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INTERNSHIP REPORT

SHAHEEN PHARMACEUTICALS

Specialization: Human Resource Management

Submitted To:

Chairman

Department Of Business Administration

Submitted By:

Name: Ziad Hussain

Roll #: W584559

Registration #: 07NST0019

Mailing Address: Village & GPO

Ghalagay, Tehsil Barikot, Distt.

Swat, N.W.F.P. Pakistan

Contact No. (Res.) 0946 753025

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Cell: 0346 9488665

Email:daizhus s ain004@ yahoo.com

Date of Submission: 20-09-2009

ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

All praises and thanks are for ALMIGHTY ALLAH who is entire source of 

all knowledge and wisdom to mankind.

Special praises for the HOLY PROPHET MUHAMMAD (P.B.U.H) who forever is touch of knowledge and

goodness for humanity as a whole on the successful completion of the project. I would like to

acknowledge my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to academic assistance of my best teacher

Mr. Mujeeb

Alam, without his continued guidance and timely advice the completion of this

report would have been difficult. He has been a source of continuous encouragement

throughout the execution of my internship period.

Words cannot say the gratitude that we feel for our parents, friends and the members of my family

whose affection and prayers have always been the key to my success.

I applaud the nice company of my best and true friends Mr. Sir Zamin Khan,

Mr. Riaz and all the class fellows during the past few months of MBA studies. I will

always remember my association and affinities with all of them and treasure the

good days and happy moments spent with them.

Finally I am also very thankful to all members ofShaheen

Pharmaceuticals, with out their guidance and help, it will be impossible for me to

complete my internship. I am thanking the management ofShaheen

Pharmaceuticals for rewarding me such a great experience during my stay.

Thanks to all who helped me in completing my project.

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I

Table of Contents:

COVER PAGE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I

TABLE OF CONTENT

II

LIST OF TABLES & ILLUSTRATIONS

IV

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

V

1

OBJECTIVES OF STUDYING THE ORGANIZATION

1

2

INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIZATION

2

3

OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION

4

3.1

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

5

4

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

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5

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESSS IN ORGANIZATION

8

5.1

HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING & FORECASTING

10

5.1.1

HRP PROCESS

11

5.1.2

FORECASTING HR REQUIREMENTS

13

5.1.3

METHODS FORECAST HR NEEDS

13

5.2

EMPLOYEES RECURITMENT & SELECTION

15

5.2.1

SOURCES OF CANDIDATES

17

5.2.1.1 INTERNAL SOURCES

17

5.2.1.2 EXTERNAL SOURCES

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5.3

TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT

19

5.3.1

TRAINING NEED ASSESSMENT

19

5.3.2

EMPLOYEES DEVELOPMENT

20

5.4.

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

22

5.4.1

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS & EXPECTATION

23

5.4.2

HOW PERFORMANCE REPORTS ARE WRITTEN

23

5.5

EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION & BENEFITS

25

5.5.1

TYPES OF COMPENSATION & BENEFITS

26

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5.6

ORGANIZATIONAL CARRER MANAGEMENT

29

5.6.1

EMPLOYEE JOB CHANGES

30

5.7

JOB CHANGES WITHIN ORGANIZATION

31

5.7.1

PROMOTIONS

32

II

5.7.2

TRANSFERS

32

5.7.3

DEMOTIONS

33

5.7.4

SEPARATION

34

5.7.4.1 LAYOFF

35

5.7.4.2 TERMINATION

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5.7.4.3 RESIGNATION

37

5.7.4.4 RETIREMENT

38

6

LABOUR MANAGEMENT RELATION

39

7

SWOT ANALYSIS (STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS

FOCUSING ON THE HRM PROCESS IN THE ORGANIZATION

41

8

MAIN WEAKNESS OF THE ORGANIZATION

44

9

RECOMMENDATION

45

10

CONCLUSION

47

11

REFERENCES

49

12

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ANNEXES/APPENDICIES

51

A-01

APPOINTMENT LETTER

A-02

INTERNSHIP CERTIFICTAE

A-03

MONTHLY EMPLOYEES STRENGHT REPORT

A-04

EMPLOYEES WAGES & SALARY REPORT

A-05

EMPLOYEES ABSENTEESM REPORT

A-06

EMPLOYEES TRAINING RECORD

A-07

EMPLOYEES TRAINING SCHEDULE

A-08

EMPLOYEES PERSONAL FILE CHECKLIST

A-09

EMPLOYEES WAGE & SALARY RECORD

A-10

EMPLOYEE SALARY SLIP

A-11

EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND RECORD

A-12

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RECRUITMENT & APPOINTMENT PROCESS

III

LIST OF FIGURES & ILLUSTRATION

FIGURES

Figure 1

Structure of HR Department

6

Figure 2

Shaheen traditional style of management

9

Figure 3

Shaheen modern projectized style of management 9

Figure 4

Human Resource Planning Process

11

Figure 5

Forecasting Techniques

13

Figure 6

Estimating internal labor supply

14

Figure 7

Sources of Recruitment

15

Figure 8

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Stages of Recruitment

16

Figure 9

Sources of Candidates

17

Figure 10

Performance Management Cycle

22

Figure 11

Employees Categories

25

Figure 12

Composition of Salary

27

TABLES

Table 1

Table showing current and needed staff level

12

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

IV

Irrespective of the size or objectives of an organisation, the most valuable resource it possesses is its

workforce. Without workers who are both efficient and effective, the long-term success of an

organisation cannot be assured. The human resource of an organisation is its entire workforce from

managing director to part-time cleaner. Each person is employed to perform specified functions which

play their part in the overall success or failure of an organisation.

