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11/21/2016
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LANDSCAPESONTHEEDGEAREDIFFERENTINTRODUCTIONTO
LANDSCAPESONTHEEDGE
ElliottMenashe,GreenbeltConsultingwww.greenbeltconsulting.com
design&implementationofprojectsonPugetSoundshorelines&urbanravines
U.W.BOTANICGARDENSCENTERFOR
URBANHORTICULTURENov.15‐16,2016
LANGLEY,WHIDBEYISLAND,2012
DIFFERENTRULESAPPLY
thingshappenontheedge
Landscaping ontheEdgeNeedstobeDifferent
Greenbank,WhidbeyIsland
thereare4majorfactorswhichmakeliving&landscapingontheedgedifferent
4.Regulatory&permitconsiderations.
1.Influencesofshoreline&riparianprocesses,geology,soils,hydrology&erosion.
2.Results&impactsofpastpropertydevelopment,currentmanagement&landscapingpractices.
3.Conditionswithinthewatershed.
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EDMONDS,SNOHOMISHCO,Feb2014,WA.SEAGRANTPHOTO
whereland&watermeet– thelandchanges
EROSION&LANDSLIDESAREAFACTOFLIFEthroughoutthePugetSoundregion
HATISLAND,SNOHOMISHCO.&THREEFINGERS
thelandscapehasbeenerodingsincethelastglacierreceded
WESTBEACH,WHIDBEYIS
shorelinesaretemporaryplaces
beforeEuropeansettlement‐‐‐‐PugetSoundlookedsomethinglikethis
EDBOOKPHOTOHOODCANAL,DABOB&QUILCENEBAYS
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conifers
understoryplantsshrubs&
groundcoversmosses
lichens
forestfloorduff
broad‐leavedtrees
manylayers
createdaredundant“FAIL‐SAFE”
systemwhichreduced
thecreationof
stormwaternurselogs
mid‐canopy
upper‐canopy
forestsoils&fungi
snags
TREE CANOPY
SHRUBS
&FORESTFLOORGROUNDCOVERS
TRANSPIRATION
TREECANOPY
TONGASSNATIONALFOREST
DAY
SHRUBS
FUNDAMENTALLY,FORESTSPROTECTLANDFROMEROSION&LANDSLIDESINTWOBASICWAYS
by providing
HydrologicBenefitsMINIMIZES STORMWATER. REDUCES SURFACE RUNOFF, SOIL SATURATION & EROSION
and through
Mechanical & StructuralSoil ReinforcementSHRUB &TREE ROOTS ANCHOR SOIL BLOCKS,HOLD SOIL PARTICLES,MAINTAIN SOIL STRUCTURE & RESIST SOIL EROSION DISCOVERYBAY,JEFFERSONCO SKAGITCOUNTY
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treerootsholdingalargesoilparticle
GLACIALERRATIC,SKAGITCOUNTYLOWLANDFOREST
soil&vegetationfilterpollutants
&protectmarinewaters
VEGETATIONONSHORELINESISIMPORTANT
vegetationreduceserosion
Greenbank,WhidbeyIslandJOHNSTONESTRAIT,BC
COUPEVILLE,WHIDBEYISLAND
CONVENTIONALSITEDEVELOPMENTIMPAIRSTHE“FAIL‐SAFE”SYSTEM
forestvegetation&organicsoils
arecleared&graded..
forestcanopy
interceptionislost
evapotranspiration&hydraulicredistribution
isreduced
structuralreinforcementfromrootsislost
topsoilsareremoved.
sub‐soilsarecompacted.
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GOOD SOILISLIKEASPONGE
soilcompactionsqueezesthesponge
impairsdrainage&infiltration
reducesplantvigor&increasesstress
landscapersofteninheritsiteswithpoorsoilconditions
impedesrootpenetration
lawnsareinstalledovergraded&compactedsoils
MOREWATER +LESS WATERSTORAGE=INCREASEDSTORMWATER
POSSESSIONPOINTESTATES,CLINTON,WHIDBEYISLAND
LAWNSOVERCOMPACTEDSOILS
LESSRAINFALLINTERCEPTION&EVAPO‐TRANSPIRATIONBYPLANTS
LESSINFILTRATIONCAPABILITY&WATER‐HOLDINGCAPACITYOFSOIL
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creationofstormwaterresultsinlargevolumesofsurfacewaterrunoff
whichcausesorcontributestosurfaceerosion
soilsaturation
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landslides
andpropertyloss
BUSHPOINTWHIDBEYISLAND
CITYOFSHORELINE,KINGCOUNTY
……andcanleavelandscaperswithsomechallengingsituations
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UrbanCreeks&Ravines
STEVERINGMAN,SEATTLETIMES
LONGFELLOWCREEK,WESTSEATTLE
SIMPLIFIEDSTREAM‐FLOWGRAPH
after development
beforedevelopment
TIMEAFTERRAINSTORM
DISCHARGEVOLUME
resultsinincreasedstormwater
higherpeakflow
resultsinincreasedfloodingofurbanravines&creeks
uplandstormwaterrunoff
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CONFUSESSPAWNINGSALMON
HarleySoltes/SeattleTimes
CHUMSALMON,SKOKOMISHRIVER,MASONCO
URBANRAVINE,NWSEATTLE Photo:USGSLANDSLIDEHAZARDSPROGRAM
contributestoravineerosion&propertydamage
anddischargeofpollutedrunoffintoPugetSound
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HOODCANAL,JEFFERSONCOUNTY
clearingtheuplands&slopesfortheperfecthomesite,lawn
&view…..
