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The Proceedingsof the
27th International
Technical Conference
on
Coal Utilization
&
Fuel Systems
Volume I of II
March 4-7, 2002
Sheraton Sand Key
Clearwater, Florida, USA
UB/TIB Hannover
121 604 489
89
TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I (Pages 1-618)
Economic & Financial PerspectivesChairman: Donald P. Daley, Lurgi Lentjes, NA
Evaluating the Merits of Coal Projects in a Competitive Electric Market
Patricia A. Rawls, U.S. Department ofEnergy, National EnergyTechnology Laboratory; Richard E. Weinstein, P.E., Albert A.
Herman, Jr., and James J. Lowe, Parsons Infrastructure &
Technology Group Inc., USA 1
Gasification: Opening Coal to New Markets
David Gray and Glen Tomlinson, Mitretek Systems, USA... 13
Economic Assessment of Life Cycle Analysis of Coal Production and
Use Process
Jayanta Bhattacharya, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of
Mining Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,INDIA 17
The Vision 21 Program I, II & III
Chairmen: Dr. Lawrence A. Ruth, National Energy Technology Laboratory,U.S. Department ofEnergy andFred Glaser, U.S. Department ofEnergy
Vision 21 Partial Gasification Module Pilot Plant Tests
A. Robertson, Foster Wheeler Development Corporation,USA 31
Vision 21 - Systems Integration MethodologyDr. A.D. Rao and Dr. G.S. Samuelsen, Advanced Power and
Energy Programs, University of California; Dr. F.L. Robson,
kraftWork Systems, Inc.; and Dr. W. H. Day, Pratt & Whitney
Power Systems, USA 41
Hi
Novel Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation in Gasification
Processes in Vision 21 Plants
Michael Schwartz, ITN Energy Systems, Inc., USA 49
Near-Term Potential for Power Generation from Coal with Zero
Atmospheric Emissions
Roger E. Anderson, Harry Brandt, Keith L. Pronske and Fermin
(Vic) Viteri, Clean Energy Systems, Inc., USA 51
A Computational Workbench Environment for Virtual Power Plant
Simulation
Mike Bockelie, Martin Denison, Dave Swensen, Zumao Chen,Connie Senior and Adel Sarofim, Reaction EngineeringInternational, USA 63
Advanced-Gasification Combustion: Bench-Scale System Design and
Experimental Results
George Rizeq, Janice West, Raul Subia, Arnaldo Frydman, and
Vladimir Zamansky, GE Energy and Environmental Research
Corporation; and Kamalendu Das, U.S. Department of Energy,National Energy Technology Laboratory, USA 75
Progress in Development of Direct FuelCell®/Turbine SystemsHossein Ghezel-Ayagh and Joe Daly FuelCell Energy, Inc.,USA 85
Software Integrations for Power Plant Simulations
David G. Sloan and Woodrow A. Fiveland, ALSTOM Power
Inc.; Stephen E. Zitney, Aspen Technology, Inc.; and Madhava
Syamlal, Fluent Inc., USA 87
Oxygen Transport Membranes for Application to Zero Emission Power
Plants Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
G. Maxwell Christie, Ph.D. and Troy M. Raybold, Ph.D.,Praxair, Inc.; and Larry A. Shockling, Ph.D., Keqin Huang,Ph.D., and Thomas E. Gilboy ,
Siemens Westinghouse Power
Corporation, Stationary Fuel Cells, USA 99
zv
Hydrogen Separation Membranes for Vision 21 Energy Plants
Shane E. Roark, Richard A. Mackay, and Anthony F.
Sammells. Eltron Research, Inc., USA 101
Mercury Control I & II
Chairman: Stanley J Vecci, McDermott Technology, Inc.
Study on Measuring Method of Mercury in Flue Gas and Its
Application for Coal-fired Test Plant
Hirofumi Kikkawa and Takanori Nakamoto, Babcock-Hitachi
Kure Research Laboratory, JAPAN 113
Where Did the Mercury Go? An Examination of the ICR with Respectto the Role of Surface Area
T. Thomas, The Ohio State University, USA 125
Full-scale Testing of Mercury Control for Wet FGD SystemsDennis K. McDonald, Michael G. Milobowski, and Paul S.
Nolan, Babcock & Wilcox; and Gerald T. Amrhein, Greg A.