It is the human resources employed by an organisation which generate wealth through the provision of 

services or the production of goods. Consequently, just as machinery and buildings need to be protected

if they are to work properly, time and care must be taken if an organisation is to secure and retain the

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To put suggestions & recommendations to further improve the

activities of HR Department of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals.

And finally to prepare an internship report in the light of observation I

found and recommendation I forwarded to the management of Shaheen

Pharmaceuticals.

1

2

INTRODUCTIION OF THE ORGANIZATION

I have selected Shaheen Pharmaceuticals, for my internship study in this report. Mr. Syed Karim founded

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals in March 2004 in Pakistan. Its Registered Marketing Office is situated at

Peshawar while its main manufacturing plant is present 3 Km from Saidu Sharif, Swat.

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals presents more than 50 products to the market. Nowadays, Shaheen

Pharmaceutical is a leading ISO 9001:2000 certified firm in pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan with over

350 employees and covers all four provinces of Pakistan.

OBJECTIVES AND FUNCTIONS

The basic objective of the company is to produces high quality medicine at cheap price by using latest

technology and highly technical staff. To achieve this goal the company adopted GLP, cGMP, GWP and

ISO 9001:2000 rules and regulation and continuously improving their management and marketing tasks.

There are various functional department present in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals and includes Production

Department (consist of Manufacturing Department, Packing Department, Drying Section, Granulation &

Mixing Section, Dispensing Areas, Tablet, Capsule, Dry Suspension & Liquid Sections), Quality Control

Laboratories, Quality Assurance, R&D Departments, Warehouses (Finished, Inprocess, Quarantine &

Rejection Areas), Finance Department, Marketing Department, Inventory Control Department.

PRODUCTS OFFERED

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals are offering different types of product to the market,

which includes.

Antibiotics

Anti histamines

Antifungal

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Cardiovascular products

Iron supplement products

Foliate supplement products

Anti-inflammatory , Analgesics and Antipyretic products

H2 Receptor antagonist

Hepatic protective products.

3

3

OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANIZATION

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is one the famous and reputed pharmaceuticals with more than 350

employees belong from different regions. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals has achieved the distinction of 

being the first organization in the SWAT Valley, which achieved ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management

Certification from one of the famous and recognized organization IIC which have a registered head office

in Dubai, U.A.E. and approved from Joint Accreditation System of Australia-New Zealand (JAS- ANZ) in

2007. Shaheen in recent years initiated implementation of the HR reforms in a structured manner.

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals has successfully launched its HR development process at the beginning which

was aligned to the new organization knowledge, skill and competencies needs.

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals have a traditional management style i.e. functional departments are present

to perform various organization activities. A list of these functional departments is shown in

organogram.

LOCATIONS OF OFFICES

Shaheen Pharmaceutical marketing office is present in Peshawar while

Manufacturing Plant is present in Swat. The addresses of these offices are as below:

Factory & Head office:

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals3-Km, Murghzar Road , Saidu Sharif 

Swat , N.W.F.P

Pakistan

Marketing offices:

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STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

Shaheen Pharmaceuticals follows bureaucratic style for their HR Department activities i.e. all major

activities are concentrated to one position which means that only one person is holding major activities

of HR Department. The HR department of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals are composed of 3 main segments.

They are

 

Employee services

Employees Services

Staffing &

Compensation

OD & Effectiveness

Shaheen HR Core

Competency

Figure 1

6

o

Payroll Information

o

Leave and Medical Record

o

Final Settlements

o

Policies and Procedures

o

Employees Record and Recreation

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OD and Effectiveness

o

Training plan

o

Talent Management

o

Performance Management

o

Employees Retentation

o

Orientation & Employee Communication

 

Staffing and Compensation

o

Staffing Plan and HR Budgeting

o

Management Trainee and Internship Program

o

Interviewing and Selection

o

Compensation, Benefits and Incentive

7

5

HUMAN RESOURCE PROCESS IN THE ORGANIZATION

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Shaheen is basically a functional organization with functional departments covering Finance, Production,

R&D, Quality Control & Quality Assurance, and Marketing & Distribution. Having more than 20 Years

experience in the field of Marketing & Distribution, Shaheen was formed by the founder & present CEO

Dr. Syed Karim in 2004-05 as a fourth pharmaceutical in SWAT valley. Mr. Rashid which has an

experience of 15 years was appointed as consultant and head of HR Department. At the beginning the

management of Shaheen uses traditional techniques such as interviews to select candidates for various

 jobs. Now the traditional way of appointing the employees are changed and some of modern techniques

such as filling a short questionnaire along with interviews are used to select the candidates.

Shaheen makes a great change in their working style and nowadays Shaheen is converting itself into

more projectized style than traditional hierarchy style but the management of Shaheen still uses the old

tradition of interviewing.

