT AND FUNDING ARE LIMITING FACTORS REGARDING PPA AND APHIS POLICY.
• DIRTY LIST APPROACH.
STATE STATUTESSTATE STATUTES
TYPE OF AUTHORITY
• NONE• NOTIFICATION &
ACTION• RELY ON LANDOWNER• BLANKET AUTHORITY• PUBLIC LANDS ONLY• LANDOWNER
RESPONSIBILITY
NUMBER OF STATES
NINE (MS, GA, NC)
TWENTY-SIX
NINE
FOUR (AL, LA, SC)
SIX (FL)
TWO (TX, AR)
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSENFORCEMENT MECHANISMSSTATE:ALABAMAARKANSASFLORIDAGEORGIAKENTUCKYLOUISIANAMISSISSIPPISOUTH CAROLINA TENNESSEETEXAS
PENALTY:IMPRISONMENTFINES, CIVIL PEN., MISD. FINES, MISD. FINES, MISD. FINES, MISD. NONECIVIL PEN., MISDFINE, CIV. PEN., IMP., MISCIVIL PEN., MISDMISD
EMERGENCY POWERSEMERGENCY POWERS
NINE STATES AUTHORIZE NINE STATES AUTHORIZE EMERGENCY POWERS RE EMERGENCY POWERS RE
INVASIVE PLANTS INVASIVE PLANTS SC IS THE ONLY STATE IN THE SESC IS THE ONLY STATE IN THE SE
STATES W/ RESTORATION STATES W/ RESTORATION AUTHORITYAUTHORITY
SEVEN STATES AUTHORIZE SEVEN STATES AUTHORIZE RESTORATION PROGRAMSRESTORATION PROGRAMS
FL, KY, TNFL, KY, TN
COORDINATIONCOORDINATION
• AS MANY AS THIRTY ENTITIES IN ANY GIVEN STATE MAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DEALING WITH INVASIVE SPECIES
COORDINATION TOOLSCOORDINATION TOOLS
• STATEWIDE INVASIVE SPECIES COUNCILS (THIRTY-SIX STATES)
• STATEWIDE INVASIVE SPECIES PLANS (TEN + STATES)
WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?
EVERYBODY!EVERYBODY!
ACRONYMSACRONYMS
• APHIS – Animal and Plant Health Inspection service
• CWA – Cooperative Weed Management Area
• EPPC – Exotic Pest Plant Council• FICMNEW – Federal Interagency
Committee for the Management of Noxious and Exotic Weeds
• PPA – Plant Protection Act
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