HUGHSHIPMANPHOTO
…..maynotbethebestplan
Thelesswealter
watershedhydrologyduring
development
Thelessweneedtospendforstormwater&erosioncontrol,mitigation&slope
stabilization
Forested – lessthan1%surfacewaterrunoffisgenerated
Cleared‐ 20‐30%runoff
1%
20‐30% =20‐30TIMESMORERUNOFF
saturatedsoils,bluffseepage&surfacerun‐offincreaselandslides&slopefailures
20‐30times morerunoff fromrainfallcanhavesignificantcumulativeeffects
COLUMBIABEACH,CLINTON,WA
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PUGETSOUNDWATERSHED
NASALandsatImageryofPugetSound
PUGETSOUNDWATERSHED
21SEPARATEWATERSHEDSUB‐BASINS
(ACCORDINGTOTHE
ENCYCLOPEDIAOF
PUGETSOUND)
https://www.eopugetsound.org/
weallliveinawatershed
SUBURBANDEVELOPMENT
cumulativeimpacts?
1%
30%
LAKESAMMAMISH
wecannolongeraffordtraditionallandscaping
COUGARMOUNTAIN,EASTKINGCOUNTY
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WENEEDTODEVELOPAWATERSHEDPERSPECTIVEtoreduceerosion&protectPugetSound
PUGETSOUND
HydrologicCycle
HOODCANAL,KITSAPCOUNTY
WADEPTOFECOLOGYCOASTALATLAS
DEVELOPMENT,MANAGEMENT&LANDSCAPEPRACTICESNEEDTOBEVIEWEDWITHINAWATERSHEDCONTEXT
Itisimportanttorealizethatwhathappenshere
canimpactshorelineproperties
affectsPugetSound
NATIONALMARINEFISHERIESSERVICE,SEATTLE
thereismoreatstakewhenyouliveontheedge……ornearit
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andalottoloseifthehealthofPugetSounddeclines
Elliott’s
REGULATIONS&PERMITS
SOWHATCANWEDONOW?
wecan’tbringbacktheold‐growthforests
butweCAN replacesomelostfunctionsthroughimprovedmanagementpractices
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GIGHARBOR,KITSAPCOUNTY
youcanworkwithyourclientstoimprovelandscapepractices
helpthemdevelopamoreinformedaesthetic
evaluate the property
Source:WA.STATEDOECOASTALATLASNORMANDYPARK,KINGCOUNTY
HATISLAND,SNOHOMISHCO
knowyoursite
Existingwoods
MapTheProperty&LandscapeCharacteristics
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IDENTIFY,ASSESS&MITIGATEPROBLEMS
stormwater?impervioussurfaces?drainagecontrol?soilerosion?hydrology?
slopeinstability?landslides?waveattack?
invasiveplants?off‐siteinfluences?
WHICHISSUESARETHE
MOSTIMPORTANT?
Upland‐ Slope‐ Shore
UncontrolledStormwaterRun‐off
HUGHSHIPMANPHOTO
PoorStormwaterSystem
suitlandscapedesign&plantingstofitexistingconditions
ORCASISLAND
don’tfightthesite!
TOPROTECTSHORELINESFROMSURFACEWATERRUNOFF,EROSION&LANDSLIDES–
HydrologicBenefitsREDUCING STORMWATERRUN-OFF, SURFACE EROSION, SILTATION, SEDIMENTATION & SOIL SATURATION.
Mechanical Soil ReinforcementSHRUB &TREE ROOTS HOLD SOIL, RESIST SOIL EROSION & MINIMIZESHALLOW LANDSLIDES
LANDSCAPINGSHOULDPROVIDE
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thecumulativebenefitswill helpprotectTHEPROPERTY&PUGETSOUND
PLANTBUFFERS
SHRINKTHELAWN
reduceareasofbaresoil
REPLACETHEFUNCTIONS&VALUESOF
NATIVEFORESTSLOSTDURINGDEVELOPMENT
RESTORESLOPEVEGETATION&IMPROVEVIEWMANAGEMENT
controlinvasiveplants
Himalayan Blackberry
Scot’s Broom
English IvyButterfly BushThistle
CONTROLINVASIVEPLANTS
GOODFORSLOPESTABILITY(andyourclients)
GOODFORWATERQUALITY
GOODFORWILDLIFE
PLANTFORMULTIPLELAYERS
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REDUCEUSEOFHERBICIDES&FERTILIZERS
alotofitendsupinPugetSound
BLAKELYISLAND
encourageyourclientstochooseadistinctlyregionallandscapestyle
featuringnativePugetLowlandspecies&plantcommunities
several hundred species of ornamental native groundcovers&shrubs in the Puget Lowlands
PacificNinebark
NootkaRose
WaxMyrtle
Huckleberry
MockOrange
PacificRhododendron
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THEREAREMANYRESOURCESAVAILABLE
EDUCATION,GUIDANCE&INCENTIVESPROGRAMS
thingsarechangingonthe
shoreline
YourMarineWaterfront
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VISITTHEELISABETHC.MILLERLIBRARY
Theyhavesetupafinedisplay
BALDHIPROSE&SNOWBERRY,SHORELINEGARDEN
ElliottMenashe,GreenbeltConsulting
TIMEFORABREAK
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ELLSWORTHCREEKPRESERVE,ILWACO,WAphoto:NATURECONSERVANCY
forestedwatershedsub‐basin
THEREISOFTENATIMEDELAYBETWEENCAUSE&EFFECT
thisdelayoftenpreventsusfromknowinghowtheresultsofouractionswillaffectuslater
DEEPFOREST,Mural,2009.JuneauCampus,UofAk,byRayTroll
FromtheforeststotheSounditwasallconnected……
itstillis
….butnotaswell
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