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Top Management

Top Management

Functional Department

1

Functional Department

1

Functional Department 1

Functional Department 1

Functional Department 1

Functional Department 1

Figure 2

Project 2

Project 2

Project 3

Project 3

Project 1

Project 1

Top

Management

Top

Management

Shaheen Traditional Style of Management

Shaheen Modern Projectized Style of Management

Figure 3

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5.1

HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING & FORCASTING

Planning & Forecasting in the modern age is a matter of life & death for organizations of modern age.

The same is true for pharmaceuticals industry. Each & every consecutive day new research product is

developed, deployed for trails & testing. All these effort require skilful, trained and experienced

workforce. It is for this reason organization plan and forecast for human resource so as to remain

competitive.

The management of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals also uses planning &

forecasting procedures to cope with human resource requirement but these

Project 2

Project 2

Project 3

Project 3

Project 1

Project 1

Top

Management

Top

Management

9

planning are usually of short term. As a result when the management of Shaheen open there Liquid

Section, they faces a serious shortage of skillfull, trained & experienced workforce. Although the

management strongly believes that employees are there supreme strength. But they are not adequately

planning to anticipate the future need.

5.1.1HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING PROCESS

The HR Planning Process of Shaheen is shown in the following Figure.

10

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Shaheen HR Planning are usually of short time in nature usually of 4 to 6 months. Because of shortage of 

skill workers and because of the presence of pharmaceutical industries in the SWAT Valley, the

competition is very high so the HR Department of Shaheen continuously looking for skill workers. For

this purpose Shaheen scan internal environment to find out suitable employee and promote to fill the

vacancy, if there are no such employees available, then HR Department scan external environment for

skilled and experienced employees. As a result it is found the HR Department minimally interviewed 2

3 candidates daily, most of these interviewed candidates are called 3 to 4 months later of which almost

60 - 70% get jobs else where and only 30 - 40% available. Once the internal environment along with

external environment is scanned, a draft forecast is prepared. There are no forms for this purpose

Shaheen uses, instead Shaheen only colleted CVs and credentials for future need with HR comments

written on it.

Shaheen uses surveys to find out the present employees, their strength and

experience and then find out the no of required employees in near future. This gives

Shaheen Objectives & Strategies

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the organization the ability to cope with future need of employees. But the same is not true for high

level employees such as Pharmacists, Chemists, Analysts, Officers & Managers. Shaheen does not have a

valid planning for higher level officers. As a result there is always a shortage of skilled, technical &

experienced top level officers as indicated by the following table.

No.

Ranks

Available Required

1

Managers

07

10

2

Chemist

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01

03

3

Pharmacists

03

07

4

Ware House Officers

02

03

5

Accounts Sections

03

05

6

Godown Staff 

03

05

7

Inventory Control

02

06

8

Production Officers

02

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Despite the availability of vary sophisticated techniques, forecasting in Shaheen is still subjective

 judgment. The facts are some times evaluated and weighed by knowledgeable individuals, such as

managers and HR experts, and some times not.

5.1.3 METHODS OF FORECASTING HUMAN RESOURCE NEEDS

HR at Shaheen uses 2 method when forecast the human resource need using judgmental methods and

mathematical methods. Although Shaheen uses these two types of model, the management still do not

know the model and the difference between them.

In Judgmental Techniques, Shaheen uses Estimates which are both top-down and bottom-up, but mainly

the HR & Management teams combinely interviewed the top level employees who are in a position to

know that How many people will they need next year to cop with employees shortage and to increase

productivity. After obtaining responses, the HR prepare forecast sheet and submit it to chief executive

for approval.

While In Mathematical methods, extensively used for lower level worker, Shaheen uses Productivity

ratios which calculate the average number of units produced per employee. These averages are then

applied to forecasts to determine the number of employees needed. For example when Shaheen

launches new product (Preston Tablets, Normidol Suspension & Olox Tablets in April 2009) the

Shaheen Forecasting Techniques

Judgmental Techniques

Mathematical

Figure5

Estimates

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Personnel needs;

The supply of outside candidates according to their company requirements.

Internal

Sources

External

Recruitment

Sources of 

Recruitment

Figure 7

15

By the utilization of their resources, firstly it is checked that either there is any job placement or

company is expending their business so that new jobs are open for new candidates. These issues are

tackled by the HR Manger. If staff is required then company tries to find them inside the company by

upgrading their employees if it not possible then new jobs are created and fill by the outside market.

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The overall aims of the recruitment and selection process in Shaheen are to obtain, at minimum cost,

the number and quality of employees required to satisfy the needs of staff requirement. The three

stages of recruitment and selection in Shaheen are:

Defining requirements: Preparing job descriptions and

specifications; deciding terms and conditions of employment;

Attracting candidates: Reviewing and evaluating alternative sources

of applicants, inside and outside the company, advertising;

Selecting candidates: Sifting applications, interviewing, testing,

assessing candidates, offering employment, obtaining references;

preparing contracts of employment.

Stages of Recruitment

Defining Requirements

Attracting Candidates

Selecting Candidates

Figure 8

5.2.1 SOURCES OF CANDIDATES

There are various source available for the recruitment of potential candidates,

which are broadly divided in two categories.

