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INTERNSHIP REPORT
SHAHEEN PHARMACEUTICALS
Specialization: Human Resource Management
Submitted To:
Chairman
Department Of Business Administration
Submitted By:
Name: Ziad Hussain
Roll #: W584559
Registration #: 07NST0019
Mailing Address: Village & GPO
Ghalagay, Tehsil Barikot, Distt.
Swat, N.W.F.P. Pakistan
Contact No. (Res.) 0946 753025
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Cell: 0346 9488665
Email:daizhus s ain004@ yahoo.com
Date of Submission: 20-09-2009
ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praises and thanks are for ALMIGHTY ALLAH who is entire source of
all knowledge and wisdom to mankind.
Special praises for the HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (P.B.U.H) who forever is touch of knowledge and
goodness for humanity as a whole on the successful completion of the project. I would like to
acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to academic assistance of my best teacher
Mr. Mujeeb
Alam, without his continued guidance and timely advice the completion of this
report would have been difficult. He has been a source of continuous encouragement
throughout the execution of my internship period.
Words cannot say the gratitude that we feel for our parents, friends and the members of my family
whose affection and prayers have always been the key to my success.
I applaud the nice company of my best and true friends Mr. Sir Zamin Khan,
Mr. Riaz and all the class fellows during the past few months of MBA studies. I will
always remember my association and affinities with all of them and treasure the
good days and happy moments spent with them.
Finally I am also very thankful to all members ofShaheen
Pharmaceuticals, with out their guidance and help, it will be impossible for me to
complete my internship. I am thanking the management ofShaheen
Pharmaceuticals for rewarding me such a great experience during my stay.
Thanks to all who helped me in completing my project.
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I
Table of Contents:
COVER PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I
TABLE OF CONTENT
II
LIST OF TABLES & ILLUSTRATIONS
IV
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
V
1
OBJECTIVES OF STUDYING THE ORGANIZATION
1
2
INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION
2
3
OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION
4
3.1
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
5
4
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
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6
5
HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESSS IN ORGANIZATION
8
5.1
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING & FORECASTING
10
5.1.1
HRP PROCESS
11
5.1.2
FORECASTING HR REQUIREMENTS
13
5.1.3
METHODS FORECAST HR NEEDS
13
5.2
EMPLOYEES RECURITMENT & SELECTION
15
5.2.1
SOURCES OF CANDIDATES
17
5.2.1.1 INTERNAL SOURCES
17
5.2.1.2 EXTERNAL SOURCES
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18
5.3
TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
19
5.3.1
TRAINING NEED ASSESSMENT
19
5.3.2
EMPLOYEES DEVELOPMENT
20
5.4.
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
22
5.4.1
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS & EXPECTATION
23
5.4.2
HOW PERFORMANCE REPORTS ARE WRITTEN
23
5.5
EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION & BENEFITS
25
5.5.1
TYPES OF COMPENSATION & BENEFITS
26
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5.6
ORGANIZATIONAL CARRER MANAGEMENT
29
5.6.1
EMPLOYEE JOB CHANGES
30
5.7
JOB CHANGES WITHIN ORGANIZATION
31
5.7.1
PROMOTIONS
32
II
5.7.2
TRANSFERS
32
5.7.3
DEMOTIONS
33
5.7.4
SEPARATION
34
5.7.4.1 LAYOFF
35
5.7.4.2 TERMINATION
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36
5.7.4.3 RESIGNATION
37
5.7.4.4 RETIREMENT
38
6
LABOUR MANAGEMENT RELATION
39
7
SWOT ANALYSIS (STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS
FOCUSING ON THE HRM PROCESS IN THE ORGANIZATION
41
8
MAIN WEAKNESS OF THE ORGANIZATION
44
9
RECOMMENDATION
45
10
CONCLUSION
47
11
REFERENCES
49
12
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ANNEXES/APPENDICIES
51
A-01
APPOINTMENT LETTER
A-02
INTERNSHIP CERTIFICTAE
A-03
MONTHLY EMPLOYEES STRENGHT REPORT
A-04
EMPLOYEES WAGES & SALARY REPORT
A-05
EMPLOYEES ABSENTEESM REPORT
A-06
EMPLOYEES TRAINING RECORD
A-07
EMPLOYEES TRAINING SCHEDULE
A-08
EMPLOYEES PERSONAL FILE CHECKLIST
A-09
EMPLOYEES WAGE & SALARY RECORD
A-10
EMPLOYEE SALARY SLIP
A-11
EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND RECORD
A-12
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RECRUITMENT & APPOINTMENT PROCESS
III
LIST OF FIGURES & ILLUSTRATION
FIGURES
Figure 1
Structure of HR Department
6
Figure 2
Shaheen traditional style of management
9
Figure 3
Shaheen modern projectized style of management 9
Figure 4
Human Resource Planning Process
11
Figure 5
Forecasting Techniques
13
Figure 6
Estimating internal labor supply
14
Figure 7
Sources of Recruitment
15
Figure 8
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Stages of Recruitment
16
Figure 9
Sources of Candidates
17
Figure 10
Performance Management Cycle
22
Figure 11
Employees Categories
25
Figure 12
Composition of Salary
27
TABLES
Table 1
Table showing current and needed staff level
12
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
IV
Irrespective of the size or objectives of an organisation, the most valuable resource it possesses is its
workforce. Without workers who are both efficient and effective, the long-term success of an
organisation cannot be assured. The human resource of an organisation is its entire workforce from
managing director to part-time cleaner. Each person is employed to perform specified functions which
play their part in the overall success or failure of an organisation.
