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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY
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Introduction Your responsibility is to assist an injured or sick
person A basic understanding of human anatomy and
physiology is essential It is important to know the terminology used to
describe aspects of the human body Age groupings are based on commonly used
medical literature vs the age groupings of BLS
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Anatomy and Physiology Anatomy is the study of the body’s structure Physiology is the study of how the body's
systems function and their relationship to the whole Cells Systems Bones Joints Muscles
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Terminology Midline Lateral Medial Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Proximal Distal Prone Semi Prone Supine
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The Cell
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Cells Use oxygen and glucose to produce energy Glucose penetrates the cell mambrane with the
help of insulin Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas Without sufficient insulin, cells cannot function
as they should Brain cells are an exception: glucose can
penetrate without insulin
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Systems of the Body
Musculoskeletal Respiratory Circulatory Nervous Digestive Urinary Endocrine and Reproductive
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Musculoskeletal System
Bones Muscles Joints Connective tissues (Ligaments & Tendons)
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Respiratory System
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Respiratory System
We Inhale We Exhale
78% Nitrogen 78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen 16% Oxygen
0.03% Carbon Dioxide 4.03% Carbon Dioxide
Trace Water Vapour Trace Water Vapour
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Circulatory System
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Nervous System
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Digestive System
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Urinary System Filters and excretes wastes from the blood Helps maintain the balance between water and
various chemicals The urinary system consists of
two kidneys two ureters one urinary bladder one urethra
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The Endocrine and Reproductive System Group of glands which secrete hormones into the blood Hormones regulate metabolism, growth, reproduction
and other body functions The endocrine system includes
pituitary gland thyroid gland parathyroid glands adrenal glands ovaries testes pancreas
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