Introduction to Photosynthesis & Respiration Molecular Biology Sumner HS Created by Mr....

Introduction to Photosynthesis &

Respiration

Molecular Biology

Sumner HS

Created by Mr. Woodbury, Modified by Mrs. Slater

Big Question

How do organisms REALLY get the

energy they need to survive?

What is the relationship between life, matter and energy?

Two important ideas.How does energy move in living systems?

Energy flows through living systems

From the sun to heat.

What are the types?

How does matter move in living systems?

Matter is recycled in living systems

Matter: anything that has mass & takes up space. Atoms are the smallest unit of matter.

Cycles include: water, nitrogen, carbon

Two important ideas.

Organisms need energy to make them go

How does matter move in living systems?

Organisms need matter to make them up

CHONP (Remember?)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D7hZpIYlCA (start at 5:15)

Food for thought...;)

What happens if you don’t eat?

You get The Death...because you run out of energy.

Life requires an ongoing supply of energy.

“The Big Picture” - Photosynthesis

What is the job of a chloroplast?

Carry out photosynthesis: Capture radiant (light) energy and store it as chemical potential energy (food/glucose)…

Inputs?

Carbon dioxide, water, radiant (light) energy

Products?

Oxygen, glucose

• Found in PLANTS only!

• Functions:

• Site of photosynthesis: Converts light energy into food (carbs, such as glucose) and oxygen gas (O2)

• Features:

• contain pigments (like chlorophyll) that help capture light energy

• Have own DNA

Chloroplast Recap

Photosynthesis FormulaLight + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C₆H120₆ + 6O2

Sun + 6Carbon dioxide + 6water → 1glucose + 6oxygen gas

Occurs in the chloroplasts of plants, algae and some funky bacteria

Overview of photosynthesis: the process using radiant energy (light/sun), carbon dioxide and water to build food molecules (glucose) and produce oxygen.

Photosynthesis Formula

Key Points:

Small molecules to big molecules

Storing/capturing energy from the sun.

Photosynthesis

• Where do the inputs come from??

Radiant energy

• + 6CO2

• + 6H2O

Draw the following chart

Photosynthesis

Plants start with:

Plants end with:

Carbon atoms (salmon dots)

Hydrogen atoms (green dots)

Oxygen atoms (white dots)

Total molecules (dot groups)

Modeling Photosynthesis

Under your chart, write out:

• Light + 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 +6O2

• Count out:

• 6 salmon dots = CARBON = C

• 12 green dots = HYDROGEN = H

• 18 white dots = OXYGEN = O

Modeling Photosynthesis

• What does each dot represent?

• Make a group of a CO2

• What does this group of dots represent?

Modeling Photosynthesis

Write out:

•“Each dot represents one atom.”

•“Each group of dots represents a molecule.”

Modeling Photosynthesis

• How many of the CO2 molecules should you be able to make?

• Make a molecule of a H2O

• How many water molecules should you be able to make?

• Refer to coefficients in balanced equation

The chemical reaction - photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Plants start with:

Plants end with:

Carbon atoms (salmon dots)

Hydrogen atoms (green dots)

Oxygen atoms (white dots)

Total molecules (dot groups)

Modeling Photosynthesis

• REARRANGE

• Make a group of a C6H12O6

• How many of these groups should you make?

• Make a group of an O2

• How many of these groups should you make?

The chemical reaction - photosynthesis

Photosynthesis Plants start with:

Plants end with:

Carbon atoms (salmon dots)

Hydrogen atoms (green dots)

Oxygen atoms (white dots)

Total molecules (dot groups)

Compare and contrast photosynthesis• Similarities: Write 2-3 similarities

between the before and after substances

• Differences: Write 2-3 differences between the before and after substances

Connect back

Chemical change/reaction: An anabolic reaction: building small molecules built into bigger ones

Energy transformation: Radiant (kinetic) energy to chemical/food (potential) energy

Another “Big Picture”

What is the job of the mighty mitochondria?

Carry out cellular respiration: Convert chemical energy (food/glucose) into energy that is USABLE by living organisms.

Inputs?

Glucose (food) & oxygen (breathe in)

Products?

Carbon dioxide (breathe out), water, useable form of energy

• Functions:

• Site of cell respiration: Converts glucose from food into usable energy (ATP) which is used by cells to do work

• The “powerhouse” of the cell

• Feature:

• Has own DNA

“Mighty” Mitochondria Recap

Role of Enzymes…

More food for thought...

Why don’t we breathe out smoke?

Smoke comes from not completely burning material.

Our enzymes do a much better job of breaking down materials...

Enzymes control and harness transformations of energy & matter.

Respiration FormulaC₆H120₆ + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Usable Energy1 Glucose + 6oxygen gas → 6carbon dioxide + 6water + usable energy (36ATP)

This process occurs in the mitochondria of animal AND plant (and algae) cells

Overview of cellular respiration: the process of using oxygen to break down glucose (food) to get usable energy, also forming carbon dioxide and water

Key Points About Respiration

Key Points:

Big molecules to small molecules.

Releasing chemical potential energy.