It is the human resources employed by an organisation which generate wealth through the provision of
services or the production of goods. Consequently, just as machinery and buildings need to be protected
if they are to work properly, time and care must be taken if an organisation is to secure and retain the
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To put suggestions & recommendations to further improve the
activities of HR Department of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals.
And finally to prepare an internship report in the light of observation I
found and recommendation I forwarded to the management of Shaheen
Pharmaceuticals.
1
2
INTRODUCTIION OF THE ORGANIZATION
I have selected Shaheen Pharmaceuticals, for my internship study in this report. Mr. Syed Karim founded
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals in March 2004 in Pakistan. Its Registered Marketing Office is situated at
Peshawar while its main manufacturing plant is present 3 Km from Saidu Sharif, Swat.
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals presents more than 50 products to the market. Nowadays, Shaheen
Pharmaceutical is a leading ISO 9001:2000 certified firm in pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan with over
350 employees and covers all four provinces of Pakistan.
OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS
The basic objective of the company is to produces high quality medicine at cheap price by using latest
technology and highly technical staff. To achieve this goal the company adopted GLP, cGMP, GWP and
ISO 9001:2000 rules and regulation and continuously improving their management and marketing tasks.
There are various functional department present in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals and includes Production
Department (consist of Manufacturing Department, Packing Department, Drying Section, Granulation &
Mixing Section, Dispensing Areas, Tablet, Capsule, Dry Suspension & Liquid Sections), Quality Control
Laboratories, Quality Assurance, R&D Departments, Warehouses (Finished, Inprocess, Quarantine &
Rejection Areas), Finance Department, Marketing Department, Inventory Control Department.
PRODUCTS OFFERED
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals are offering different types of product to the market,
which includes.
Antibiotics
Anti histamines
Antifungal
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2
Cardiovascular products
Iron supplement products
Foliate supplement products
Anti-inflammatory , Analgesics and Antipyretic products
H2 Receptor antagonist
Hepatic protective products.
3
3
OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is one the famous and reputed pharmaceuticals with more than 350
employees belong from different regions. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals has achieved the distinction of
being the first organization in the SWAT Valley, which achieved ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management
Certification from one of the famous and recognized organization IIC which have a registered head office
in Dubai, U.A.E. and approved from Joint Accreditation System of Australia-New Zealand (JAS- ANZ) in
2007. Shaheen in recent years initiated implementation of the HR reforms in a structured manner.
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals has successfully launched its HR development process at the beginning which
was aligned to the new organization knowledge, skill and competencies needs.
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals have a traditional management style i.e. functional departments are present
to perform various organization activities. A list of these functional departments is shown in
organogram.
LOCATIONS OF OFFICES
Shaheen Pharmaceutical marketing office is present in Peshawar while
Manufacturing Plant is present in Swat. The addresses of these offices are as below:
Factory & Head office:
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals3-Km, Murghzar Road , Saidu Sharif
Swat , N.W.F.P
Pakistan
Marketing offices:
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STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
Shaheen Pharmaceuticals follows bureaucratic style for their HR Department activities i.e. all major
activities are concentrated to one position which means that only one person is holding major activities
of HR Department. The HR department of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals are composed of 3 main segments.
They are
Employee services
Employees Services
Staffing &
Compensation
OD & Effectiveness
Shaheen HR Core
Competency
Figure 1
6
o
Payroll Information
o
Leave and Medical Record
o
Final Settlements
o
Policies and Procedures
o
Employees Record and Recreation
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OD and Effectiveness
o
Training plan
o
Talent Management
o
Performance Management
o
Employees Retentation
o
Orientation & Employee Communication
Staffing and Compensation
o
Staffing Plan and HR Budgeting
o
Management Trainee and Internship Program
o
Interviewing and Selection
o
Compensation, Benefits and Incentive
7
5
HUMAN RESOURCE PROCESS IN THE ORGANIZATION
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Shaheen is basically a functional organization with functional departments covering Finance, Production,
R&D, Quality Control & Quality Assurance, and Marketing & Distribution. Having more than 20 Years
experience in the field of Marketing & Distribution, Shaheen was formed by the founder & present CEO
Dr. Syed Karim in 2004-05 as a fourth pharmaceutical in SWAT valley. Mr. Rashid which has an
experience of 15 years was appointed as consultant and head of HR Department. At the beginning the
management of Shaheen uses traditional techniques such as interviews to select candidates for various
jobs. Now the traditional way of appointing the employees are changed and some of modern techniques
such as filling a short questionnaire along with interviews are used to select the candidates.
Shaheen makes a great change in their working style and nowadays Shaheen is converting itself into
more projectized style than traditional hierarchy style but the management of Shaheen still uses the old
tradition of interviewing.
