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INTERNAL COMBUSTION INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINESENGINES
OutlineOutline
Gas EnginesGas EnginesOil EnginesOil EnginesDiesel EngineDiesel EnginePetrol EnginePetrol Engine
Gas EnginesGas Engines
HuygensHuygensPapinPapinEtienne LenoirEtienne LenoirAlphonse Beau de RochasAlphonse Beau de RochasN. A. OttoN. A. OttoCrossley BrothersCrossley Brothers
Huygens & PapinHuygens & Papin
Huygens (1629-1695)Huygens (1629-1695)Pre-SteamPre-SteamSmall Quantity Of Gunpowder In CylinderSmall Quantity Of Gunpowder In CylinderExplosion Raises CylinderExplosion Raises CylinderPower On DownstrokePower On Downstroke
Denis Papin (1647-1714)Denis Papin (1647-1714)Same ConceptSame Concept
Etienne Lenoir (1822-1900)Etienne Lenoir (1822-1900) Resembled Horizontal Resembled Horizontal
Double-Acting Steam Double-Acting Steam EngineEngineCylinder, Piston, Connecting Cylinder, Piston, Connecting
Rod, FlywheelRod, Flywheel Gas & Air Replaced SteamGas & Air Replaced Steam High Tension SparkHigh Tension Spark
Battery & Induction CoilBattery & Induction Coil Return StrokeReturn Stroke
Expelled ExhaustExpelled Exhaust Slide ValvesSlide Valves Water CooledWater Cooled
4-Stroke Cycle4-Stroke Cycle
LenoirLenoir100 ft100 ft33 Of Gas Consumed Per hp-hour Of Gas Consumed Per hp-hourNo Initial Compression Of MixtureNo Initial Compression Of Mixture
Alphonse Beau de Rochas (1815-1891)Alphonse Beau de Rochas (1815-1891)Patent (1862)Patent (1862)
Protected Invention Of 4-Stroke Engine
1. Explosive Mixture In1. Explosive Mixture In2. Mixture Compressed2. Mixture Compressed3. Burning Mixture Drives Piston3. Burning Mixture Drives Piston4. Burnt Gases Are Exhausted4. Burnt Gases Are Exhausted
N. A. Otto (1832-1891)N. A. Otto (1832-1891) German EngineerGerman Engineer Vertical Atmosphereic Gas Engine (1867)Vertical Atmosphereic Gas Engine (1867) Horizontal Gas Engine (1878)Horizontal Gas Engine (1878)
Based On Beau de Rochas CycleBased On Beau de Rochas Cycle
Otto (Continued)Otto (Continued)
Otto Never New Of Earlier PatentOtto Never New Of Earlier PatentProduced 35,000 Engines Within Produced 35,000 Engines Within
Several YearsSeveral YearsVery Few Used Electric IgnitionVery Few Used Electric Ignition
Most Used A Flame Drawn Into CylinderMost Used A Flame Drawn Into CylinderBy 1878 - 28 ftBy 1878 - 28 ft3 3 per hp-hour per hp-hour
Early Flame IgnitionEarly Flame Ignition
Dual FlamesDual FlamesExternalExternalInternalInternal
Internal Is Extinguished Internal Is Extinguished During IgnitionDuring Ignition
Incorporated Slide ValvesIncorporated Slide Valves
Other DevelopersOther Developers
Dugald Clerk (1879)Dugald Clerk (1879)2-Stroke Engine2-Stroke EngineSingle-Acting Lenoir EngineSingle-Acting Lenoir Engine
GriffinGriffin6-Stroke Engine6-Stroke Engine
Crossley BrothersCrossley Brothers
Built Many 4-Stroke Engines Under Otto PatentBuilt Many 4-Stroke Engines Under Otto Patent
Oil EnginesOil Engines
Hock & BraytonHock & BraytonDent & PriestmanDent & PriestmanHornsbyHornsby
Hock & BraytonHock & Brayton Gas Producing Plants Limited DevelopmentGas Producing Plants Limited Development J. Hock (1873) - Paraffin (Kerosene)J. Hock (1873) - Paraffin (Kerosene)
