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8/10/2019 Introduction to LAN and WAN.pdf
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Introduction Different Networks
LAN MAN
WAN
Internetwork Networking Devices
WAN technologies
Dedicated
circuit switched
packet switched
narrowband - Analog modem, ISDN
broadband - DSL, Cable modem, SONET
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Networks Categories
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Local Area Networks
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Local Area Networks (II)
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Metropolitan Area Network
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Wide Area Networks Connect devices separated by
wide geographical areas Use Carriers.
They use serial connections of
various types to access
bandwidth over largegeographic
Operate at the Physical and
Data Link layers (Layers 1 &2).
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Internetwork
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
WAN Technologies
WAN Technologies OverviewWAN Technologies Overview
Dedicated
• T1, E1, T3, E3
• xDSL
• SONET
Analog
• Dial-up modems
• Cable modems
• Wireless
Switched
CircuitSwitched
• POTS
• ISDN
Packet
Switched
• X.25
• Frame
Relay
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Networking Devices Routers
offer many services, including internetworking and WAN interface ports
Switches
provide connectivity for voice, data, and video communication
Modems
Interface with voice-grade connection to convert analog signal to digital.
Also called CSU/DSUs (channel service units/digital service units) in data
service networks
Represents the DCE side of the DTE/DCE connection
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Circuit Switched: POTS
Plain Old Telephone System (POTS)
also known as Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN) an important component of our communication infrastructure
It is still the standard for designing reliable networks
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Analog data Services Dial-up Modems (switched analog)
Standard that can provides 56 kbps download speed and 33.6 kbps
upload speed.
With the download path, there is a
digital-to-analogue conversion at
the client side. With the upload path, there is a
analogue-to-digital conversion at
the client side.A-to-D conversion
introduces quantization errormaking the overall s/n ratio lower.
Hence, the upload path can not
support a data rate as high as the
download path
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
WAN Data-Link
WAN data link protocols describe how frames are carried between
systems on a single data link. They include protocols designed to operate over dedicated point-to-point,
multipoint, and multi-access switched services.
WAN standards are defined and managed by a number of recognizedauthorities, including the following agencies: ITU-T, ISO, IETF, & EIA
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
WAN Data-Link Encapsulations High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
Cisco default encapsulation; typically used between routers running
Cisco IOS
Streamlined: no windowing or flow control
may not be compatible with different vendors because of the way each
vendor has chosen to implement it.
HDLC supports both point-to-point and multipoint configurations
Frame Relay frame format
uses simplified framing with no error correction mechanisms
send Layer 2 information much more rapidly than other WAN protocols
PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol)
Developed by IETF; replacing SLIP
Contains a field to identify the network layer protocol
PPP can check for link quality during connection establishment
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Digital Subscriber Lines Digital Subscriber Lines (xDSL); the x stands for a family of technologies
The Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
uses most of the bandwidth (up to 8 Mbps) for the downstream and
only a small bandwidth (up to 640 kbps) for the upstream
many Telcos have already installed high-speed digital wide-area
network.
The link between subscribers and network is still analog line from
plain old telephone service lines (POT).
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Cable Modems (Shared Analog) Cable TV provides residential premises with a coaxial cable that has a bandwidth
of 750MHz
The bandwidth is divided into 6 MHz band using FDM for each TV channel A "Cable Modem" is a device that allows high-speed data access (Internet) via
cable TV network.
A cable modem will typically have two connections because a splitter delivers the
TV bands to TV set and the internet access bands to PC via a cable box
The splitter delivers the TV bands to TV set and the internet access bands to PC
via a cable box
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CS341: Introduction to LAN & WAN
Justinian Anatory –Computer and Systems Engineering
Summary
LAN Basics
WAN Basics Circuit Switch Network
POTS, PSTN, ISDN, leased line, majority of voice circuits, GSM
Packet Switch Network X.25, FR, ATM, Ethernet, FastEthernet, ATM (cell switch)
WAN data link
Analog data service, ISDN, ADSL, Cable Model
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