8
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Top Management
Top Management
Functional Department
1
Functional Department
1
Functional Department 1
Functional Department 1
Functional Department 1
Functional Department 1
Figure 2
Project 2
Project 2
Project 3
Project 3
Project 1
Project 1
Top
Management
Top
Management
Shaheen Traditional Style of Management
Shaheen Modern Projectized Style of Management
Figure 3
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5.1
HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING & FORCASTING
Planning & Forecasting in the modern age is a matter of life & death for organizations of modern age.
The same is true for pharmaceuticals industry. Each & every consecutive day new research product is
developed, deployed for trails & testing. All these effort require skilful, trained and experienced
workforce. It is for this reason organization plan and forecast for human resource so as to remain
competitive.
The management of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals also uses planning &
forecasting procedures to cope with human resource requirement but these
Project 2
Project 2
Project 3
Project 3
Project 1
Project 1
Top
Management
Top
Management
9
planning are usually of short term. As a result when the management of Shaheen open there Liquid
Section, they faces a serious shortage of skillfull, trained & experienced workforce. Although the
management strongly believes that employees are there supreme strength. But they are not adequately
planning to anticipate the future need.
5.1.1HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING PROCESS
The HR Planning Process of Shaheen is shown in the following Figure.
10
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Shaheen HR Planning are usually of short time in nature usually of 4 to 6 months. Because of shortage of
skill workers and because of the presence of pharmaceutical industries in the SWAT Valley, the
competition is very high so the HR Department of Shaheen continuously looking for skill workers. For
this purpose Shaheen scan internal environment to find out suitable employee and promote to fill the
vacancy, if there are no such employees available, then HR Department scan external environment for
skilled and experienced employees. As a result it is found the HR Department minimally interviewed 2
3 candidates daily, most of these interviewed candidates are called 3 to 4 months later of which almost
60 - 70% get jobs else where and only 30 - 40% available. Once the internal environment along with
external environment is scanned, a draft forecast is prepared. There are no forms for this purpose
Shaheen uses, instead Shaheen only colleted CVs and credentials for future need with HR comments
written on it.
Shaheen uses surveys to find out the present employees, their strength and
experience and then find out the no of required employees in near future. This gives
Shaheen Objectives & Strategies
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the organization the ability to cope with future need of employees. But the same is not true for high
level employees such as Pharmacists, Chemists, Analysts, Officers & Managers. Shaheen does not have a
valid planning for higher level officers. As a result there is always a shortage of skilled, technical &
experienced top level officers as indicated by the following table.
No.
Ranks
Available Required
1
Managers
07
10
2
Chemist
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01
03
3
Pharmacists
03
07
4
Ware House Officers
02
03
5
Accounts Sections
03
05
6
Godown Staff
03
05
7
Inventory Control
02
06
8
Production Officers
02
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Despite the availability of vary sophisticated techniques, forecasting in Shaheen is still subjective
judgment. The facts are some times evaluated and weighed by knowledgeable individuals, such as
managers and HR experts, and some times not.
5.1.3 METHODS OF FORECASTING HUMAN RESOURCE NEEDS
HR at Shaheen uses 2 method when forecast the human resource need using judgmental methods and
mathematical methods. Although Shaheen uses these two types of model, the management still do not
know the model and the difference between them.
In Judgmental Techniques, Shaheen uses Estimates which are both top-down and bottom-up, but mainly
the HR & Management teams combinely interviewed the top level employees who are in a position to
know that How many people will they need next year to cop with employees shortage and to increase
productivity. After obtaining responses, the HR prepare forecast sheet and submit it to chief executive
for approval.
While In Mathematical methods, extensively used for lower level worker, Shaheen uses Productivity
ratios which calculate the average number of units produced per employee. These averages are then
applied to forecasts to determine the number of employees needed. For example when Shaheen
launches new product (Preston Tablets, Normidol Suspension & Olox Tablets in April 2009) the
Shaheen Forecasting Techniques
Judgmental Techniques
Mathematical
Figure5
Estimates
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Personnel needs;
The supply of outside candidates according to their company requirements.
Internal
Sources
External
Recruitment
Sources of
Recruitment
Figure 7
15
By the utilization of their resources, firstly it is checked that either there is any job placement or
company is expending their business so that new jobs are open for new candidates. These issues are
tackled by the HR Manger. If staff is required then company tries to find them inside the company by
upgrading their employees if it not possible then new jobs are created and fill by the outside market.
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The overall aims of the recruitment and selection process in Shaheen are to obtain, at minimum cost,
the number and quality of employees required to satisfy the needs of staff requirement. The three
stages of recruitment and selection in Shaheen are:
Defining requirements: Preparing job descriptions and
specifications; deciding terms and conditions of employment;
Attracting candidates: Reviewing and evaluating alternative sources
of applicants, inside and outside the company, advertising;
Selecting candidates: Sifting applications, interviewing, testing,
assessing candidates, offering employment, obtaining references;
preparing contracts of employment.
Stages of Recruitment
Defining Requirements
Attracting Candidates
Selecting Candidates
Figure 8
5.2.1 SOURCES OF CANDIDATES
There are various source available for the recruitment of potential candidates,
which are broadly divided in two categories.