Pressurized Air Broke Up Jet Of Oil Into MistPressurized Air Broke Up Jet Of Oil Into MistIncomplete Combustion - UnsatisfactoryIncomplete Combustion - Unsatisfactory
Brayton (1873)Brayton (1873)Two CylindersTwo Cylinders
Compression Of MixtureActual Working
Air Forced Trough Oil Soaked Absorbent MaterialAir Forced Trough Oil Soaked Absorbent MaterialDouble-Acting, 2-Stroke CycleDouble-Acting, 2-Stroke Cycle1890 - Single-Acting On Otto Cycle1890 - Single-Acting On Otto Cycle
Dent & PriestmanDent & Priestman Used Vapor Of Heavy OilUsed Vapor Of Heavy Oil Otto Cycle - Horizontal & VerticalOtto Cycle - Horizontal & Vertical 100 hp100 hp Portable ModelPortable Model
Hornsby Oil EngineHornsby Oil Engine VaporizerVaporizer Oil Lamp To Heat Mixture Prior To Starting (10 min)Oil Lamp To Heat Mixture Prior To Starting (10 min)
Diesel EngineDiesel Engine
Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913)Rudolf Diesel (1858-1913)Patent (1892)Patent (1892)Based On Otto CycleBased On Otto CycleBasic PrincipleBasic Principle
Compress Air By A Rising Piston Higher Compression Than Other IC Engines
Injector Pump To Add Small Quantity Of Oil Into Combustion Chamber
Ignites Spontaneously Upon Contact With Air
Worked With All Types Of Petroleum OilWorked With All Types Of Petroleum Oil
Diesel Engine (Continued)Diesel Engine (Continued)
11% Greater Efficiency Than Any Other 11% Greater Efficiency Than Any Other Prime MoverPrime Mover
DisadvantagesDisadvantagesHeavier & More Solid EngineHeavier & More Solid EngineRoughness At Low SpeedsRoughness At Low SpeedsCold StartingCold Starting
Petrol EnginesPetrol Engines
Gottlieb DaimlerGottlieb DaimlerKarl BenzKarl BenzElectric IgnitionElectric IgnitionFloat-Feed CarburettorFloat-Feed CarburettorHot Tube IgnitionHot Tube IgnitionOpposed PistonsOpposed PistonsBalancingBalancing
Gottlieb DaimlerGottlieb DaimlerFather Of Modern IC EngineFather Of Modern IC EnginePremisePremise
Small & LightSmall & LightHigh-Speed MotorHigh-Speed MotorPower By High Speed RotationPower By High Speed Rotation
Patent (1884)Patent (1884)High-Speed Gas EngineHigh-Speed Gas EngineHot Tube IgnitionHot Tube Ignition
Patent (1885)Patent (1885)Single Cylinder, Enclosed Crank & FlywheelSingle Cylinder, Enclosed Crank & Flywheel
Patent (1885)Patent (1885)Surface CarburettorSurface Carburettor
Patent (1889)Patent (1889)V-Type Twin CylinderV-Type Twin Cylinder
150 InclinedConnecting Rod On Common Crank
Used On Motor Cars On Both ContinentsUsed On Motor Cars On Both ContinentsSold In Large QuatitiesSold In Large Quatities““First Modern Day IC Engine”First Modern Day IC Engine”
Gottlieb Daimler (Continued)Gottlieb Daimler (Continued)
V-TypeV-TypeTwin CylinderTwin Cylinder
V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)
First Down StrokeFirst Down StrokeCarburetted Air At Atmospheric Pressure Through Carburetted Air At Atmospheric Pressure Through
Mushroom ValveMushroom ValveLight Spring Closes ValveLight Spring Closes Valve
First Return StrokeFirst Return StrokeMixture Is Compressed (3:1)Mixture Is Compressed (3:1)At TDC, Charge Is Fired By Hot Tube Ignition - At TDC, Charge Is Fired By Hot Tube Ignition -
Gases Increase In Pressure (20:1)Gases Increase In Pressure (20:1)