Internal Sources

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External Sources

5.2.1.1

INTERNAL SOURCES

First choice which Shaheen mostly utilize is internal source. When some new

post is created or some post is vacant due to termination, resigning and promotion of 

employee, The HR department scan internal organizational environment to locate the

potential candidates, as a result Quality Assurance Officer was promoted to the post

of Inventory Control Manager, Production Manager were promoted to Management

Representative of ISO Program, and Quality Control Incharge were promoted to

Quality Control Manager.

When some post is available, then HR Department notifies the interested candidates

about the job opening and the candidates submit their CVs along with the writtenpermission from their respective managers for the new post. These informations are

then forwarded to top management and after there approval a formal notification is

sent to interested candidates for interview. After interview , job is offered to

successful candidates.

Sources of Candidates

Internal Sources

External Sources

Figure 9

16

5.2.1.2

EXTERNAL SOURCES

If there are no people available within the organization the other sources of 

candidates, are used for recruitment such as internal or external referral &

advertising etc.

In external sources, the HR department uses internal and external referrals i.e. when job is posted then

existing employees recommend some employees for the job or Managers of other pharmaceuticals

recommend some candidates for the job. HR gives first priority to internal referral and then external

one. if the HR Department still not find out the potential candidate, then Shaheen advertise the job

opening in local news paper.

Almost more than 70% of employees both workers, technical staff and

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managers are appointed through external or internal referrals.

Initially every officer rank employees are appointed for a probation period of 3 to 6 months as trainee.

After successful completion of training a permanent job is offered to the trainee.

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5.3

TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT

Training is one of the most important tool any organization using to cope with the rapid change in

technology and way of doing business. HR department of Shaheen is responsible for the training and

Development of existing as well as new coming employees.

The difference between the training of new and existing employees

are orientation and Shaheen culture.

When a new employee is selected, an orientation of the new employees is conducted. Production

Manager is responsible for the orientation of new employees. Orientation is basically a one to two hour

activity in which the new employees are informed about the organizational structure, term & conditions

of employment, the duties of incumbent, the ethical & behavioural requirement for the new employee

and the so. This activity is only design for the officers and managers. Workers & employees of lower

level are exempted from orientation. As a result most problems are observed at this level during day-to-

day transaction.

New or Existing employees are trained in HR Department via three

methods.

Employees Handbook

Training by concerned department Manager.

Training to visit to other pharmaceuticals.

The period of training is not specified, some times it covered in a

week some times it is extended upto 6 months.

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5.3.1 TRAINING NEED ASSESSMENT

There is no document for training need assessment in HR department,

however a document is found in ISO Master File QMS/02/001 along with several

forms.

18

19

6.2.2 TRAINING, AWARENESS AND COMPETENCY

A planning process is being implemented which ensures the proper training, awareness and competence

development of people. This carried out while taking into account the organization processes, customer

needs

and expectations, the stages of development of people and the culture of the organization. The

objective is to

provide people with knowledge and skill, which, together with experience, improve their competence

and

capabilities. Organization has established and maintains a procedure to ensure proper capabilities of 

personnel working. This includes:

Identification of competency needs for personnel performing activities affecting quality

Providing training or take other actions to address identified needs.

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trainees are asked to perform some activities. The all activities are recorded. As a result the turnover of 

employees in Quality Control is much lower than any other areas of the organization.

HR of Shaheen also uses another method to train some employees i.e. by sending them to other

pharmaceuticals to work for some time and then come back to their original position.

Although some documents regarding training activities are found in ISO

documentation, it was found that these forms are never used.

21

5.4

PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

Employees job performance is an important issue for all employers. A performance management

system consists of the processes used to identify, encourage, measure, evaluate, improve, and reward

employee performance at work.

Shaheen encourage their employees to achieve high level of excellence i.e. in

Quantity of output

Quality of output

Timeliness of output

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Presence at work

Cooperativeness

These excellences are appreciated by the management at their monthly meeting with their employees

and in the form of shields and awards. However all these activities are qualitative in nature. The

activities of employees are recorded on the basis of observation made by the management officials from

time to time. There is no maintenance of performance log. However critical incidents are recorded on

rough pages for the future need.

Figure 10

22

5.4.1 PERFORMANCE STANDARD & EXPECTATION

Although Shaheen is a well reputed pharmaceutical organization, what target the employees must

achieve is totally the matter of perception. Different standards are set for different employees. i.e. if 

two employees which perform same task in which one are highly experience and skilled and other have

relative lower experience than the management expect a high quantified target achievement for the

experienced one than from other.

It is because of this reason, an atmosphere of conflict found in some section of Shaheen

Pharmaceuticals. Management still not do sufficient planning to overcome these differences in targets

and for the smoothing of organizational environment.

The production department are usually engage in performance standard setting and reviews of activities

to find out that these standards are met during normal course of operation. However if the standard are

not met there are no mechanism how to remove inefficiency. Thus some one can say that performance

standards are not a matter of seriousness in Shaheen. It was also found that some employees are also

reluctant to these standards because no reward are attach to these standards. During my internship,

several times the product staff achieves the target but they are not appreciated well.

