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INTRO TO
THE ANIMAL
KINGDOM
What is an Animal? Characteristics of All Animals
1. Animals are Multicellular
2. Animals are Eukaryotic
3. Animals are Heterotrophs
4. Animal cells lack cell walls
Evolutionary/Developmental Milestones in Animals
1. Cell specialization and levels of
organization
2. Development of body symmetry and
segmentation
3. Development of an internal body cavity
and tissue layers
Cell Specialization
Cells throughout a multicellular organism can develop in different ways
to perform different tasks.
Levels of Organization
Body Symmetry (3 Types)
1. Radial Symmetry:A body plan in which all body parts of an organism are arranged around a central point
Symmetry in biology is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes. The body plans of most multicellular organisms exhibit some form of symmetry…
Body Symmetry
2. Bilateral Symmetry:a single plane divides the body into two mirror images
Symmetry in biology is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes. The body plans of most multicellular organisms exhibit some form of symmetry…
Body Symmetry
3. Asymmetry:cannot be divided into mirror images
Symmetry in biology is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes. The body plans of most multicellular organisms exhibit some form of symmetry…
Body Symmetry
1. Radial 2. Bilateral 3. Asymmetry
Symmetry in biology is the balanced distribution of duplicate body parts or shapes. The body plans of most multicellular organisms exhibit some form of symmetry…
Body Segmentation
Segmentation of the body allows development of various specialized limbs, such as antennae, pincers, walking legs, claws, wings, etc.
Body Segmentation
Cephalization is the concentration of nervous tissues in one location which eventually produces a head region with sensory organs and a brain.
Tissue Layers & Body Cavity
A body cavity, called a coelom, increases the efficiency of food intake and waste
removal.
Tissue Layer Develops Into
Endoderm digestion and respiration structures
Mesoderm muscles, bones, blood, skin, reproductive organs
Ectoderm skin, brain, nervous system
The Animal Kingdom is divided into two main groups…
Invertebrates & Vertebrates
Porifera
Invertebrates
○Over 95% of all animal species are invertebrates
○There are EIGHT major phyla of invertebrates from the simplest to the most complex…
Invertebrates
PORIFERA (Sponges) CNIDARIAN
Sea Anemone Jellyfish
PLATYHELMINTHES (Flatworms)
NEMATODA(Round Worms)
Planaria Tapeworm Pinworm Hookworm
InvertebratesANNELIDA MOLLUSCA
Earthworm Leech Squid, Snails, Clams, etc.
ARTHROPODA ECHINODERMATA
Crustaceans Spiders Insects Starfish Sea Cucumber Sand Dollar
ANIMAL BODY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Body systems are all interrelated and work together to perform their functions in animals. Body systems can be organized and studied by these four functions:
➢1. REGULATION: Excretory & Nervous Systems
➢2. NUTRIENT ABSORPTION: Respiration, Digestion, & Circulatory Systems
Body systems are all interrelated and work together to perform their functions in animals. Body systems can be organized and studied by these four functions:
➢3. DEFENSE: Immune, Integumentary, Lymphatic, Skeletal, & Muscular Systems
➢4. REPRODUCTION: Reproductive & Endocrine Systems
ANIMAL BODY SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
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