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Introduction 1
The Details of Photosynthesis
Introduction 2
Lesson Objectives• You will be able to explain seven of the energy
transformations that occur when storing solar energy in the chemical bonds of a carbohydrate.
• You will be able to identify the purpose of both ATP and NADPH in the transfer of energy between the Light Reactions and the Calvin Cycle.
• You will be able to identify which set of reactions each reactant is needed for, and which set of reactions each product is produced in.
• You will be able to identify the purpose of oxygen in the light reactions.
• You will be able to explain the process and purpose of carbon fixation.
• You will be able to properly sequence the events that lead to the formation of: ATP, NADPH, RuBP, and the carbohydrate G3P.
Introduction 3
Review: Chloroplast Structure
The chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis. The following structure within the chloroplast are important to know:
– Stroma– Thylakoid– Thylakoid Space
Click on each word in the diagram above to learn more.
Introduction 4
Review QuestionsClick on the word that best completes the sentence or answers the question.
Where do the events of the Light Reactions Occur?A. thylakoid B.stroma
C.outer membrane D.intermembrane space
Introduction 5
Good Job
The light reactions of photosynthsis occur in the:
thylakoid
Introduction 6
Review QuestionsClick on the word that best completes the sentence or answers the question.
What is the fluid called that fills the chloroplast?A.thylakoid B. stroma
C.matrix D.cytoplasm
Introduction 7
Good Job
The fluid that fills the chloroplast is called:
stroma
Introduction 8
Review QuestionsClick on the word that best completes the sentence or answers the question.
Where do the reactions of the Calvin cycle occur?A.thylakoid space B. stroma
C.intermembrane space D.grana
Introduction 9
Good Job
The reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the:
stroma
Introduction 10
Review: The Major Reactions
• The major reactions of photosynthesis include the light reactions and the Calvin cycle
• Energy is shuttled from the light reactions to the Calvin cycle by ATP and NADPH
Introduction 11
Review: The Light Reactions: What Goes In
• The reactants of the Light reactants are:
– Water (H2O)
– NADP+ (Low Energy)
– ADP + P (Low Energy)
• Sunlight is also
required!
Introduction 12
Review: The Light Reactions: What Comes Out
• The products of the light reactions are
– ATP, which is storing some of
the solar energy.
– NADPH, which is also storing
some of the solar energy, but
has also taken:
• electrons from the water
molecules
• Hydrogen from the water
molecules
– Oxygen gas (O2), which is all
that is left of the water after
the hydrogens and electrons
have been taken.
Introduction 13
Review: The Light Reactions All Together Now
During the light reactions:• energy from sunlight is
stored in molecules of ATP and NADPH.
• Water molecules are split. This provides a supply of hydrogen ions and electrons. Oxygen gas is left over as a waste product.
Introduction 14
Review QuestionsClick on the word that best completes the sentence or answers the question.
Where do the events of the light reactions occur?
A. thylakoid
B.stroma
C.outer membrane
D.intermembrane space
Introduction 15
The reactions of the light dependent reactions occur in the:
thylakoid
Good Job
Introduction 16
Review QuestionsClick on the word that best completes the sentence or answers the question.
The electrons being carried by NADPH were originally found in:
A. sunlight
B. ADP
C. NADP
D. H2O
Introduction 17
The electrons were supplied by molecules of:
H2O
Good Job
Introduction 18
Stroma
• The stroma is the fluid that fills the space of the chloroplast outside of the thylakoids.
• The stroma is composed of the chemicals that are involved with the Calvin Cycle, because this is where the Calvin Cycle occurs.
Introduction 19
Thylakoids
• Thylakoids are membrane bound disc shaped sacs within the chloroplast
• The reactions of the light reaction occur along the thylakoid membrane, and within the thylakoid space
Introduction 20
Sorry – Wrong Answer(click to continue)
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