5.4.2 HOW PERFORMANCE REPORTS ARE WRITTEN

Performance reports are the responsibility of all managers of the concern department. However these

reports must be submitted to HR Department. A major drawback is that these report are not considered

when pay raise is recommended by the manager of various department, as a result every employee get

10% annual increase in their pay regardless of their performance. This creates a lack of seriousness

about the performance report preparation. Every department uses their own performance sheet. A

typical performance report of Shaheen contains information as

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Name of employee

23

Designation of Employee

Name of performance evaluator

Department

Date & Time

Performance Standard (Arranged according to their priority)

Remarks

Signature of Supervisor

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5.5

EMPLOYESS COMPENSATION & BENEFITS

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Shaheen Pharmaceuticals currently highly compensating there employees with respect to other

industries present in Swat valley, however among the lowest compensation payable organization in the

industry in Pakistan. Because of very low number of pharmaceuticals in Swat valley and absence of 

many taxes in Swat valley, Shaheen is one of the most profitable pharmaceutical in Pakistan, but these

benefits are not transferred to their employees as a result the employees turnover is very high.

Shaheen have a different pay structure for different level of employees and also employees of same

level. i.e. Head of two departments are paid two different type of compensation.

HR department is responsible for pay and pay related issues. It was also found that salary determination

in Shaheen is a matter of bargaining. i.e. Shaheen pay 5500 PKR to an analyst while at the same time pay

15000 to other analyst working in a same post.

Shaheen creates 2 categories for their employees. Exempt & Non- Exempt. Shaheen pay overtime to its

non-exempt employees who work in excess of 8 hour and are one & half times there base pay. Almost

all officers, managers, directors & executives are exempt from overtime allowance.

There is no shift premium and night allowance for workers. The pay structure

changes in Shaheen with that of based on seniority and not on performance.

Although Shaheen is considered as one of the most profitable

organization in pharmaceutical sector, it does not distribute some portion of 

Employees

Categories

Exempt Employees

Non-Exempt

Employees

Figure 11

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its profit among their employees. There is also no concept of variable pay in

Shaheen.

Lack of equality in the pay structure is thus a major disadvantage of 

Shaheen pay system.

5.5.1

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TYPES OF COMPENSATION & BENEFITS

There are only one type of pay structure is available for the lower level employees. i.e. base pay. No

other direct & indirect pay & benefits are provided to the employees. For the lower level employees

Shaheen is giving time base pay i.e. every employee have to work for at least 8 hours a day after which

he has subject to receive his pay at the end of month. No portion of the pay is directly or indirectlyassociated with the pay. As a result motivations of the employees are low.

The composition of salary of lower level employees consist of :

Basic Salary

Overtime

Indexation allowance (For workers having salary less than 2500 PKR)

Attendance allowance (For workers having salary less than 2500 PKR

and equal to 300 PKR)

Cost of Living Allowance

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Basic

Salary

Cost of 

Living

Allowance

Overtime

Attendance

Allowance

Indexation

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Along with these training programs, the company makes their employees fully aware of their job

requirements by mean of job descriptions so that they can develop a clear picture about at what are

necessary requirement of their job and want are not. Indirectly the promotions, transfer to other

department also plays a key role in employees job satisfaction.

Shaheen also have a career planning center and the interested employees can seek help anytimebetween 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM from Monday to Friday. This center help employees to get updated

information about their job, current trend in the job an

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employee performing, required knowledge to enhance the productivity of employees. If an employee

wants to change their job position, the career planning center helps the employees to do so. If any

employees want to join any outside institution for further education, Shaheen Pharmaceuticals allow

them. As a result some of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals employees are the students of various educational

institutions e.g. Malakand University, Udhiana Medical Institute, Abbott College and Virtual University.

Educational Policy of Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is flexible while that of its competitors present inSwat

region is tough. Thus as far as the career development is concern, the HR Department of Shaheen is fully

aware of this issue.

5.6.1 EMPLOYEES JOB CHANGES

Employees job changes in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals are a matter of routine task. When any job is lying

vacant or some new post is created because of expansion or addition of new department, Shaheen first

priority is to select employees from the current pool. For this purpose Shaheen announce the vacancy

internally and invite the current employees to submit their CVs along with required documents and then

select the right candidate for the post. If right candidate are not available to fill out the vacancy thenShaheen search for candidates who have the required competency and are willingly to fill the post but

not have proper knowledge and/or skill required for the post, then Shaheen arrange an up gradation

program which best suit the employee requirement for the new post. As a result the employees

response for the new position is always higher than expected. Normally every employee changes their

 job every 3 to 4 years. As a result of these changes, QA Officer changes their job to Inventory Control

Manager, Production Manager changes his job to Plant Manager and Raw Material Store Incharge

promoted to Warehouse Incharge.

Shaheen also arrange outside assistance and training program for their

employees. As a result some of employees are send to various organization

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for training upto 6 months and then returned back to assume the new

position.

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Employees job changes within organization give advantage to the company

that employees at key position are loyal to the company.