Internal Sources
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External Sources
5.2.1.1
INTERNAL SOURCES
First choice which Shaheen mostly utilize is internal source. When some new
post is created or some post is vacant due to termination, resigning and promotion of
employee, The HR department scan internal organizational environment to locate the
potential candidates, as a result Quality Assurance Officer was promoted to the post
of Inventory Control Manager, Production Manager were promoted to Management
Representative of ISO Program, and Quality Control Incharge were promoted to
Quality Control Manager.
When some post is available, then HR Department notifies the interested candidates
about the job opening and the candidates submit their CVs along with the writtenpermission from their respective managers for the new post. These informations are
then forwarded to top management and after there approval a formal notification is
sent to interested candidates for interview. After interview , job is offered to
successful candidates.
Sources of Candidates
Internal Sources
External Sources
Figure 9
16
5.2.1.2
EXTERNAL SOURCES
If there are no people available within the organization the other sources of
candidates, are used for recruitment such as internal or external referral &
advertising etc.
In external sources, the HR department uses internal and external referrals i.e. when job is posted then
existing employees recommend some employees for the job or Managers of other pharmaceuticals
recommend some candidates for the job. HR gives first priority to internal referral and then external
one. if the HR Department still not find out the potential candidate, then Shaheen advertise the job
opening in local news paper.
Almost more than 70% of employees both workers, technical staff and
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managers are appointed through external or internal referrals.
Initially every officer rank employees are appointed for a probation period of 3 to 6 months as trainee.
After successful completion of training a permanent job is offered to the trainee.
17
5.3
TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT
Training is one of the most important tool any organization using to cope with the rapid change in
technology and way of doing business. HR department of Shaheen is responsible for the training and
Development of existing as well as new coming employees.
The difference between the training of new and existing employees
are orientation and Shaheen culture.
When a new employee is selected, an orientation of the new employees is conducted. Production
Manager is responsible for the orientation of new employees. Orientation is basically a one to two hour
activity in which the new employees are informed about the organizational structure, term & conditions
of employment, the duties of incumbent, the ethical & behavioural requirement for the new employee
and the so. This activity is only design for the officers and managers. Workers & employees of lower
level are exempted from orientation. As a result most problems are observed at this level during day-to-
day transaction.
New or Existing employees are trained in HR Department via three
methods.
Employees Handbook
Training by concerned department Manager.
Training to visit to other pharmaceuticals.
The period of training is not specified, some times it covered in a
week some times it is extended upto 6 months.
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5.3.1 TRAINING NEED ASSESSMENT
There is no document for training need assessment in HR department,
however a document is found in ISO Master File QMS/02/001 along with several
forms.
18
19
6.2.2 TRAINING, AWARENESS AND COMPETENCY
A planning process is being implemented which ensures the proper training, awareness and competence
development of people. This carried out while taking into account the organization processes, customer
needs
and expectations, the stages of development of people and the culture of the organization. The
objective is to
provide people with knowledge and skill, which, together with experience, improve their competence
and
capabilities. Organization has established and maintains a procedure to ensure proper capabilities of
personnel working. This includes:
Identification of competency needs for personnel performing activities affecting quality
Providing training or take other actions to address identified needs.
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trainees are asked to perform some activities. The all activities are recorded. As a result the turnover of
employees in Quality Control is much lower than any other areas of the organization.
HR of Shaheen also uses another method to train some employees i.e. by sending them to other
pharmaceuticals to work for some time and then come back to their original position.
Although some documents regarding training activities are found in ISO
documentation, it was found that these forms are never used.
21
5.4
PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
Employees job performance is an important issue for all employers. A performance management
system consists of the processes used to identify, encourage, measure, evaluate, improve, and reward
employee performance at work.
Shaheen encourage their employees to achieve high level of excellence i.e. in
Quantity of output
Quality of output
Timeliness of output
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Presence at work
Cooperativeness
These excellences are appreciated by the management at their monthly meeting with their employees
and in the form of shields and awards. However all these activities are qualitative in nature. The
activities of employees are recorded on the basis of observation made by the management officials from
time to time. There is no maintenance of performance log. However critical incidents are recorded on
rough pages for the future need.
Figure 10
22
5.4.1 PERFORMANCE STANDARD & EXPECTATION
Although Shaheen is a well reputed pharmaceutical organization, what target the employees must
achieve is totally the matter of perception. Different standards are set for different employees. i.e. if
two employees which perform same task in which one are highly experience and skilled and other have
relative lower experience than the management expect a high quantified target achievement for the
experienced one than from other.
It is because of this reason, an atmosphere of conflict found in some section of Shaheen
Pharmaceuticals. Management still not do sufficient planning to overcome these differences in targets
and for the smoothing of organizational environment.
The production department are usually engage in performance standard setting and reviews of activities
to find out that these standards are met during normal course of operation. However if the standard are
not met there are no mechanism how to remove inefficiency. Thus some one can say that performance
standards are not a matter of seriousness in Shaheen. It was also found that some employees are also
reluctant to these standards because no reward are attach to these standards. During my internship,
several times the product staff achieves the target but they are not appreciated well.
