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Intermolecular Forces
• why is N2 a gas at room temp, but H2O is a liquid?– intermolecular forces
• intramolecular vs intermolecular forces
Dissolution of an Ionic Solid
ions become surrounded by water dipoles
gain ion-dipole interactions
but lose ion-ion interactions
Na1+
HO
H
HO
H
H
O
H
H
O
H
Intermolecular Forces• hydrogen bonds
•special dipole-dipole interaction
a H atom which is covalently bound to O, N, or F interacts with another O, N, or F atom
H
O H O
H
H
Intermolecular Forces• dispersion or London forces
•instantaneous dipole – induced dipole interaction
size of molecule or atom plays important role in strength of London forces
The Predictive Power of Intermolecular Forces
• melting and boiling points
• H2O vs N2
•ethanol and dimethyl ether
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