5.7

JOB CHANGES WITHIN ORGANIZATION

Job changes in Shaheen Pharmaceutical are managed by HR Department. When there is new post

created in the company or some post became vacant because of layoff, dismissal, promotion or

demotion etc, Shaheen first announce the post through their display board, memos to various managers

through memos and inter-communication forms. Interested employees are informed to submit their

CVs along with required documents and with NOC from the head of their department. After receiving

such documents, the HR Manager verify the information collected and match the current post

requirement with that of competencies and capabilities of the employees. HR Department conducts a

short interview with that of interested employees. These interviews are mostly conduct in HR Manager

Office usually after 4:00 PM. A series of questions are ask from the employees such as

Why he apply for the job?

What is the deficiency the employees feel in their current job?

How he manage the new job?

What the employee expects from the new job? etc.

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In the light of interview conducted and the recommendation and NOC of the current head of employee

department makes an initial recommendation to higher management (Chief Executive, General

Manager). After approval from the top management the employee, previous and new manager of theemployee are informed through intercommunication form and a new Job Description Form were

granted to the employee. It was observed during my stay that new appointment letter were not given to

the employees and it was assumed that the terms & Condition of the employment was same as before.

The employees know his salary rise only when he receives his pay cheque.

5.7.1 PROMOTIONS

In case of promotion, the head of department inform the HR Manager through intercommunication

form about the performance of an employee. After receiving such information, the HR department

recommend the employee for possible promotion within department to top management. The top

management decide in the light of recommendation from the head of department & HR department to

promote or not the employee. The decisions of the top management were mostly verbally, and the HR

department in the view of decision makes necessary documentation. Promotion policy of Shaheen

Pharmaceutical is not clear. The employees do not know when they were be promoted. It a matter of 

top management decision. As a result of this, some employee promoted very early like after 6 to 7

month of employment while some are still waiting for promotion after 5 years of employment. Because

of no policy about the promotion mostly employees are demotivated and thinks what ever they do they

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are still under the dark side of the candle. Productivity records also show that the outputs of senior are

lower than that of new comers and that of who promoted earlier.

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QC Officer was promoted to Senior QC Officer. FGS Assistant was promoted to FGS Incharge and

Dispensing Pharmacist was promoted to Dispensing Area Incharge.

5.7.2 TRANSFER

Transfer policy of Shaheen is clear and also mention in employee hand book, job description & in

appointment letter. Shaheen transfer policy stated that when ever services of an employee are required

in some other department and/or any section within the firm, the employee must assume the

responsibility without any hesitation and any reasons. The appointment letter contain these phrase

The employee should assume any responsibility assigned by concerned manager or any authorized

person designated by top management. He should also assume any task wholly or partially either

permanently or temporarily as per HR Department instruction without any hesitation.

As a result of this job transfer within department is a matter of daily activity. Coating Operator of 

coating section work with packing department and blister section staff are transfer to syrup section.

Thus we can say transfer is a routine activity in Shaheens life. Some transfers in Shaheen are

temporarily one while some are permanent in nature. Top management decided whom to promote

permanently and whom not. Employee some times also takes part in transfer process and willingly apply

for transfer because the transfer gives them fresh life in the form of new knowledge and skill. This type

of transfer is voluntarily one. While in involuntarily one top management decided which one is transfer

and which one not. The employees may apply to review the management decision of involuntarily

transfer but the final decision is in the hand of top management.

5.7.3 DEMOTIONS

Currently there is no demotion occur in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals to date.

ISO master documents show that when the employees does not show

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satisfactory performance within 1 year period (in which the employee is unable the minimum

acceptable level of productivity for last 3 months continuously) and does not improve his performance

after the recommended training from the concerned department manager, makes continuously same

mistakes, does not oblige the order of department manager, supervisor and any other senior and after

informally verbal, formal written and a formal show cause notice, does not satisfy the concern officials

in show cause case hearings, theft, damage to company property, engage in any other activity other that

assigned one and the same and leaking company critical or non critical information to outsiders include

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relatives, friend and competitors of the firm are subject to demotion, penalty equivalent to damage,

withholding salary, and termination from the employment with or without notice. Shaheen is lucky in

the sense that during the 5 years of his journey, no employees yet receive demotion from his current

 job.

5.7.4 SEPERATION

One of the worst decisions an employer or employee made is the decision of separation from the firm.

The employee leaves the job because of various reasons such as

Finding better job

Less attractive current job

No career growth in current job and/or current organization

Unexpected new complex & lengthy assignment in the job

Bad employment condition in current job

Unacceptable supervisors, managers behaviors.

Inequality in pay

While the employer remove an employee also have one of several reasons such as

Continuous low performance of an employee

Cutting unnecessary overheads.

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Lower salary

Unsatisfactory work conditions.

Unacceptable term and conditions.

Tight supervisory control

Lack of trust

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No benefits for most of employees.

Shaheen does not so far make some sound homework to reduce this trend. As a result this situation

persists. Because of beurucratic style of management, opportunities for others becomes lower & lower

down the hierarchy.

The post leave after resignation was not filled immediately. Usually 3 to 4 months are required to fill the

posts. It was also observed that resignation letter was given by employees to the managementimmediately without waiting period of 1 month. Because there is no benefit for employees thus

resignation was given immediately. Another trend was observed that mostly resignation application was

given 2nd date of new month when employee get there previous month complete salary thus the

management have nothing to hold and forces the employee not to resign. Resignation is one of the

worst ways which not only effect some department badly but some times the firm faces dangerous

situation.

5.7.4.4 RETIREMENT

Shaheen is a relatively new firm and no one individual till date are retired. But employment handbook

(section 21 page 68) contains information about retirement. Shaheen policy is that any one who will

complete 35 years of services are eligible to apply for retirement. The retirement policy will be made

later. This matter is still under consideration of top management. Whoever it was found that some

benefits such as provident fund, gratuity and E.O.B.I benefits will be provided to retired employees. It

was also found that management decided to give job to one of the relative of retired employee.

However no formal authorize information on this matter is not approved yet.

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6

LABOUR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS

Labour-Management relation in Shaheen is not an ideal one. The employees are just satisfied the

management style. Thus we can say that the organization keeps normal relations with its employees.

There are two-way communications methods in Shaheen. Several features of Labor-Management

relations are

Every employee has the right to come to meet his immediate supervisor for his problem. If his

supervisor cannot satisfy the employee, then employee can go to HR department for this problem.

There are placed the Complaint Box at different location in the

organization that are only opened by the HR Manager randomly.

Some Department held meeting on monthly basis in which head of Dept

and first line supervisor meet to employee and discuss about the previous

performance of Dept & individual performance. At the end the decisions

are made to enhance the individual performance by facilitating the

employees.

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  The company treats all employees with respect and dignity, no employee

is subjected to any gesture, language and physical contact that are

sexually coercive, threatening, abusive or exploitative.

Discipline Procedure:

Warning are addressed to the employees verbally and in written through their immediate supervisor.

The warning referred to the contraventions committed by the employee and served to remind the

employees the he/she abide by the company rules and regulations in performing his/her work, and that

this contravention should not be repeated in future.

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i.

One of the largest pharmaceutical organization.

ii.

Higher wage payer employer in the region.

iii.

Frequent availability of lower wage employees.

iv.

More loyal senior employees.

v.

Qualified staff in HR Department.

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i.

Lower wage level as compared to other pharmaceutical present at other

locations.

ii.

Availability of less skilled and less experienced workers.

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ii.

Shaheen can hire best employees for their HR Department.

iii.

Shaheen can expand their HR Department.

iv.

Use the skill & competence of HR Manager Head to improve HR department

performance by giving him full and unconditional authority.

v.

Number of graduates in the region is increasing, Shaheen may hire these

graduate to increase the performance of HR System.

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THREATS

i. Imposition of new rules and regulation by the government.

ii. Entrance of new companies in pharmaceutical industry.

iii. Switching of employees from Shaheen to other companies who pay more than

that offered by Shaheen.

iv. Serious shortage of skilled and qualified workers in near future.

8

MAIN WEAKNESS OF THE ORGANIZATION

During my stay, I have found following main weaknesses which I discussed with

HR Manager.

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a. Serious shortage of employees almost in all departments and sections.

b. Shaheen purchases latest machines and equipments but till date did not find

technical and skilled employees to start few of those machines.

c. In Shaheen, interviews are conducted on daily basis for lower level

employees but only a small percentage of these were offered the job.

d. There are no formal training programs for new incumbent.

e. Strict beurucratic style of management.

f. High turnover ratio than competitors.

g. Short term planning for human resource.

h. Lack of formal forms & formats specially interview evaluation form etc.

i. Forecasting of human resource need is based on subjective judgment.

 j. No referral bonus for employees who recommended competent & skilled

candidates for a job.

k. Orientation & training period of new incumbent are very short and new

employee has to learn every thing from his mistakes.

l. No training need assessment form developed yet.

m. Different standard are set for different employees working same type jobs.

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n. Performance reports have no effect on annual salary increase.

o. Compensation & Benefits are lower in Shaheen as compared to other national

& multinational pharmaceutical organizations.

p. Different pay structure for different employees working same job.

q. Promotion policy of Shaheen is not clear.

9

RECOMMENDATION

44

a. The HR Department must intensively look for new candidates to fill-up the shortage of employees. For

this purpose Shaheen may use internet, print medias such as newspapers, brochures and may use

referrals.

b. Shaheen Pharmaceutical acquired latest equipments and machineries but some of them are still not

at work because of lack of technicians and specialists. It is thus recommended that before any new

machinery is purchased, a contract must be signed with the manufacturer of the machinery or with the

suppliers that they must train some staff of Shaheen to operate the machine within reasonable time.

c. The HR department may dedicate a day in a week or in a month for interview thus eliminates the

unnecessary interviews conducted daily and thus can save precious time of HR Staff.

d. A complete training program must be designed for each and every incumbent, which may cover not

only the details of the job for which the incumbent is hired but also about the company, its culture,

environment, HR Policies and the like.

e. Strict beurucratic style of management must be converted to more flexible type i.e. authority and

responsibilities must be delegated to lower level as well. This action not only increases motivational

level of employees but also increases the loyalty and sense of belongness of employees.

f. HR Department must also forecast for long-term Human Resource need.

g. HR Department must design formal form for applicant interview, salary

surveys, Training need assessment etc.

h. Human resource needs in Shaheen are mostly determined using judgmental technique. Although judgmental techniques are one of most important ones, the HR Department must train every Manager,

Supervisor, Line Manager etc so that can use other method as well to enhance the reliability of their

estimates.