5.4.2 HOW PERFORMANCE REPORTS ARE WRITTEN
Performance reports are the responsibility of all managers of the concern department. However these
reports must be submitted to HR Department. A major drawback is that these report are not considered
when pay raise is recommended by the manager of various department, as a result every employee get
10% annual increase in their pay regardless of their performance. This creates a lack of seriousness
about the performance report preparation. Every department uses their own performance sheet. A
typical performance report of Shaheen contains information as
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Name of employee
23
Designation of Employee
Name of performance evaluator
Department
Date & Time
Performance Standard (Arranged according to their priority)
Remarks
Signature of Supervisor
24
5.5
EMPLOYESS COMPENSATION & BENEFITS
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Shaheen Pharmaceuticals currently highly compensating there employees with respect to other
industries present in Swat valley, however among the lowest compensation payable organization in the
industry in Pakistan. Because of very low number of pharmaceuticals in Swat valley and absence of
many taxes in Swat valley, Shaheen is one of the most profitable pharmaceutical in Pakistan, but these
benefits are not transferred to their employees as a result the employees turnover is very high.
Shaheen have a different pay structure for different level of employees and also employees of same
level. i.e. Head of two departments are paid two different type of compensation.
HR department is responsible for pay and pay related issues. It was also found that salary determination
in Shaheen is a matter of bargaining. i.e. Shaheen pay 5500 PKR to an analyst while at the same time pay
15000 to other analyst working in a same post.
Shaheen creates 2 categories for their employees. Exempt & Non- Exempt. Shaheen pay overtime to its
non-exempt employees who work in excess of 8 hour and are one & half times there base pay. Almost
all officers, managers, directors & executives are exempt from overtime allowance.
There is no shift premium and night allowance for workers. The pay structure
changes in Shaheen with that of based on seniority and not on performance.
Although Shaheen is considered as one of the most profitable
organization in pharmaceutical sector, it does not distribute some portion of
Employees
Categories
Exempt Employees
Non-Exempt
Employees
Figure 11
25
its profit among their employees. There is also no concept of variable pay in
Shaheen.
Lack of equality in the pay structure is thus a major disadvantage of
Shaheen pay system.
5.5.1
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TYPES OF COMPENSATION & BENEFITS
There are only one type of pay structure is available for the lower level employees. i.e. base pay. No
other direct & indirect pay & benefits are provided to the employees. For the lower level employees
Shaheen is giving time base pay i.e. every employee have to work for at least 8 hours a day after which
he has subject to receive his pay at the end of month. No portion of the pay is directly or indirectlyassociated with the pay. As a result motivations of the employees are low.
The composition of salary of lower level employees consist of :
Basic Salary
Overtime
Indexation allowance (For workers having salary less than 2500 PKR)
Attendance allowance (For workers having salary less than 2500 PKR
and equal to 300 PKR)
Cost of Living Allowance
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Basic
Salary
Cost of
Living
Allowance
Overtime
Attendance
Allowance
Indexation
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Along with these training programs, the company makes their employees fully aware of their job
requirements by mean of job descriptions so that they can develop a clear picture about at what are
necessary requirement of their job and want are not. Indirectly the promotions, transfer to other
department also plays a key role in employees job satisfaction.
Shaheen also have a career planning center and the interested employees can seek help anytimebetween 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM from Monday to Friday. This center help employees to get updated
information about their job, current trend in the job an
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employee performing, required knowledge to enhance the productivity of employees. If an employee
wants to change their job position, the career planning center helps the employees to do so. If any
employees want to join any outside institution for further education, Shaheen Pharmaceuticals allow
them. As a result some of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals employees are the students of various educational
institutions e.g. Malakand University, Udhiana Medical Institute, Abbott College and Virtual University.
Educational Policy of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is flexible while that of its competitors present inSwat
region is tough. Thus as far as the career development is concern, the HR Department of Shaheen is fully
aware of this issue.
5.6.1 EMPLOYEES JOB CHANGES
Employees job changes in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals are a matter of routine task. When any job is lying
vacant or some new post is created because of expansion or addition of new department, Shaheen first
priority is to select employees from the current pool. For this purpose Shaheen announce the vacancy
internally and invite the current employees to submit their CVs along with required documents and then
select the right candidate for the post. If right candidate are not available to fill out the vacancy thenShaheen search for candidates who have the required competency and are willingly to fill the post but
not have proper knowledge and/or skill required for the post, then Shaheen arrange an up gradation
program which best suit the employee requirement for the new post. As a result the employees
response for the new position is always higher than expected. Normally every employee changes their
job every 3 to 4 years. As a result of these changes, QA Officer changes their job to Inventory Control
Manager, Production Manager changes his job to Plant Manager and Raw Material Store Incharge
promoted to Warehouse Incharge.
Shaheen also arrange outside assistance and training program for their
employees. As a result some of employees are send to various organization
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for training upto 6 months and then returned back to assume the new
position.
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Employees job changes within organization give advantage to the company
that employees at key position are loyal to the company.
