View
262
Download
1
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
1/22
INTONATIONThe Structure of the Tone Unit, & Functionof Intonation
Presented by Group 7
Khalimin (201312500235) Trio Aji Basuki (201312500374)
Wiwi Sumarti (201312500392) !tno "tari (20131250039#)$ajri%ah (20131250044#) Siti Si&a "l%a (20131250079#)Siti 'urholiah (2013125009#7) *!na Asania (201312570020 )
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
2/22
Tone unit and the structure of
tone unit: Tone: Tone is the overall behaviour of pitch.
Pitch: Pitch is frequency of vibration of
vocal cords.
Tone unit:For the purpose of analyzing
intonation, a unit greater than syllable one
syllable. Usually tone unit is always
composed of more than one syllable.
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
3/22
Analysis of Utterances to Understand
Tone Unit
ne syllable utterance
!ou
This is one tone unit.
ote! Underlined syllable carry tone.
Three Syllable Utterance
"s it you"
This is one tone unit.
ote! the underlined syllable have more prominence.
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
4/22
The structure of the tone-unit.
The structure of tone unit comprises of!
Tonic syllable #T$%
&ead #&%
Pre'&ead #P&%
Tail #T%.
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
5/22
Tonic syllable is an obligatory component of tone unit. Thecentre of the unit, around which everything else is constructed,is the tonic syllable, or nucleus.
For e#a$ple:(ohn, is it you)
"n this e*ample, there are two tone units because there are, two
tonic syllables in it. First is (ohn, one syllable utterance%second is it you) #Three syllable utterance%. "t contains a high degree of prominence which is a property of
stressed syllable, so, tonic syllable contains.
Tone % Stress:
Tonic stress: The stress that tonic syllable is having is calledtonic stress.
Tonic Syllable
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
6/22
' 'A(
The head is all that part of a tone unit that e*tends from the first stressed syllable up to the tonisyllable.
For e#a$ple:
+ive me, those) &ead T$
"f there is no stressed syllable proceeding the tonic syllable, thercannot be any head.
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
7/22
T' P)'*'A(
The unstressed syllable before the head is called pre'head.For e#a$ple
"n an hour
Pre'head T$
Pre'head can be found in two situations. hen there is no head.
For e#a$ple:
"n an hour
P& T$
hen the head is after the unstressed syllable.
For e#a$ple:
"n a little less than an, hour
P& & T$
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
8/22
T' TAI+
-ny syllable that follows the tonic syllable or any syllablebetween tonic syllable and of tone unit is called the Tail.
For e#a$ple:
oo/ at it
T$ Tail
" might buy it
& T$ Tail
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
9/22
Attitudinal function
Accentual function
Grammatical function
Discourse function
Functions of Intonation
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
10/22
Intonation enables us to express emotion and attitudes as we
speak, and this adds a special kind of meaning to spokenlanguage,
We can isolate three distrinct types of suprasegmental
ariable !component of intonation" #
$e%uential
&rosodic
paralinguistic
Attitudinal function
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
11/22
$e%uential component
'omponents neer occur simultaneously (hey are# pre)head, head, tonic syllable, tail &auses (one)unit boundaries
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
12/22
&rosodic component
'haracteristics of speech that are constantlypresent while the speech is going on#) Width of pitch range) *ey
) +oudness) $peed) oice %uality
) !rhythmicality"
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
13/22
&aralinguistic component
-acial expressions, gestures, body language ocal effects# laughs, sobs, ... /ffects releant to the act of speaking but not
proper components of speech
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
14/22
(he following tones are the ones most usually encountered. -all 0ise 1 fall
-all 1 rise 0ise +eel
Tones conveying meanings
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
15/22
It is regarded as neutral tone and gies theimpression of finality.
Example:A# 2ae you attended the class3
4# 5es
!It will be understood that the %uestion is nowanswered and that there is nothing more to besaid."
- Fall
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
16/22
(his tone coneys an impression that something more is to follow.
For example:
A# !wishing to attract 4$ attention."/xcuse me.
4#5es!4$ reply is, perhaps, e%uialent to what do you want3"
A# Do you know 6ohn $mith34#5es!Initing A to continue with what she intends to say about
6ohn $mith. (he response with a fall would make it difficultfor A to continue".
.- )ise
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
17/22
This tone shows limited agreement, uncertainty,and doubt.
For e#a$ple:
-! " have heard that it0s a good college.1! 2es
#1 does not completely agree and - wouldprobably e*pect 1 to go on to e*plain why hewas reluctant to agree%.
/- Fall rise
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
18/22
(his is used to coney rather strong feelings of approal,
disapproal or surprise. (his tone is used rarely in /nglish.
A# 5ou wouldnt do on awful thing like
that, would you34# 7o
A# Isnt the iew loely8
4# 5es
0- )ise Fall
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
19/22
1- +e2el
This tone is neutral and uninterested.
&igh level 2es o
ow level 2es o
"t is used in 3nglish language in a restricted conte*t. "talmost always conveys a feeling of routine,uninteresting or boring.
For e#a$ple:
- teacher calling names of the pupils from a register.
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
20/22
Intonation helps to produce the effect of
prominence on syllables that should be perceied
as stressed while tonic stress on a particular
syllable marks the word as the most important in
the tone)unit.
Accentual function
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
21/22
(he listener better recogni9es grammar and what is
being said by using the information contained in
intonation# e.g. placement of boundaries between
phrases, clauses and sentences, difference between
%uestions and statements, use of grammaticalsubordination, etc.
Grammatical function
7/24/2019 Intonation (The Structure of the Tone Unit, & Function of Intonation) - Phonology
22/22
Intonation can signal to the listener what is to be
taken as :new information; within the act of
speaking, when the speaker is indicating a contrast
or link with the material from preious tone)units
and it can also make the listener feel what kind ofresponse is expected
Discourse function
Recommended