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Introduction toHVO, apremium biobased diesel
Markku Kuronen,Associate, markku.kuronen@nesteoil.com
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Table of contents
1. Neste Oil corp
2. Biobased diesels
3. Fuel Properties
4. Blending properties
5. Emissions
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History ofNeste Oil
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History of Neste Oil
Neste listed on the HelsinkiStock Exchange
Neste Oil spunoff from Fortum
and relisted
Neste wascreated to secure
Finland’s oilsupply
1948 1957
Naantali refinery
1995 1998 2007–2011
Neste and IVOmerge to form
Fortum
1965
Porvoo refinery
2005
Majorinvestments atPorvoo and inSingapore and
Rotterdam
The world’sleading producer
of renewablediesel today andone of the world’sleading base oil
producers
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Neste Oil in brief
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Refining capacity:15 million t/a of
petroleum productsand 2 million t/a ofrenewable diesel
Net sales: €17.9billion (2012)
Listed on theHelsinki Stock
Exchange
Largest owner: theFinnish State
(50.1%)
A refining andmarketing company
focused onpremium-quality
traffic fuels
Operations in 15countries; employs
approx. 5,000people
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Neste Oil’s investments to HVO
NExBTL-projectsLocation Capacity Investment Operational
Porvoo # 1 190,000 t/a EUR 100 million 2007
Porvoo # 2 190,000 t/a > EUR 100 million 2009
Singapore 800,000 t/a EUR 550 million 2010
Rotterdam 800,000 t/a EUR 670 million 2011
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Biobaseddiesels
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Renewable NExBTL – fully compatiblewith fossil diesel
Biodiesel(FAME / RME) Fossil diesel
Renewable diesel(HVO)
e.g. NExBTL
Fischer-Tropsch(BTL)
Raw materialVegetable oils &
animal fats (mainlyrapeseed oil)
Crude oil(mineral oil)
Flexible mix of rawmaterials
(vegetable oils& waste fats)
Biomass
Technology Esterification Traditional refining Hydrotreating Gasification &Fischer-Tropsch
End productEster-based,conventional
biodiesel
Hydrocarbon(gasoline, jet fuel,
diesel)
Bio-basedhydrocarbon
(renewable diesel, jetfuel, bionaphta,
biopropane)
Bio-basedhydrocarbon
(renewable gasoline,jet fuel, diesel)
Chemicalcomposition
OII
H3C-O-C-R
CnH2n+2+ aromatics CnH2n+2 CnH2n+2
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FAME = Fatty Acid Methyl Ester, conventional biodiesel
RME = Rapeseed Methyl Ester, conventional biodiesel
HVO = Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil, advanced biofuel i.e. renewable fuel
BTL = Biomass to Liquid
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HVO and FAMEprocesses
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Hydrotreatment &Isomeration
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Contaminants in the raw material
• Vegetable oils contain impurities (eg. P,Mg, Ca, Fe)
• All impurities have to be efficiently removed in thepretreatment process
• Remaining impurities will be absorbed by thehydrotreatment catalyst
• This would shorten the lifetime of the catalyst
No impurities are left in the end product
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Element
Concentration (mg/kg)all below detectionlimit
Al <0,5Ca <0,1Cr <0,1Cu <0,1Fe <0,1Mg <0,1Mn <0,1Mo <0,1Na <0,5Ni <0,1Pb <0,1V <0,1
Zn <0,1F* <1Cl* <1P* <0.1
*from different HVO batches
Analysis results of 3 samplesNExBTL diesel product
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Waste animal fatfrom the food
industry
Currently used renewable raw materials forHVO production (10 raw materials at themoment)
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FAD: Stearin,palm fatty acid distillate
Waste fat from fishprocessing
industry
Camelina oil Jatropha oil Soybean oil Rapeseed oil
Neste Oil also procures bio-based ethanol from the global market to beused as a bio-component in 95 E10 and 98 E5 gasoline.
