Intraguild predation by Harmonia axyridis - Invasive...

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

Intraguild predation by Harmonia axyridis

Louis HAUTIER

BiologicalBiological ControlControl andand

Plant Plant Genetic ResourcesGenetic Resources

CheminChemin dede LirouxLiroux, 2, 2

BB--5030 Gembloux 5030 Gembloux -- BelgiumBelgium

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas

� Ladybird native of Far East

� Introduction for biological control� North America (1916 - 1982)

� Greece

� Portugal

� Belgium (1997)

� ….

and ESTABLISHMENT in� North America (1988)

� Belgium (2001)

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas

Belgium distribution of H. axyridis in 2001 (GT Coccinula data)

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas

Belgium distribution of H. axyridis in 2004 (GT Coccinula data)

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas

� Why this fast invasion ?

Good colonizer and very competive species:

� Wide trophic niche

� Phenotypic plasticity

� Strong dispersal capacity

� High voracity => Intraguild Predation

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2. Intraguild Predation (IGP)

« Killing and eating of species that use similar ressources »

GUILD

Predator BPredator A

Prey

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2. Intraguild Predation (IGP)

� IGP = competition + predation or parasitism

� Double benefits :� Suppresion of a competitor

� Immediate energy gain

� Very frequent in aphidophagous guild:� Aphid colonies are transients food ressources

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3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� Assessment of IGP between H. axyridisand A. bipunctata

� In Petri Dish, to put together larva L4 (starved during 24h) with eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� In Petri Dish, to put together larva L4 (starved during 24h) with eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4

� 30 minute behavior observation according to ethogramme (Yasuda et al., 2001), 20 repetitions

� Mortality observation after 30 minutes and 24 h

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3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� Predation rate : H. axyridis – A. bipunctata

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Eggs L1 L2 L3 L4

Pre

datio

n ra

te (

%)

H. axyridis => A. bipunctata A. bipunctata => H. axyridis

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3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� Mortality rate : H. axyridis – A. bipunctata

EggsL1

L2L3

L4

H. axyridis

A. bipunctata0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mo

rtal

ity

rate

(%

)

After 30 minutes

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� Mortality rate : H. axyridis – A. bipunctata

After 24 h

EggsL1

L2L3

L4

H. axyridis

A. bipunctata0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Mo

rtal

ity

rate

(%

)

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� L4 H. axyridis vs L1 A. bipunctata

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� L4 H. axyridis vs L1 A. bipunctata

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� L4 H. axyridis vs L4 A. bipunctata

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3. IGP assesment in laboratory

� IGP by H. axyridis vs A. bipunctata is� symmetric for egg instar

� asymetric for larvae instars

� IGP by H. axyridis was also recorded in laboratory towards (Koch, 2003):� others ladybird species (Adonia variegata,

Coleomegilla maculata, Coccinella septempunctata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Propylea japonica, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata)

� lacewing species (Chrysoperla carnea)

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4. IGP observations in field condition

� In Belgium potato field : IGP between H. axyridis and C. septempunctata

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4. IGP observations in field condition

� Coccinellid phenology in potato fields

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

4,5

5

18/6 25/6 2/7 9/7 16/7 23/7 30/7 6/8 13/8

aphi

ds/le

af

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

num

ber

of c

occi

nelid

larv

ae

C. 7-punctata P. 14-punctata A. bipunctataH. axyridis Aphids/leaf

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

5. Impacts of H. axyridis invasion

� Ladybird monitoring in 2003 and 2005 in Brussels (SAN MARTIN and OTTART, ULB)

2003

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70H

arax

y

Ada

bip

Ada

dec

Cal

qua

Cal

dec

Exo

qua

Hal

sed

Oen

con

Pro

qua

Abu

ndan

ce (

%) Tilia

Acer

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70H

arax

y

Ada

bip

Ada

dec

Cal

qua

Cal

dec

Exo

qua

Hal

sed

Oen

con

Pro

qua

Abu

ndan

ce (

%) Tilia

Acer

2005

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques

6. Conclusion

� The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle, H. axyridis, acts as an intraguild predator of native aphidophaga and has the potential to reduce the abundance of ladybird offspring.

� But today, it is difficult to say if H. axyridiswill lead to displacement of native species in some of Belgium habitats.

� In view of this invasion, it appear urgent to build a regulation framework and to use a risk assessment before the import and the release all exotic biological control agents.

Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques