Intro to Respiration An Overview. What are we learning? Why is it important?

Intro to RespirationIntro to Respiration

An OverviewAn Overview

What are we learning?What are we learning?

Why is it important?Why is it important?

Learning Intention: Learning Intention:

Understand how energy is Understand how energy is transformed in the cell to transformed in the cell to useable formsuseable forms

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration: Releases : Releases energy by breaking down glucose energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the and other food molecules in the

presence of oxygen.presence of oxygen.

6O6O22 + C + C66HH1212OO66 6CO6CO2 2 + 6H + 6H22O + EnergyO + Energy

Is anything about this equation familiar???Is anything about this equation familiar???

Almost Almost Everything we Everything we

need to know is need to know is in this in this

organizer!!!organizer!!!

In which organelle does Cellular In which organelle does Cellular Respiration take place?Respiration take place?

The MitochondriaThe Mitochondria

In which organisms does In which organisms does cellular respiration take place? cellular respiration take place?

a.a. PlantsPlantsb.b. AnimalsAnimalsc.c. Both plants Both plants and animalsand animals

The steps of Aerobic The steps of Aerobic RespirationRespiration

What does Aerobic mean? What does Aerobic mean? – In the presence of OxygenIn the presence of Oxygen

3 steps: 3 steps: 1. Glycolysis 1. Glycolysis (doesn’t require O(doesn’t require O22)) 2. Krebs Cycle2. Krebs Cycle 3. Electron Transport Chain3. Electron Transport Chain

GlycolysisGlycolysisGlucose (A six carbon sugar) is Glucose (A six carbon sugar) is broken down into two 3-carbon broken down into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules.pyruvic acid molecules.– Requires two ATP molecules.Requires two ATP molecules.– Creates 4 ATP molecules and 2 Creates 4 ATP molecules and 2

NADPH molecules for the electron NADPH molecules for the electron transport chain.transport chain.

What is the net ATP production during Glycolysis?

In the presence of oxygen… In the presence of oxygen… Pyruvic acid (3 Carbon) from glycolysis is Pyruvic acid (3 Carbon) from glycolysis is further decomposed to Acetyl coA (2 further decomposed to Acetyl coA (2 Carbon molecule)Carbon molecule)

Kreb’s CycleKreb’s CycleAcetyl CoA is converted to COAcetyl CoA is converted to CO22, and , and NADH, ATP, and FADHNADH, ATP, and FADH2 2 are recharged.are recharged.– Occurs in the mitochondria.Occurs in the mitochondria.– The end energy tally from 1 Glucose (2 The end energy tally from 1 Glucose (2

pyruvic acids) is:pyruvic acids) is:6 NADH6 NADH2 FADH2 FADH22

2 ATP2 ATP

What is the main product of the What is the main product of the Kreb’s Cycle that comes from the Kreb’s Cycle that comes from the complete breakdown of glucose ? complete breakdown of glucose ?

Electron TransportElectron Transport

The Krebs Cycle creates high energy The Krebs Cycle creates high energy electrons.electrons.These electrons are passed along a These electrons are passed along a series of proteins in the series of proteins in the mitochondrial membrane.mitochondrial membrane.The electrons from the 6 NADH are The electrons from the 6 NADH are used to form 18 ATP molecules.used to form 18 ATP molecules.The electrons from the 2 FADH2 are The electrons from the 2 FADH2 are used to make 2 ATP molecules.used to make 2 ATP molecules.

One Glucose One Glucose molecule molecule

produces 36 ATP produces 36 ATP through the through the process of process of

Cellular Cellular Respiration!!!Respiration!!!

What if no What if no oxygen is oxygen is

present????present????

FermentationFermentationAn anaerobic respiration meaning An anaerobic respiration meaning that oxygen is not required.that oxygen is not required.Two types of fermentation:Two types of fermentation:– Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation– Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation

Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic FermentationUsed by yeast and a few other Used by yeast and a few other microorganisms.microorganisms.Produces Ethyl Alcohol and COProduces Ethyl Alcohol and CO22 as as wastes.wastes.

Pyruvic Acid + NADHPyruvic Acid + NADH

Alcohol + COAlcohol + CO22 + NAD + NAD++

Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid FermentationProduced in many cells including Produced in many cells including your muscles.your muscles.

Pyruvic Acid + NADHPyruvic Acid + NADH

Lactic Acid + NADLactic Acid + NAD++

Lactic Acid is produced during rapid Lactic Acid is produced during rapid exercise, causing a painful, burning exercise, causing a painful, burning sensation. This effect is reduced with sensation. This effect is reduced with potassium.potassium.

Cellular Respiration of Glucose Cellular Respiration of Glucose Molecule.Molecule.

GlycolysisGlycolysis == 6 ATP6 ATPKrebs Cycle and Electron Transport Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport

ChainChain == 30 ATP30 ATP

Grand Total of 36 ATP molecules from Grand Total of 36 ATP molecules from 1 Glucose!1 Glucose!

Energy and ExerciseEnergy and ExerciseQuick Energy comes from ATP in the Quick Energy comes from ATP in the muscle cell ready for use. muscle cell ready for use. – a few secondsa few secondsLong Term Energy- cellular respiration Long Term Energy- cellular respiration provides energy for at least 20-30 provides energy for at least 20-30 minutes.minutes.– Fermentation occurs more rapidly so it also Fermentation occurs more rapidly so it also

kicks in.kicks in.After 20-30 minutes, other molecules, After 20-30 minutes, other molecules, such as fats or proteins are used for such as fats or proteins are used for energy.energy.

Journal: Journal:

Explain the differences between Explain the differences between aerobic and anaerobic aerobic and anaerobic respiration?respiration?