Kudlac, and Deborah Madden Yurchison, McDermott
Technology, Inc, USA 135
Utilization of Combustion Modifications to Control Mercury Emissions
Vitali Lissianski, Vladimir Zamansky, Peter Maly, and RandySeeker, GE Energy and Environmental Research Corporation,USA 137
Impact of Coal Chlorine and Flue Gas Temperature on MercurySpeciation
R.M. Statnick, J.A. Withum, and A.M. Schwalb, CONSOL
Energy Inc.; and K. Ho, and R.L. Oda, Illinois Clean Coal
Institute, USA 145
Pre-Combustion Removal ofMercury from Coal
F.D. Guffey, A.E. Bland, and T.H. Brown, Western Research
Institute, USA 147
v
Pilot-Scale Research at NETL on Mercury Measurement and Control
William J. O'Dowd, Richard A. Hargis, and Henry W.
Pennline, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S.
Department ofEnergy, USA 159
Biomass Interest Group I & II
Chairman: Evan Hughes, Electric Power Research Institute
Firing Sawdust and Tire-Derived Fuel with Coal at Willow Island
Generating Station
David Tillman, Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation; Kathleen
Payette, Tim Banfield and Glenn Holt, Allegheny Energy
Supply Co., USA 165
Emissions Management at Albright Generating Station throughBiomass Cofiring
Kathleen Payette, Tim Banfield and Tom Nutter, AlleghenyEnergy Supply Co.; and David Tillman, Foster Wheeler Energy
Corporation, USA 177
Biomass Cofiring: Results of Technology Progress from the Cooperative
Agreement between EPRI and USDOE
David Tillman, Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation; Sean
Plasynski, National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S.
Department of Energy; and Evan Hughes, Electric Power
Research Institute, USA 187
Modeling Combustion and Pyrolysis of Wood ChipsMatthew Hagge, M.S. and Kenneth M. Bryden, Ph.D., Iowa
State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering,USA 203
The Environmental Benefits of Cofiring Biomass and Coal
Margaret K. Mann and Pamela L. Spath, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, USA 205
VI*
Biomass Combustion and Cofirng Issues Overview: Alkali Deposits,Flyash, NOx/SCR Impacts
Larry Baxter, Dale Tree, Fernando Fonseca and Warren Lucas,
Brignam Young University, USA 217
Cofiring Mixtures of Urban Wood and Coal to Stoker Boilers
James T. Cobb, William W. Elder and Hongming Li, Chemical
and Petroleum Engineering Department, University of
Pittsburgh, USA 227
Biomass Cofiring, Other Biomass Energy Topics, and Results From the
EPRI Biomass Interest GroupEvan Hughes, Electric Power Research Institute, USA 233
Advanced Materials
Chairman: Fred Glaser, U.S. Department ofEnergy
A Rugged, Reliable Check Valve for Extremely Harsh Environments
ToddR. Snyder, Southern Research Institute, USA 235
Gas Separations Based on Electrical Swing AdsorptionRoddie R. Judkins and Timothy D. Burchell, Oak RidgeNational Laboratory, USA 247
Materials for Ultrasupercritical Coal-Fired Power Plants
R. Viswanathan, Strategic Science and Technology, Electric
Power Research Institute; R. W. Swindeman, and I. G. Wright,Oak Ridge National Laboratory; and R. Purgert, EnergyIndustries of Ohio, USA 257
vii
Recent Experiences with Utility SCR'sChairman: Michael J. Rini, Alstom Power
Economic and Environmental Analysis ofIGCC Power Generation with
SCR Technology for Further NOx Reduction
David Gray and Glen Tomlinson, Mitretek Systems; Massood
Ramezan, Science Applications International Corporation; and
Gary Stiegel, U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy
Technology Laboratory, USA 273
Second Generation SCR's
Edward V. Bowes, Dominion; and Michael J. Rini, Alstom
Power, USA 277
Leveraging Physical Flow Modelling and CFD to Optimize SCR DesignsDavid Anderson, Alstom Power Plant Labs, USA 279
Fluidized Bed Combustion
Chairman: DonaldBonk, National Energy Technology Laboratory
Prediction of Deposit Formation in Biomass (Co-) Fired FBC Using an
Advanced Characterisation Method
Maria Zevenhoven, Patrik Yrjas, Rainer Backman, Bengt-JohanSkrifVars, and Mikko Hupa, Abo Akademi University, Process
Chemistry Group, FINLAND 281
Aspects of Co-Firing Natural Gas in Fluidized Bed Combustion
Dennis Y. Lu, and Edward J. Anthony, CANMET EnergyTechnology Centre, Natural Resources Canada,CANADA 293
via
Co-combustion of Lignite and Municipal Solid Waste in a Fluidized
Bed: Emission of Nitrogenous SpeciesK. Suksankraisorn, S. Patumsawad, P. Vallikul, and B.