The chemical reaction - respiration

CellularRespiration

Organisms start with:

Organisms end with:

Carbon atoms (salmon dots)

Hydrogen atoms (green dots)

Oxygen atoms (white dots)

Total molecules (dot groups)

Modeling Cellular Respiration

Under your chart, write out:

C6H12O6 +6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Usable Energy

Count out:

• 6 salmon dots = CARBON = C

• 12 green dots = HYDROGEN = H

• 18 white dots = OXYGEN = O

Modeling Cellular Respiration

• Make a molecule of C6H12O6

• How many of these molecules should you be able to make?

• Make an O2 molecule

• How many of these groups should you be able to make?

The chemical reaction - respiration

CellularRespiration

Organisms start with:

Organisms end with:

Carbon atoms (salmon dots)

Hydrogen atoms (green dots)

Oxygen atoms (white dots)

Total molecules (dot groups)

Modeling Cellular Respiration

• REARRANGE

• Make a molecule of CO2

• How many of these molecules should you be able to make?

• Make a molecule of H2O

• How many of these molecules should you be able to make?

• What does each group represent?

Compare, contrast & relationships

• Similarities: Write 2-3 similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

• Differences: Write 2-3 differences between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

• Relate: Explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration rely on each other.

Connect back - respiration

Chemical change/reaction: A catabolic reaction: breaking big molecules into smaller ones

Energy transformations: chemical energy in glucose (potential) chemical energy in ATP (potential) usable energy (kinetic)

The Carbon Cycle

Connect back – Prompts

Remember these???

Food for Plants

Respiration

Connect back - Respiration

Breathing: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LjLFrmKTSA&feature=related

Capillaries: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q530H1WxtOw

Gas Exchange (start at 52 seconds) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-iGlpUHvjU

Respiration with gas exchange: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HiT621PrrO0

• Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration

• Carbon Cycle (diagram)

What is ATP?

ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP is a molecule that provides usable energy for the cell to do work

What jobs would the cell need energy to do?

Characteristics of LifeRespond to environment

Grow & Develop

Reproduce

Cellular organization

Energy conversions

Similar Materials (molecules)

These all need

energy in the

form of ATP!!!

What is ATP?

Without a source of usable energy, organisms will die because they can’t carry out the characteristics of living things!!!

Chemical Structure of ATP

3 Phosphates

Ribose Sugar

Adenine Base

What Does ATP Do for You?

It supplies YOU withIt supplies YOU with ENERGYENERGY that you can USEthat you can USE!!

How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

By breaking By breaking the high- the high- energy energy bonds bonds between between the the last two last two phosphates phosphates in ATPin ATP

How Does That Happen?

An An Enzyme!Enzyme!

How is ATP Re-Made?

The reverse of the previous The reverse of the previous process occurs.process occurs.

Another Another Enzyme is Enzyme is used!used!ATP ATP SynthetaseSynthetase

The ADP-ATP Cycle

ATP-ATP-asease

ATP ATP SynthetaSynthetasese

When is ATP Made in the Body?

During a Process called During a Process called Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration that that takes place in both takes place in both Plants Plants & Animals& Animals

ALL organisms need to ALL organisms need to convert food into USABLE convert food into USABLE energy!!!energy!!!

Cellular Respiration

• Includes pathways that Includes pathways that require oxygenrequire oxygen

• This is referred to as This is referred to as aerobicaerobic c.r. c.r.

• Breakdown of one glucose Breakdown of one glucose results in results in 36 to 38 ATP36 to 38 ATP molecules molecules

Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration

6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H220 + 36-380 + 36-38ATP’sATP’s

CC66HH1212OO6 6 + 6O+ 6O22

YIELDSYIELDS

What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?

GlycolysisGlycolysis

The Krebs CycleThe Krebs Cycle

The Electron Transport ChainThe Electron Transport Chain

Diagram of the Process

Occurs in Cytoplasm

Occurs in Matrix

Occurs across Cristae

Too little oxygen?? Oh…•When organisms don’t get

enough oxygen to undergo aerobic (with oxygen) cellular respiration, they go through

•Anaerobic cellular respiration aka…

•Fermentation

•Lactic acid fermentation

•Alcoholic fermentation

Rate of Cellular Respiration

•Generate a list of potential variables that could/does affect the rate of cellular respiration

• Come up with a list of at least 4 with your group

To Think About…

• What organisms undergo c.r.?

• Where does the glucose and oxygen come from that is used in c.r.?

• How do organisms get those molecules?

• What happens to the molecules that are produced by c.r.? Where to they go? What/who uses them?

The Carbon Cycle

• Matter cycles through the environment

Carbon Cycle: Night vs. Day

The Carbon Cycle• NASA – Keeping Up with Carbon

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HrIr3xDhQ0E&feature=related

• Crash Course The Hydrologic and Carbon Cycles: Always Recycle! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D7hZpIYlCA

• Carbon Cycle Animation: http://www.kscience.co.uk/animations/carbon_cycle.htm

• The Carbon Cycle Song: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q0-Vj4CQrJ8