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i. It is also found that no referral bonus was given to employees who refer competent, skilled and

knowledgeable candidate. The HR Department must convince the higher management to give such

bonus which not only motivated the employees but the organization can in this way get competent,

skilled and experienced worker which may participate in the success of the organization.

 j. Orientation & Training period of new incumbent is very short, and usually the incumbent learn fromtheir mistakes, this is a costly practice. So it is recommended that new incumbent must be fully trained

and after completion of training period, the training performance must be evaluated before giving

regular job assignment to the employee.

k. One main weakness found in Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is that there are different performance

standard for employees working same job. This practiced must be immediately eliminated and same

performance standard must be set for same job.

l. Performance reports must be tightly l inked with salary increase at the end of 

each year.

m. As compared to other pharmaceutical organization present in Pakistan, the salary level in Shaheen is

much lower. As a result the employees turnover is very high. HR Department must conduct salary

survey, comparison and other means to reduce the current salary gap and thus reduces the employees

turnover.

n. There must be same pay structure for same job i.e. equal pay for equal work.

o. Shaheen HR Department must clearly communicate its promotion policy to

all employees.

10

CONCLUSION

46

HR is a very vast and important field in business. It is really important to have and maintain quality

professionals to add value in any organizations. From the entire above project I have gained a lot of 

practical experience of the work. I saw how work is done practically in organizations. I saw practical

application of my theoretical knowledge. It was a great learning experience, but I observed something

which I feel not a good practice. Basic pay of line workers disappointed me the most. It was less than

that approved by the government due to the fact that the organization is located in tax free region

where government labour officer do not inspect any company. There are many things that are still in

books and remain in books. I think, organizations, in the process of reducing costs and competing

globally, should not forget basic ethics, which are the essence of a good organization.

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During my stay in Shaheen Pharmaceutical, I have analysed their existing human recourse system and

seen that how they are applying the Recruitment & Selection process (from job analysis to selection of 

employees) and I have seen that company recruit all those persons who are eligible to his criteria

whether they are internal or external. Once a pool of candidate has been completed the next stage is to

select the best person for the job to achieve the organizational goal.

Orientation and on the job training will be arranged after the selection of employees and the newly

hired employees are posted on temporary job of 3 to 6 months for their practices, and employees

having satisfied performance will be permitted as permanent. But orientation and training are limited to

some employees. The Management strongly believes the importance of their employees; however the

benefits provided to them are also limited to few employees. The management believe employees as a

supreme strength. Therefore they strive to attract, retain and develop the best talent but because of 

low salary and few benefits, the employees turnover ratio are quite very high. Special emphasis in this

regard is given to training & development of the staff but so for this practice is conducted only to train

selective employees. Shaheen not only train employees in-house but also send some employees for

external training.

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Currently the company does not have automated HRMS. If this system is installed, the company will

received numerous benefits such as reduction in recruitment & selection costs, Increases HRD

performance, easy & fast access to critical information such as employees personal record,

performance log etc.

It was also observed that layoff, termination, demotion and retirement polices

are not clear as a result the moral of key employees were found at low level.

Currently, the HR Manager is trying there best to develop new policy which are acceptable to both

employer and to employees and thus it is expected that HR Department will reduces their deficiencies

and enhances the satisfaction of their employees.

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11

REFERENCES

BOOKS

1

Guerin Lisa & Delpo Amy (2003). Create Your Own Employee

Handbook (1st ed.). California, USA: Nolo Press

2

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Tracey, William R. Tracey. (2004). The human resources glossary: the complete desk reference for HR

executives, managers and practitioners (3rd ed.) New York, USA: ST. LUCIE PRESS (A CRC Press

Company).

3

Helms M. Marilyn. (2006). Encyclopaedia of Management (5th ed.).

London, UK: Thomson & Gale Publishing Co.

4

Prof. Krishan Murthi. (2008). A Handbook of Employees Relations and Labour Laws In India. (1st ed.).

Mumbai, India: NAD International Press.

5

Jones Pam. (2000). The Performance Management Pocket Book. (1st ed.). UK: ManagementPocketbooks Ltd. E-mail: pocketbks@aol.com Web: www.pocketbook.co.uk

6

David A. Decenzo & Stephen P. Robbins (2004). Fundamentals Of 

Human Resource Management. (8th ed.)

7

Wayne F. Casico (2000). Managing Human Resource (Productivity,

Quality Of Work Life & Profits). (5th ed.). National Book Foundation.

JOURNALS

1

Dr. Adya Prasad Pandey (Dec. 2007). Labour Management Relations A Radical Deal For Industrial

Peace. MPRA Paper No.6085 Retrieved May 2009, http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/6085

MANUALS

1

Manual of Human Resource, Chamber Practice, The Indian legal Service Provider. (1996). Manual

developed for Ramakrishna Hospitality Services (Pvt.) Ltd.

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2

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Training Manuals of Paramount Pharmaceuticals. (Jan. 2008

Recommended