Palm oil
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Expanding the feedstock base for HVO
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Algae oil
Microbial oil
Harvestingresidue and
biomass
Non-foodvegetable oils
Waste animalfats, waste oils,residue and side
streams
Short term Long term (2015-)
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Fuelproperties
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Typical fuel propertiesEN 590diesel
(summer)
TS 15940HVO
NExBTL
EN 14214FAME
(rape seed)Density (kg/m3) ≈ 835 ≈ 785 ≈ 885
Cetane number ≈ 53 75 ... 99 ≈ 51
Distillation range (°C) 180 ... 360 180 ... 320 350 ... 370
Heating value (MJ/l) » 35.7 ≈ 34.1… 34.4 ≈ 33.2
Total aromatics (wt-%) ≈ 30 0 0
Oxygen (wt-%) 0 0 ≈ 11Stability Ok Ok Challenge
Ash, metals Ok Ok Challenge
Cold operability Ok Ok Challenge
In diesel fuel (vol-%) ... 30 ... 100 ... 7 (... 10?)
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Properties of diesel fuelsS-freeEN590
diesel fuel
HVO BTLGTL
(even 100 %)
If not ok
Sulfur content OK OK Aftertreatmentoperation
Distillationrange
OK OK Engine oil dilution
Stability OK OK Deposits in fuelsystem
Ash, metals OK OK Aftertreatmentdurability
Cold properties OK OK Fit for purpose allthe year round
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HVO = hydrotreated vegetable oilBTL = bio-to-liquids from biomass by Fischer-TropschGTL = gas-to-liquids from natural gas by Fischer-Tropsch
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Typical properties
• NExBTL is produced from vegetable oils or animalfats via hydrogenation and isomeration.
• NExBTL is free from aromatics, sulphur and metals.• Contains only n- and i-paraffin with carbon number
(C10-C20), distillation mainly 180-320 °C• Lighter than EN590 due of these facts.• Clear and bright, colourless
NExBTL
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Typical properties
• Feedstock has a very little effect toNExBTL properties. Feedstock does nothave an influence the cold properties
• High cetane number > 70.• Viscosity (at 40°C) similar than fossil
diesel (~2.3-3.5 mm2/s)• Production process control flashpoint
(>61 °C) and cold properties• Lubricity additive or FAME (~2 vol%) will
be needed to achieve lubricityrequirement. NExBTL without additiveHFRR is about 650 µm which is similarlike fossil diesel without additive
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Blendingproperties
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Blending properties
• NExBTL can be easily blended with EN590, because NExBTLcontains only n- and i-paraffins similar molecules than in diesel.Same consideration have to be make than blending two fossildiesels (temperature of the fuels, lighter first to bottom etc.)
• By blending NExBTL to diesel you can achieve several benefits• Reduce aromatic and sulphur content and increase cetane
number. Also benefits from distillation (lower end point thanEN590). Cold properties can be tailor made.
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Blending properties
• Same additives (lubricity, conductivity etc) than in mineral dieselcan be used with NExBTL.
• Limitations to EN590 is only density, summer grade ~30 v% ofNExBTL can be blended to have density higher than 820 kg/m3,for arctic grades even 50 v% can be blended (limit min 800 kg/m3)
• Same logistics can be used for HVO than fossil diesel no risk ofcontamination (for example pipelines where JET is transferred)
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Distillation of biofuel blends
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GC distillation for better accuracy near 0 % and 100 %=> Do not compare ⁰C-values to standard distillation
Source: HVO Handbook,http://www.nesteoil.com/binary.asp?GUID=7A041F14-022A-4295-B1E4-1102585F5E3F
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Benefits with blending
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Benefits for blending
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Benefits when blending
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Blending with FAME blends
• NExBTL can be added to EN590 + 7% FAME blend. It isimportant to know quality of the FAME (content of saturatedmonoglycerides) and aromatic content of the mineral diesel.Swedish class 1 (total aromatics max 5 V/V%) can tolerateup to 7 vol% high quality RME, meaning ~20 ppm saturatedmonoglyceride content. Same rule can be used for pureHVO.
• It is not recommended to store NExBTL and FAME in sametank (up to 7%V/V good quality FAME can be blended withNExBTL). FAME’s impurities like saturated monoglyceridesmight precipitate in cold temperature above cloud point inlow aromatic diesels.
• If blending is made in tank farm, it is recommend to blendfirst fossil diesel and NExBTL (chemically close to eachother) and after that FAME is added to final blend.
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Emissions
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Emission with HVO compared toEN590
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GHG reduction
• All the renewable raw materials that Neste Oil uses inrefining offer the users of NExBTL renewable diesel anopportunity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by40–90% compared to fossil diesel.
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Useful info:
• HVO handbook• http://www.nesteoil.com/default.asp?path=1,41,119
91,12243,12335
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Thank you.Markku KuronenMarkku.kuronen@nesteoil.com
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