5.7
JOB CHANGES WITHIN ORGANIZATION
Job changes in Shaheen Pharmaceutical are managed by HR Department. When there is new post
created in the company or some post became vacant because of layoff, dismissal, promotion or
demotion etc, Shaheen first announce the post through their display board, memos to various managers
through memos and inter-communication forms. Interested employees are informed to submit their
CVs along with required documents and with NOC from the head of their department. After receiving
such documents, the HR Manager verify the information collected and match the current post
requirement with that of competencies and capabilities of the employees. HR Department conducts a
short interview with that of interested employees. These interviews are mostly conduct in HR Manager
Office usually after 4:00 PM. A series of questions are ask from the employees such as
Why he apply for the job?
What is the deficiency the employees feel in their current job?
How he manage the new job?
What the employee expects from the new job? etc.
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In the light of interview conducted and the recommendation and NOC of the current head of employee
department makes an initial recommendation to higher management (Chief Executive, General
Manager). After approval from the top management the employee, previous and new manager of theemployee are informed through intercommunication form and a new Job Description Form were
granted to the employee. It was observed during my stay that new appointment letter were not given to
the employees and it was assumed that the terms & Condition of the employment was same as before.
The employees know his salary rise only when he receives his pay cheque.
5.7.1 PROMOTIONS
In case of promotion, the head of department inform the HR Manager through intercommunication
form about the performance of an employee. After receiving such information, the HR department
recommend the employee for possible promotion within department to top management. The top
management decide in the light of recommendation from the head of department & HR department to
promote or not the employee. The decisions of the top management were mostly verbally, and the HR
department in the view of decision makes necessary documentation. Promotion policy of Shaheen
Pharmaceutical is not clear. The employees do not know when they were be promoted. It a matter of
top management decision. As a result of this, some employee promoted very early like after 6 to 7
month of employment while some are still waiting for promotion after 5 years of employment. Because
of no policy about the promotion mostly employees are demotivated and thinks what ever they do they
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are still under the dark side of the candle. Productivity records also show that the outputs of senior are
lower than that of new comers and that of who promoted earlier.
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QC Officer was promoted to Senior QC Officer. FGS Assistant was promoted to FGS Incharge and
Dispensing Pharmacist was promoted to Dispensing Area Incharge.
5.7.2 TRANSFER
Transfer policy of Shaheen is clear and also mention in employee hand book, job description & in
appointment letter. Shaheen transfer policy stated that when ever services of an employee are required
in some other department and/or any section within the firm, the employee must assume the
responsibility without any hesitation and any reasons. The appointment letter contain these phrase
The employee should assume any responsibility assigned by concerned manager or any authorized
person designated by top management. He should also assume any task wholly or partially either
permanently or temporarily as per HR Department instruction without any hesitation.
As a result of this job transfer within department is a matter of daily activity. Coating Operator of
coating section work with packing department and blister section staff are transfer to syrup section.
Thus we can say transfer is a routine activity in Shaheens life. Some transfers in Shaheen are
temporarily one while some are permanent in nature. Top management decided whom to promote
permanently and whom not. Employee some times also takes part in transfer process and willingly apply
for transfer because the transfer gives them fresh life in the form of new knowledge and skill. This type
of transfer is voluntarily one. While in involuntarily one top management decided which one is transfer
and which one not. The employees may apply to review the management decision of involuntarily
transfer but the final decision is in the hand of top management.
5.7.3 DEMOTIONS
Currently there is no demotion occur in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals to date.
ISO master documents show that when the employees does not show
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satisfactory performance within 1 year period (in which the employee is unable the minimum
acceptable level of productivity for last 3 months continuously) and does not improve his performance
after the recommended training from the concerned department manager, makes continuously same
mistakes, does not oblige the order of department manager, supervisor and any other senior and after
informally verbal, formal written and a formal show cause notice, does not satisfy the concern officials
in show cause case hearings, theft, damage to company property, engage in any other activity other that
assigned one and the same and leaking company critical or non critical information to outsiders include
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relatives, friend and competitors of the firm are subject to demotion, penalty equivalent to damage,
withholding salary, and termination from the employment with or without notice. Shaheen is lucky in
the sense that during the 5 years of his journey, no employees yet receive demotion from his current
job.
5.7.4 SEPERATION
One of the worst decisions an employer or employee made is the decision of separation from the firm.
The employee leaves the job because of various reasons such as
Finding better job
Less attractive current job
No career growth in current job and/or current organization
Unexpected new complex & lengthy assignment in the job
Bad employment condition in current job
Unacceptable supervisors, managers behaviors.
Inequality in pay
While the employer remove an employee also have one of several reasons such as
Continuous low performance of an employee
Cutting unnecessary overheads.
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Lower salary
Unsatisfactory work conditions.
Unacceptable term and conditions.
Tight supervisory control
Lack of trust
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No benefits for most of employees.
Shaheen does not so far make some sound homework to reduce this trend. As a result this situation
persists. Because of beurucratic style of management, opportunities for others becomes lower & lower
down the hierarchy.