V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Operation)
Second Down StrokeSecond Down StrokeDriven By Exploding MixtureDriven By Exploding MixtureMechanical Valve Opens To Release Exhaust To Mechanical Valve Opens To Release Exhaust To
Silencer - Remains Open During ReturnSilencer - Remains Open During ReturnSecond Return StrokeSecond Return Stroke
Completely Drives Out ExhaustCompletely Drives Out ExhaustExhaust Valve ClosesExhaust Valve Closes
Cycle RepeatsCycle Repeats
V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Properties)V-Type Twin-Cylinder (Properties)
2 to 1 Exhaust Valve Gearing2 to 1 Exhaust Valve GearingNo Exhaust On First Return StrokeNo Exhaust On First Return Stroke
Governor ControlledGovernor ControlledKeeps Exhaust Valve Closed If Speed Exceeds Keeps Exhaust Valve Closed If Speed Exceeds
MaximumMaximumFlywheel During Non Power StrokeFlywheel During Non Power Stroke
Pistons Don’t Oppose Each OtherPistons Don’t Oppose Each OtherCylinder & Valve Casting Is Water JacketedCylinder & Valve Casting Is Water Jacketed
RadiatorRadiator
Karl BenzKarl Benz
““Father Of First Motor Car”Father Of First Motor Car”3.5 hp Single Cylinder Petrol Engine (1893)3.5 hp Single Cylinder Petrol Engine (1893)
Otto CycleOtto CycleSlow SpeedSlow SpeedPrimtive Surface Carburettor & MixerPrimtive Surface Carburettor & MixerElectric Ignition - High Tension SystemElectric Ignition - High Tension System
Same Principle Used By Many Vehicles
Patent (1885)Patent (1885)First Motor Vehicle By BenzFirst Motor Vehicle By Benz
Karl BenzKarl Benz
Benz (1885) - Electric IgnitionBenz (1885) - Electric Ignition
Electri Ignition - OperationElectri Ignition - Operation 4 Volt Accumulator In Series With Primary 4 Volt Accumulator In Series With Primary
Winding Of Induction CoilWinding Of Induction Coil Trembler SwitchTrembler Switch
When Core Energizes, Interrupts CircuitWhen Core Energizes, Interrupts CircuitSwitch Springs Back Till Core EnergizesSwitch Springs Back Till Core EnergizesCycle Repeats Rapidly Making a BuzzCycle Repeats Rapidly Making a Buzz
High Tension Winding Delivers A Series Of High Tension Winding Delivers A Series Of SparksSparks
Rotary Switch Makes Sure Ignition Takes Place Rotary Switch Makes Sure Ignition Takes Place At Correct TimeAt Correct Time
Float Feed CarburettorFloat Feed Carburettor Wilhelm Maybach (1893)Wilhelm Maybach (1893) Daimler EnginesDaimler Engines Petrol Fed ByPetrol Fed By
GravityGravityPressurePressure
Needle JetNeedle JetAir Suction Mixes PetrolAir Suction Mixes Petrol
Float Controls Petrol Float Controls Petrol LevelLevel
de Dion & Boutonde Dion & Bouton
18951895 Light, High SpeedLight, High Speed Single Cylinder, Air CooledSingle Cylinder, Air Cooled Otto CycleOtto Cycle 1500 rpm1500 rpm Surface CarburettorSurface Carburettor New Ignition SystemNew Ignition System Precursor For Many Engines Precursor For Many Engines
To Follow To Follow
de Dion (1895) - Electric Ignitionde Dion (1895) - Electric Ignition
Primary BatteryPrimary BatteryPlain Induction CoilPlain Induction CoilCam & V-Shaped NotchCam & V-Shaped Notch
Electric Ignition - OperationElectric Ignition - Operation
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