Fungtammasan, Waste Incineration Research Center (WIRC),Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Mongkut'sInstitute of Technology North Bangkok, THAILAND; and A.
Accary, Laboratoire Gestion Des Risques et Environnement
(GRE), Universite de Haute Alsace, FRANCE 313
Effect of Mineral Matter on Coal Combustion ReactivityAndres F. Rojas and Juan M. Barraza, School of Chemical
Engineering; and Magdalena Urhan, and Arlex Chavez, Escuela
de Recursos Naturales y Medio Embiente, University of Valle,
COLOMBIA 325
Gasification TechnologiesChairman: Al Moussa, Blazetech Corporation
Opportunities for ORIMULSION® Gasification via IGCC TechnologyFranzo Marruffo, PhD, Wladimir Sarmiento, Alejandro Alcala,Quality and Technology Department, PDVSA-BITOR,VENEZUELA 333
The Impact of ITM Oxygen on Economics for Coal-Based IGCC
VanEric E. Stein, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.; Edhi
Juwono, Texaco Power and Gasification; and Elia P. Demetri,
Concepts NREC, USA 345
Thermal Destruction of Plastic Materials in Solid Wastes
Daisuke Jinno, Ashwani K. Gupta, The Combustion
Laboratory, Department ofMechanical Engineering, Universityof Maryland, USA; and Kunio Yoshikawa, Department of
Environmental Science and Technology, InterdisciplinaryGraduate School ofScience and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of
Technology, JAPAN 357
ix
Low NOx Combustion I & II
Chairman: Alan Paschedag, Burns & Roe Enterprises
NOx Reduction of a 165 MW Wall-Fired Boiler Utilizing Air and Fuel
Flow Measurement and Control
Marion Cherry, Santee Cooper, Dave Earley, Air Monitor
Corporation/Combustion Technologies Corporation, David
Silzle, Air Monitor Corporation, USA 365
Optimization and NOx Reduction Using On-Line Pulverized Coal and
Airflow Measurement and Control
J. J. Letcavits, AEP-Pro Serv, Inc., USA 383
Development of an Ultra-Low NOx Integrated System for Pulverized
Coal Fired Power Plants
Galen H. Richards, John L.Marion, and Charles Q. Maney, US
Power Plant Laboratories; and Robert Lewis and Doug Hart,
Performance Projects, ALSTOM Power, Inc., USA 395
Summary of Recent N0X Achievements with Low NOx Firing Systemsand Highly Reactive PRB and Lignite Coal: as low as 0.11 Lb
NOx/mmBtuRobert Lewis, Gary Camody, and Patrick Jennings, ALSTOM
Power, Performance Projects, USA 397
Operational and Performance Update on New Ultra Low NOx
Combustion Systems with Fuel/Air Monitoring and Control TechnologyJohn Grusha, Stefan Laux and Scott Slingerland, Foster
Wheeler Power Group, USA 399
Development of an Effective 1:N Splitter For use in Multi-Phase
Transport SystemsJoel Vatsky, Advanced Burner Technologies Corporation,USA 411
x
Ability of Models to Predict NOx Formation in Coal Fired Boilers
Anthony Williams, PhD Student, University of Queensland;
John H. Pohl, Consultant Combustion and Pollution Control,
Ultra-Systems Technology Pty Ltd.; and Steve Visona,Deceased, AUSTRALIA 423
Low N0X Results: Large & Small
Joel Vatsky, Tarkel Larson, and Charles Onaitis, Advanced
Burner Technologies Corporation, USA 425
Update on Combustion Modification NOx Control for Coal-Fired UtilityBoilers
Doug Gauld, Chris Latham, Todd Melick, Roy Payne and Todd
Sommer, GE Energy and Environmental Research Corporation,USA 439
Opportunity Fuels I & II
Chairmen: David Tillman, Foster Wheeler Corporation, and
Dr. Ashwani Gupta, University ofMaryland
Utility Perspectives on Opportunity Fuels
Kirby Letheby, Aliant Energy, USA 441
Low Solids Coal Water Slurry Cofiring for NOx Trim
Joseph J. Battista, Cofiring Alternatives (EPRI/UCIG),USA 453
The Propensity of Liquid Phases Forming During Coal-OpportunityFuel (Biomass) Cofiring as a Function of Ash Chemistry and
TemperatureSharon Falcone Miller and Bruce G. Miller, The EnergyInstitute, The Pennsylvania State University, Coal Utilization
Lab; and David Tillman, Foster Wheeler Corporation,USA 465
Co-Firing Tire-Derived Fuel with Coal
N. Stanley Harding, N.S. Harding & Associates, USA 477
xi
Petroleum Coke as a Supplementary Fuel for Cyclone Boilers:
Characteristics and Test Results
David Tillman, Foster Wheeler Corporation, USA 489
Ashes to Energy: The Coleman Station ProjectJack Groppo and Tom Robl, University of Kentucky, Center for
Applied Energy Research, USA 503
Cofiring Wood Residue and Sunflower Hulls with Coal
Bruce C. Folkedahl and Christopher J. Zygarlicke, Energy &Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota,USA 515
Effect of Wood Fuel on S02 Emissions in Co-firing with Peat and Coal
in Fluidized Bed Boiler
Markku M. Orjala, Veli-Pekka Heiskanen, Riikka M. Ingalsuoand Jouni P. HamaJainen, VTT Energy, FINLAND 527
Computer Simulations
Chairman: Dr. Kenneth M. Bryden, Iowa State University
Computational Model for Efficient Filter DesignF. Hrdlicka, O. Kubelka, and P. Slavik, Czech Technical
University, Dept. of Fluid Dynamics and Power Engineeringand Department of Computer Science and Engineering,CZECH REPUBLIC 539
Modeling ofMercury States in Coal-Fired Utility BoilersZ. Chen, C. L. Senior, and A. F. Sarofim, Reaction EngineeringInternational, USA 549
Evaluation of Biomass Co-firing Injection Strategies Using CFD
Simulations: Pilot- and Full-scale Results
Kevin Davis, Hong-Shig Shim, David Lignell, and Martin
Denison, Reaction Engineering International; and Larry Felix,Southern Research Institute, USA 561
xii
A Generic Simulation Method for the Lower and Upper Furnace of
Coal-Fired Utility Boilers Using both Air Firing and Oxy-FuelCombustion with C02 Recirculation
Ligang Zheng, Bruce Clements and Allan Runstedtler,CANMET Energy Technology Center, Natural Resources
Canada, CANADA 571
VR-XPR: A Toolkit for Rapid Development of Virtual Energy SystemsKenneth M. Bryden, Ph.D., Gengxun Huang, M.S., Peter
Johnson, M.S., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa
State University; and Edmundo Vasquez, Ph.D., Research and
Development, Alliant Energy Corporation, USA 581
Coal Compatible Fuel Cells I & II
Chairman: Hans J. Ziock, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Coal Compatible Fuel Cells; A User's Wish List
Klaus. S. Lackner, Department of Earth & Environmental
Engineering, Columbia University, USA 583
Adapting Solid Oxide Fuel Cells for Coal Derived Fuels
Robert J. Remick, Associate Director, High Temperature Fuel
Cell Technology, Gas Technology Institute, USA 585
A Coal Fuelled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell SystemVik Arild, Lygre Asle, Ce M., J. Byrknes and P. Bratland,Prototech AS, NORWAY 595
Anode Materials For Coal Gas Fuel Cells
Fernando Garzon, Eric Brosha and R. Mukundan, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, USA 607
xiii
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
S. C. Singhal, Battelle Fellow and Director, Fuel Cells, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, USA 609
The Opportunity for Coal-based Solid Oxide Fuel Cell PowerplantsCraig P. Jacobson, Steven J. Visco, and Lutgard C. De Jonghe,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, USA 611
Using Advanced Solid Oxide Fuel Cells in Zero Emission Coal SystemsRomesh Kumar and Michael Krumpelt, Electrochemical
Technology Program, Chemical Technology Division, ArgonneNational Laboratory, USA 613
VOLUME II (Pages 619 -1,187)
Coal Preparation I & II
Chair: Lisa Corathers, National Mining Association
Integrated Carbon Recovery Systems for Fine Coal Processing WasteY.P. Chugh, A. Patwardhan and D.P. Patil, Southern Illinois
University; R Q. Honaker, B. K. Parekh, D. Tao and Z. Chen,University of Kentucky; and L. Khan, Illinois State GeologicalSurvey, USA 619
The Significance of Illinois Coal and the Illinois State Geological Survey(ISGS) Washer
Latif Khan and William R. Roy, Illinois State GeologicalSurvey; and Ken K. Ho, Illinois Clean Coal Institute,USA 631
Coal Drying Improves Performance and Reduces Emissions
Charles Bullinger and Mark Ness, Great River Energy; and
Nenad Sarunac and Edward K. Levy, Energy Research Center,Lehigh University, USA 639
xiv
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