The post leave after resignation was not filled immediately. Usually 3 to 4 months are required to fill the
posts. It was also observed that resignation letter was given by employees to the managementimmediately without waiting period of 1 month. Because there is no benefit for employees thus
resignation was given immediately. Another trend was observed that mostly resignation application was
given 2nd date of new month when employee get there previous month complete salary thus the
management have nothing to hold and forces the employee not to resign. Resignation is one of the
worst ways which not only effect some department badly but some times the firm faces dangerous
situation.
5.7.4.4 RETIREMENT
Shaheen is a relatively new firm and no one individual till date are retired. But employment handbook
(section 21 page 68) contains information about retirement. Shaheen policy is that any one who will
complete 35 years of services are eligible to apply for retirement. The retirement policy will be made
later. This matter is still under consideration of top management. Whoever it was found that some
benefits such as provident fund, gratuity and E.O.B.I benefits will be provided to retired employees. It
was also found that management decided to give job to one of the relative of retired employee.
However no formal authorize information on this matter is not approved yet.
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6
LABOUR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
Labour-Management relation in Shaheen is not an ideal one. The employees are just satisfied the
management style. Thus we can say that the organization keeps normal relations with its employees.
There are two-way communications methods in Shaheen. Several features of Labor-Management
relations are
Every employee has the right to come to meet his immediate supervisor for his problem. If his
supervisor cannot satisfy the employee, then employee can go to HR department for this problem.
There are placed the Complaint Box at different location in the
organization that are only opened by the HR Manager randomly.
Some Department held meeting on monthly basis in which head of Dept
and first line supervisor meet to employee and discuss about the previous
performance of Dept & individual performance. At the end the decisions
are made to enhance the individual performance by facilitating the
employees.
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The company treats all employees with respect and dignity, no employee
is subjected to any gesture, language and physical contact that are
sexually coercive, threatening, abusive or exploitative.
Discipline Procedure:
Warning are addressed to the employees verbally and in written through their immediate supervisor.
The warning referred to the contraventions committed by the employee and served to remind the
employees the he/she abide by the company rules and regulations in performing his/her work, and that
this contravention should not be repeated in future.
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i.
One of the largest pharmaceutical organization.
ii.
Higher wage payer employer in the region.
iii.
Frequent availability of lower wage employees.
iv.
More loyal senior employees.
v.
Qualified staff in HR Department.
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i.
Lower wage level as compared to other pharmaceutical present at other
locations.
ii.
Availability of less skilled and less experienced workers.
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ii.
Shaheen can hire best employees for their HR Department.
iii.
Shaheen can expand their HR Department.
iv.
Use the skill & competence of HR Manager Head to improve HR department
performance by giving him full and unconditional authority.
v.
Number of graduates in the region is increasing, Shaheen may hire these
graduate to increase the performance of HR System.
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THREATS
i. Imposition of new rules and regulation by the government.
ii. Entrance of new companies in pharmaceutical industry.
iii. Switching of employees from Shaheen to other companies who pay more than
that offered by Shaheen.
iv. Serious shortage of skilled and qualified workers in near future.
8
MAIN WEAKNESS OF THE ORGANIZATION
During my stay, I have found following main weaknesses which I discussed with
HR Manager.
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a. Serious shortage of employees almost in all departments and sections.
b. Shaheen purchases latest machines and equipments but till date did not find
technical and skilled employees to start few of those machines.
c. In Shaheen, interviews are conducted on daily basis for lower level
employees but only a small percentage of these were offered the job.
d. There are no formal training programs for new incumbent.
e. Strict beurucratic style of management.
f. High turnover ratio than competitors.
g. Short term planning for human resource.
h. Lack of formal forms & formats specially interview evaluation form etc.
i. Forecasting of human resource need is based on subjective judgment.
j. No referral bonus for employees who recommended competent & skilled
candidates for a job.
k. Orientation & training period of new incumbent are very short and new
employee has to learn every thing from his mistakes.
l. No training need assessment form developed yet.
m. Different standard are set for different employees working same type jobs.
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n. Performance reports have no effect on annual salary increase.
o. Compensation & Benefits are lower in Shaheen as compared to other national
& multinational pharmaceutical organizations.
p. Different pay structure for different employees working same job.
q. Promotion policy of Shaheen is not clear.
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RECOMMENDATION
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a. The HR Department must intensively look for new candidates to fill-up the shortage of employees. For
this purpose Shaheen may use internet, print medias such as newspapers, brochures and may use
referrals.
b. Shaheen Pharmaceutical acquired latest equipments and machineries but some of them are still not
at work because of lack of technicians and specialists. It is thus recommended that before any new
machinery is purchased, a contract must be signed with the manufacturer of the machinery or with the
suppliers that they must train some staff of Shaheen to operate the machine within reasonable time.
c. The HR department may dedicate a day in a week or in a month for interview thus eliminates the
unnecessary interviews conducted daily and thus can save precious time of HR Staff.
d. A complete training program must be designed for each and every incumbent, which may cover not
only the details of the job for which the incumbent is hired but also about the company, its culture,
environment, HR Policies and the like.
e. Strict beurucratic style of management must be converted to more flexible type i.e. authority and
responsibilities must be delegated to lower level as well. This action not only increases motivational
level of employees but also increases the loyalty and sense of belongness of employees.
f. HR Department must also forecast for long-term Human Resource need.
g. HR Department must design formal form for applicant interview, salary
surveys, Training need assessment etc.
h. Human resource needs in Shaheen are mostly determined using judgmental technique. Although judgmental techniques are one of most important ones, the HR Department must train every Manager,
Supervisor, Line Manager etc so that can use other method as well to enhance the reliability of their
estimates.
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i. It is also found that no referral bonus was given to employees who refer competent, skilled and
knowledgeable candidate. The HR Department must convince the higher management to give such
bonus which not only motivated the employees but the organization can in this way get competent,
skilled and experienced worker which may participate in the success of the organization.
j. Orientation & Training period of new incumbent is very short, and usually the incumbent learn fromtheir mistakes, this is a costly practice. So it is recommended that new incumbent must be fully trained
and after completion of training period, the training performance must be evaluated before giving
regular job assignment to the employee.
k. One main weakness found in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is that there are different performance
standard for employees working same job. This practiced must be immediately eliminated and same
performance standard must be set for same job.
l. Performance reports must be tightly l inked with salary increase at the end of
each year.
m. As compared to other pharmaceutical organization present in Pakistan, the salary level in Shaheen is
much lower. As a result the employees turnover is very high. HR Department must conduct salary
survey, comparison and other means to reduce the current salary gap and thus reduces the employees
turnover.
n. There must be same pay structure for same job i.e. equal pay for equal work.
o. Shaheen HR Department must clearly communicate its promotion policy to
all employees.
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CONCLUSION
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HR is a very vast and important field in business. It is really important to have and maintain quality
professionals to add value in any organizations. From the entire above project I have gained a lot of
practical experience of the work. I saw how work is done practically in organizations. I saw practical
application of my theoretical knowledge. It was a great learning experience, but I observed something
which I feel not a good practice. Basic pay of line workers disappointed me the most. It was less than
that approved by the government due to the fact that the organization is located in tax free region
where government labour officer do not inspect any company. There are many things that are still in
books and remain in books. I think, organizations, in the process of reducing costs and competing
globally, should not forget basic ethics, which are the essence of a good organization.
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During my stay in Shaheen Pharmaceutical, I have analysed their existing human recourse system and
seen that how they are applying the Recruitment & Selection process (from job analysis to selection of
employees) and I have seen that company recruit all those persons who are eligible to his criteria
whether they are internal or external. Once a pool of candidate has been completed the next stage is to
select the best person for the job to achieve the organizational goal.
Orientation and on the job training will be arranged after the selection of employees and the newly
hired employees are posted on temporary job of 3 to 6 months for their practices, and employees
having satisfied performance will be permitted as permanent. But orientation and training are limited to
some employees. The Management strongly believes the importance of their employees; however the
benefits provided to them are also limited to few employees. The management believe employees as a
supreme strength. Therefore they strive to attract, retain and develop the best talent but because of
low salary and few benefits, the employees turnover ratio are quite very high. Special emphasis in this
regard is given to training & development of the staff but so for this practice is conducted only to train
selective employees. Shaheen not only train employees in-house but also send some employees for
external training.
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Currently the company does not have automated HRMS. If this system is installed, the company will
received numerous benefits such as reduction in recruitment & selection costs, Increases HRD
performance, easy & fast access to critical information such as employees personal record,
performance log etc.
It was also observed that layoff, termination, demotion and retirement polices
are not clear as a result the moral of key employees were found at low level.
Currently, the HR Manager is trying there best to develop new policy which are acceptable to both
employer and to employees and thus it is expected that HR Department will reduces their deficiencies
and enhances the satisfaction of their employees.
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11
REFERENCES
BOOKS
1
Guerin Lisa & Delpo Amy (2003). Create Your Own Employee
Handbook (1st ed.). California, USA: Nolo Press
2
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Tracey, William R. Tracey. (2004). The human resources glossary: the complete desk reference for HR
executives, managers and practitioners (3rd ed.) New York, USA: ST. LUCIE PRESS (A CRC Press
Company).
3
Helms M. Marilyn. (2006). Encyclopaedia of Management (5th ed.).
London, UK: Thomson & Gale Publishing Co.
4
Prof. Krishan Murthi. (2008). A Handbook of Employees Relations and Labour Laws In India. (1st ed.).
Mumbai, India: NAD International Press.
5
Jones Pam. (2000). The Performance Management Pocket Book. (1st ed.). UK: ManagementPocketbooks Ltd. E-mail: pocketbks@aol.com Web: www.pocketbook.co.uk
6
David A. Decenzo & Stephen P. Robbins (2004). Fundamentals Of
Human Resource Management. (8th ed.)
7
Wayne F. Casico (2000). Managing Human Resource (Productivity,
Quality Of Work Life & Profits). (5th ed.). National Book Foundation.
JOURNALS
1
Dr. Adya Prasad Pandey (Dec. 2007). Labour Management Relations A Radical Deal For Industrial
Peace. MPRA Paper No.6085 Retrieved May 2009, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6085
MANUALS
1
Manual of Human Resource, Chamber Practice, The Indian legal Service Provider. (1996). Manual
developed for Ramakrishna Hospitality Services (Pvt.) Ltd.
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2
Recommended